GmAP1d regulates flowering time under long-day photoperiods in soybean

Flowering time is important for adaptation of soybean(Glycine max)to different environments.Here,we conducted a genome-wide association study of flowering time using a panel of 1490 cultivated soybean accessions.We identified three strong signals at the qFT02-2 locus(Chr02:12037319–12238569),which were associated with flowering time in three environments:Gongzhuling,Mengcheng,and Nanchang.By analyzing linkage disequilibrium,gene expression patterns,gene annotation,and the diversity of variants,we identified an AP1 homolog as the candidate gene for the qFT02-2 locus,which we named GmAP1d.Only one nonsynonymous polymorphism existed among 1490 soybean accessions at position Chr02:12087053.Accessions carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele flowered significantly earlier than those carrying the Chr02:12087053-A allele.Thus,we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS)marker for the SNP at Chr02:12087053,which is suitable for marker-assisted breeding of flowering time.Knockout of GmAP1d in the‘Williams 82’background by gene editing promoted flowering under long-day conditions,confirming that GmAP1d is the causal gene for qFT02-2.An analysis of the region surrounding GmAP1d revealed that GmAP1d was artificially selected during the genetic improvement of soybean.Through stepwise selection,the proportion of modern cultivars carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele has increased,and this allele has become nearly fixed(95%)in northern China.These findings provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of flowering time in soybean and a target gene that can be used for breeding modern soybean cultivars adapted to different latitudes.

Exploration on Management Measures of Onion Production in Eastern Henan Province

In this paper, the management points and cultivation difficulties of onion in different stages were discussed in detail from the aspects of onion cultivation seasons, cultivation methods, sowing and seedling raising, proper planting, field water and fertilizer management, stalk removal period, pest control, timely harvest and so on. This paper provides theoretical guidance for the high quality and high yield of onion in Huang-Huai area and data reference for further improvement of high-yielding onion cultivation technique system.

Influence of Microorganisms Effective against Basal Rot and on Agronomic Parameters of Onion [Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae)]

Onions are a horticultural crop of great economic, dietary and medicinal importance, and are highly prized by the Ivorian population. However, production remains low, due to a number of constraints, including parasitic attacks. The most frequent is fusariosis caused by Fusarium sp., a pathogen that causes enormous damage to onion crops. Faced with these attacks, chemical control appears to be ineffective, with consequences for human health and the environment. This is why the search for effective alternative methods that respect the environment and human health is so necessary. It is in this context that this study was carried out, with the general aim of controlling fusarium wilt in onion crops, with a view to improving onion production in Ivory Coast through the use of effective microorganisms. The experimental set-up used for this purpose was a fisher block with complete randomization, comprising three replicates. A fungal spore concentration of 106 spore/mL of Fusarium sp., three doses (1%;2.5% and 5% v/v) of EM and one dose of a chemical fungicide (30 mL/16L) were tested on young onion plants. Each block consisted of nine sub-plots with nine treatments. Health parameters (incidence and severity) and agronomic parameters (growth and yield) were assessed. Microbiological analysis of the EM revealed the presence of nine morphotypes of Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., lactic acid bacteria of the Bacillus family and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Field experimentation showed that the 5% EM microbial solution reduced the incidence and severity of fusariosis compared with the chemical fungicide, and proved to be the best. This dose reduced yield losses by 7.14%, while improving onion growth and yield by over 5%. The results demonstrated the ability of the EM solution to effectively control the causal agent of basal rot in onion crops.

The Role of Jasmonates as Antibulbing Substances in the Bulb Formation of Onion

Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extracts as an antibulbing substance,the amount of which was synchronized with the bulb formation.Since allene oxide synthase inhibitor canceled the antibulbing activity ofα-linolenic acid,it was disclosed that jasmonic acid concerns this regulation.Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that its(3R,7S)stereochemistry is necessary for showing its antibulbing activity.It is concluded that(3R,7S)-jasmonate derived fromα-linolenic acid actually participates in the regulation of bulb formation.

On the “Onion Husk” Algorithm for Approximate Solution of the Traveling Salesman Problem

The paper describes some implementation aspects of an algorithm for approximate solution of the traveling salesman problem based on the construction of convex closed contours on the initial set of points (“cities”) and their subsequent combination into a closed path (the so-called contour algorithm or “onion husk” algorithm). A number of heuristics related to the different stages of the algorithm are considered, and various variants of the algorithm based on these heuristics are analyzed. Sets of randomly generated points of different sizes (from 4 to 90 and from 500 to 10,000) were used to test the algorithms. The numerical results obtained are compared with the results of two well-known combinatorial optimization algorithms, namely the algorithm based on the branch and bound method and the simulated annealing algorithm. .

