A system for automated monitoring of embankment deformation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost regions

At present, the monitoring of embankment deformation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly done manually. However, the harsh climate on the plateau affects the results greatly by lowering the observation frequency, so the manual monitoring can barely meet the observational demand. This research develops a system of automated monitoring of embankment deformation, and aims to address the problems caused by the plateau climate and the perma- frost conditions in the region. The equipment consists of a monitoring module, a data collection module, a transmission module, and a data processing module. The field experiments during this program indicate that （1） the combined auto- mated monitoring device overcame the problems associated with the complicated and tough plateau environment by means of wireless transmission and automatic analysis of the embankment settlement data; （2） the calibration of the combined settlement gauge at -20 ℃ was highly accurate, with an error rate always 〈0.5%; （3） the gauge calibration at high-temperature conditions was also highly accurate, with an error rate 〈0.5% even though the surface of the instrument reached more than 50 ℃; and （4） compared with the data manually taken, the data automatically acquired during field monitoring experiments demonstrated that the combined settlement gauge and the automated monitoring system could meet the requirements of the monitoring mission in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

Swab culture monitoring of automated endoscope reprocessors after high-level disinfection

AIM:To conduct a bacterial culture study for monitoring decontamination of automated endoscope reprocessors(AERs) after high-level disinfection(HLD).METHODS:From February 2006 to January 2011,authors conducted randomized consecutive sampling each month for 7 AERs.Authors collected a total of 420 swab cultures,including 300 cultures from 5 gastroscope AERs,and 120 cultures from 2 colonoscope AERs.Swab cultures were obtained from the residual water from the AERs after a full reprocessing cycle.Samples were cultured to test for aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bacteria,and mycobacterium tuberculosis.RESULTS:The positive culture rate of the AERs was 2.0%(6/300) for gastroscope AERs and 0.8%(1/120) for colonoscope AERs.All the positive cultures,including 6 from gastroscope and 1 from colonoscope AERs,showed monofloral colonization.Of the gastroscopeAER samples,50%(3/6) were colonized by aerobic bacterial and 50%(3/6) by fungal contaminations.CONCLUSION:A full reprocessing cycle of an AER with HLD is adequate for disinfection of the machine.Swab culture is a useful method for monitoring AER decontamination after each reprocessing cycle.Fungal contamination of AERs after reprocessing should also be kept in mind.

Drill bit wear monitoring and failure prediction for mining automation

This article introduces a novel approach for tricone bit wear condition monitoring and failure prediction for surface mining applications.A successful bit health monitoring system is essential to achieve fully autonomous blasthole drilling.In this research in-situ vibration signals were analyzed in timefrequency domain and signals trend during tricone bit life span were investigated and introduced to support the development of artificial intelligence(AI)models.In addition to the signal statistical features,wavelet packet energy distribution proved to be a powerful indicator for bit wear assessment.Backpropagation artificial neural network(ANN)models were designed,trained and evaluated for bit state classification.Finally,an ANN architecture and feature vector were introduced to classify the bit condition and predict the bit failure.

The use of automatic measurement techniques in the geotechnical monitoring system of PGE GiEK S.A.,KWB Turów branch

Geotechnical monitoring currently plays a key role in the research of the processes taking place in the ground medium and preventing hazardous events.In the case of open-pit mining,several solutions are commonly used to monitor various geotechnical parameters.However,geotechnical situation is usually assessed based on recorded values of deep and surface displacement,which allow to accurately predict landslides.The measurements are most often carried out manually,which,due to the difficult terrain conditions in the case of open-pit mining,are often timeconsuming and complicated,especially taking into account dangerous landslide movements.Therefore,in order to ensure a higher degree of safety against the risk of landslides,modern solutions are required in the field of geotechnical monitoring.This article presents modern automatic measurement techniques,compares various solutions available on the market and illustrates the benefits of their application in open-pit mining.It also discusses the expansion and modernization of the control and measurement network at KWB Turów,carried out in recent years,as well as the observational method for controlling the efficiency of stackers,developed after the installation of automated measuring stations,with its impact on the geotechnical safety of an internal waste heap.The paper as a case study presents,what a modern and effective geotechnical monitoring system should look like,which in practice will ensure continuous observation of selected parameters and enable a quick response in the event of a landslide threat.Last but not least,the author focuses on the creation of an innovative landslide early warning system,implemented at KWB Turów.

Discussion on Existing Problems and the Development Trend of Electrical Automation Monitoring System

With the continuous improvement of industrial automation in our country and the use of high technology, promoted the scientific content of traditional industry. The development of electric automation control system inevitably turn towards a systematic, comprehensive development direction. This article first analyze the present problems in electrical automation monitoring system, analyzes its future development trends, so as to provide some reference for the effective application of electrical automation in the future monitoring system, fundamentally realize the resources sharing.

Early prediction of pathological outcomes to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients using automated breast ultrasound

Objective： Early assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC） for breast cancer allows therapy to be individualized. The optimal assessment method has not been established. We investigated the accuracy of automated breast ultrasound （ABUS） to predict pathological outcomes after NAC. Methods： A total of 290 breast cancer patients were eligible for this study. Tumor response after 2 cycles of chemotherapy was assessed using the product change of two largest perpendicular diameters （PC） or the longest diameter change （LDC）. PC and LDC were analyzed on the axial and the coronal planes respectively. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to evaluate overall performance of the prediction methods. Youden＇s indexes were calculated to select the optimal cut-off value for each method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values （PPV and NPV） and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） were calculated accordingly.Results： ypT0/is was achieved in 42 patients （14.5%） while ypT0 was achieved in 30 patients （10.3%） after NAC. All four prediction methods （PC on axial planes, LDC on axial planes, PC on coronal planes and LDC on coronal planes） displayed high AUCs （all〉0.82）, with the highest of 0.89 [95% confidence interval （95% CI）, 0.83-0.95] when mid-treatment ＆BUS was used to predict final pathological complete remission （pCR）. High sensitivities （85.7%-88.1%） were observed across all four prediction methods while high specificities （81.5%-85.1%） were observed in two methods used PC. The optimal cut-off values defined by our data replicate the WHO and the RECIST criteria. Lower AUCs were observed when mid-treatment ABUS was used to predict poor pathological outcomes. Conclusions：ABUS is a useful tool in early evaluation of pCR after NAC while less reliable when predicting poor pathological outcomes.

Laboratory-Scale Evaluation of Single Analyte