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Alternatives for Its Management in Green Onion Allium fistulosum Crops from Colombia

Green onion is one of the most consumed vegetables in Colombia. However, its production is negatively affected by the nematode Ditylenchus. To determine the species of the nematode, as well as to propose management strategies for its control, in the present study the morphological, morphometric, and molecular characterization of the phytonematode was carried out and was used to evaluate the effect of immersion of the propagation material in water hot, application of a commercial strain of Purpureocillium lilacinum and the application of an agrochemical with insecticidal-nematicidal action to control the phytosanitary problem under field conditions. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the nematode were similar to those reported for the type and reference populations of D. dipsaci. Based on sequences of the D2-D3 segment and Internal Transcribed Spacer-ITS of the rRNA, the presence of D. dipsaci in green onion crops in Colombia was confirmed. The application of P. lilacinum statistically showed an efficient control of D. dipsaci, at the same time that presented the highest yield, in relation to the other evaluated treatments (P ≤ 0.05).

洋葱AcSCL4的克隆及其功能分析

【目的】初步探讨AcSCL4在洋葱成花中的功能,为解析洋葱成花分子调控机制提供理论基础。【方法】以长日生态型洋葱品系SB2为试验材料,根据已有的洋葱转录组数据,通过qRT-PCR筛选目的基因AcSCL4后进行基因克隆,并对其进行生物信息学分析;构建AcSCL4基因的过表达载体pB221-3300-AcSCL4并转化农杆菌,采用花序浸染法浸染拟南芥,并对T_(3)代纯系转基因植株进行表型分析和开花相关基因表达量分析。【结果】洋葱AcSCL4基因CDS长1515 bp,编码504个氨基酸;AcSCL4蛋白N端高度变异,C端有GRAS结构域。聚类分析发现,AcSCL4与石刁柏和棉花的SCL4蛋白亲缘关系较近。与野生型拟南芥相比,AcSCL4过表达植株表现晚花表型。荧光定量PCR结果表明,与野生型拟南芥相比,AcSCL4过表达植株开花调控基因CO和FT的表达量极显著下降。【结论】AcSCL4通过调控CO及FT基因表达来抑制洋葱开花。

中日照地区不同洋葱品种对比试验研究

以6个不同洋葱品种为试材,进行品比试验,调查分析不同洋葱品种的假茎倒伏期、植株性状、鳞茎纵径、鳞茎横径、球形指数、抽薹情况、鳞茎硬度、可溶性固形物、含水量、单球鳞茎重、小区产量等性状指标,以期筛选出最适合在中日照地区种植的洋葱品种。结果表明:中熟白皮洋葱品种“白玉”鳞茎大、果形好、鳞茎抱合紧实、商品性好、产量高、耐贮藏、宜运输,作为特殊皮色洋葱品种,最适合在句容市进行栽培种植。

介入专科护士岗位胜任力模型的构建

目的 构建介入室专科护士岗位胜任力模型。方法2023年3月至2024年3月,组建课题小组,查阅国内外文献,运用德尔菲法对7名护理专家、9名医疗专家进行2轮问卷函询。结果 2轮函询问卷的有效回收率均为100%。经过16名专家2轮咨询,构建了4个一级指标及28个二级指标。结论 探索专科护士岗位胜任力模型构建,构建结果可信,具有一定的科学性和适用性,但指标体系仍需在实践中不断验证、修改、完善。

图书馆员数字素养研究:概念模型、核心要素与发展策略

文章在系统梳理数字素养概念与框架相关研究基础上,基于素质洋葱模型与馆员工作场域,构建图书馆员数字素养陀螺结构概念模型并分析图书馆员数字素养核心要素及其逻辑关系。该模型中,“陀体”维度映射馆员个体的数字素质,涵盖潜层数字心理素质、显层数字技能素质两大要素;“陀场”维度映射馆员工作场域下的数字能力,涵盖图书馆内部场景中的数字治理能力、外部场景中的数字服务能力两大要素。基于此,提出图书馆员数字素养发展策略,即培育馆员心理资本,提升馆员数字心理素质;培养馆员应用技能,提升馆员数字技能素质;把握数字化转型契机,发展馆员数字治理能力;聚焦数字服务场景,增强馆员数字服务能力。

一种Tor网站多网页多标签指纹识别方法

Tor匿名通信系统经常被不法分子用来从事暗网犯罪活动,Tor网页指纹识别技术为暗网监管提供技术手段。针对单标签Tor网页指纹识别技术在网络监管中实用性差的问题,文章提出一种多网页多标签Tor指纹识别方法。首先,对标准粒子群算法、K最近邻算法进行参数优化并整合,提出自适应粒子群优化K最近邻模型APSO-KNN,进行连续多标签网页分割。然后,利用自注意力机制和一维卷积神经网络模型对网页分割片段进行内容识别。最后,利用APSO-KNN记忆打分机制选择识别失败的网页的次优分割点进行网页重分割。实验结果表明,APSO-KNN采用粒子搜索机制代替穷举遍历机制寻找分割点能取得96.30%的分割准确率,分割效率较传统KNN算法有显著提高。深度学习模型SA-1DCNN抗网页分割误差性能远优于机器学习模型,识别准确率可达96.1%。

洋葱玉米芹菜猪肉丸的工艺研究

本文以洋葱、玉米、芹菜、猪肉为主要材料制作猪肉丸,对洋葱玉米芹菜猪肉丸配方、工艺进行了研究,以感官评分为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上经正交试验确定了产品的最佳配方为:洋葱泥15%、芹菜泥10%、玉米粒14%、猪肉45%、食盐2.1%、卡拉胶0.4%、蛋清9%;最佳工艺条件为:斩拌3 min,150℃油炸3 min。产品颜色金黄,滋味可口,余味浓郁,切面密实,弹性好,无大的气孔。

中卫市退砂土地农作物复垦的可行性分析研究

本研究旨在分析宁夏中卫市沙坡头区退砂地的土壤质量提升及农作物种植适宜性。通过连续3年的田间试验,收集并分析了8种宁夏地区广泛栽培的耐旱作物对土壤理化性质的影响及其经济效益。分析了退砂耕地适生农作物对当地土壤质量的影响及经济效益。结果表明,朝天椒和红葱在退砂地上表现出较高的产量和产值,且投入产出比大,是退砂地优先选择的作物。此外,玉米和小杂粮等作物轮作种植也显示出改良土壤结构和提高肥力的潜力。本研究为退砂地的科学利用提供了理论依据和实践指导,有助于推动中卫市经济社会可持续发展。

含砷铜渣中砷的分离与固化

砷是锌冶炼过程中的有害杂质元素,不仅制约着锌冶炼的顺利和安全生产,同时也影响企业的经济效益。云南某锌冶炼企业采用“SO_(2)还原浸出—铁粉沉铜”工艺处理锌冶炼浸出渣后所得铜砷渣砷含量高,为降低铜砷渣中砷的含量和提高铜渣的计价系数,采用“SO_(2)还原浸出—铁粉沉铜”工艺铁粉沉铜后的溶液为浸出剂,将含砷铜渣与含有一定浓度H_(2)SO_(4)及Fe^(2+)的铁粉沉铜后溶液以一定的液固比混合,用氧压浸出工艺进行处理,开展砷的分离与固化,深入研究关键技术参数对含砷铜渣中铜、砷浸出率,砷固化率以及固砷渣品质的影响规律。结果表明:含砷铜渣在初始硫酸浓度50 g/L、液固比5∶1、氧分压0.4 MPa、反应温度120℃、反应时间3 h的工艺条件下,可实现含砷铜渣中99%以上的铜和砷被浸出;含砷铜渣在铁砷质量比2.0、初始pH值1.0、液固比5∶1、氧分压0.4 MPa、反应温度120℃、反应时间3 h的固砷工艺条件下进行固砷处理,有价金属损失小,砷以稳定的臭葱石晶体固化,砷固化率98.23%,且臭葱石晶体结构良好、晶粒清晰、表面光滑、边缘整齐;固砷后的溶液经过锌粉置换沉铜,可产出含铜质量分数在70%以上的富铜渣,铜渣中铜的计价系数较除砷前提升13%,既实现了含砷铜渣中砷的分离与固化,降低了砷对环境的污染,又实现了企业的经济效益。研究结果可为锌冶炼含砷铜渣的高值化利用和砷的环境污染防治及环境风险防控提供参考。

不同浓度调环酸钙对大葱幼苗生长的影响

以东森寒葱2号为试验材料,通过测定大葱苗期喷施调环酸钙(200、400、600、800 mg·L^(-1))处理的形态指标、叶绿素和根系活力等指标,探究不同浓度调环酸钙对大葱种苗质量的影响。结果表明,调环酸钙能有效增加大葱幼苗的假茎粗、假茎长度和叶片叶绿素含量,提高根系活力、促进根系生长,且其适宜浓度为600 mg·L^(-1)。处理后21 d,与清水对照相比,600 mg·L^(-1)调环酸钙处理的假茎粗、假茎长和根系活力分别提高了22.0%、66.9%和65.7%;根系、假茎、叶片和全株干质量分别增加38.5%、48.4%、34.6%和37.9%。与200 mg·L^(-1)矮壮素处理相比,600 mg·L^(-1)调环酸钙处理的根冠比、壮苗指数和总叶绿素含量分别上升23.0%、37.0%和19.4%。综上,叶面喷施600 mg·L^(-1)的调环酸钙能有效提高大葱种苗质量。

不同浓度矮壮素、萘乙酸和烯效唑对大葱苗期生长的影响

为探究不同植物生长调节剂对大葱苗期徒长的控制效果,研究了矮壮素、萘乙酸和烯效唑3种植物生长调节剂对大葱苗期生长的影响。结果表明,喷施3种植物生长调节剂均能显著增加大葱幼苗的根系数量、茎粗、壮苗指数和根冠比;矮壮素和烯效唑处理显著降低株高,萘乙酸处理则增加株高;矮壮素和萘乙酸处理的叶绿素含量增加,干质量增加,而喷施不同浓度烯效唑的叶片和假茎干质量在处理后35 d时分别较对照降低7.56%~31.59%和27.95%~47.33%。综合考虑大葱幼苗的形态指标和干物质分配比例,500 mg·L^(-1)烯效唑处理对大葱幼苗控制徒长的效果最好,壮苗指数和根冠比分别较对照提高111.00%和91.30%。

丛枝菌根真菌对大葱幼苗生长和矿质元素吸收的影响

以大葱品种青叶1号为试材,探讨接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对葱苗生长及矿质元素吸收的影响。结果表明,AMF与大葱根系形成了良好且稳定的共生关系,接种45 d后根段的侵染率达到83.3%。与未接种处理(CK)相比,接种AMF显著提高了葱苗的株高、假茎长、茎粗、地上部和地下部的干鲜质量、根系活力、根系表面积、光合色素含量,以及矿质营养元素N、P、K和Mn的含量,促进了健壮葱苗的培育。

Ecological Geochemistry of Selenium in the Production Base of Zhangqiu Green Chinese Onion

Based on the achievement of local ecological geochemical survey,the selenium in surface layer soil of Zhangqiu green Chinese onion within production area is systematically studied in this study.And the ecological geochemical characters of selenium both in surface layer soil and in green Chinese onions are analyzed,and the relationship between the selenium in plant and soil is discussed.The results show that soil in Zhangqiu is rich in selenium,and it is suitable to develop the selenium-rich green Chinese onion products.

The Therapeutic Effect of Onion on the Pathogenic Bacteria of Gill Rot Disease in Grass Carp

[Objective] The curative effect of onion on bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp was researched [Method] The combination method of taking medicine through oral and spraying was used to cure sick grass carp for 1 period of treatment in room under artificial conditions. [Result] Different concentrations of onion generated different cure rates. When the combination was adding 1.0% - 2.0% medicine into feed and spraying 2.0 g,/m3 - 5.0 g,/m3, the curative result was the best with cure rate was 70% -90% [ Conclusion] The onion was effective on curing bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp and could be taken as curative medicine.

6种除草剂对洋葱幼苗田间杂草防治效果及安全性评价

为探究不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗田杂草的防效以及对洋葱幼苗生长发育的影响,并为除草剂在洋葱育苗田的安全使用提供依据,采用土壤和茎叶喷雾法,测定30%辛酰溴苯腈乳油(EC)、30%烯草酮EC、20%精喹禾灵EC、70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐水剂(AS)这4种苗后除草剂以及55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC和330 g/L二甲戊灵EC这2种土壤封闭除草剂对洋葱幼苗的室内安全性、田间除草效果及对生长的影响。结果表明,6种不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗的室内安全性存在差异,30%辛酰溴苯腈EC、30%烯草酮EC和20%精喹禾灵EC等3种药剂对洋葱幼苗无药害或只有极轻微药害,洋葱叶片和植株生长正常;70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐AS处理产生3级药害;55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC对出苗率影响小,后期幼苗生长健壮;330 g/L二甲戊灵EC对出苗率影响较大,并产生了1~2级的药害。6种不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗田间杂草株防效存在差异,30%辛酰溴苯腈EC药后35 d对灰绿藜和荠等双子叶的鲜重防效均高于90%,50 d对上述双子叶杂草的鲜重防效均高于70%;70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐AS对各类杂草的鲜重防效均较差;30%烯草酮EC和20%精喹禾灵EC对狗尾草、稗、菵草等禾本科杂草鲜重防效好,前者35 d内效果良好,后者更长效;55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC作为苗期封闭能够较好地抑制各类杂草的生长,35 d洋葱幼苗生长矮状,50 d洋葱幼苗生长较CK健壮;330 g/L二甲戊灵EC封闭抑制效果不及55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC,且对洋葱幼苗生长产生抑制,不宜使用。综上,用药量为1125 mL/hm 230%辛酰溴苯腈EC对双子叶杂草防效好,用药量分别为480、255 mL/hm 2的30%烯草酮EC、20%精喹禾灵EC对禾本科杂草防效好,用药量为1650 mL/hm 2的55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC可作为苗期封闭药使用,可起到安全较好的除草效果。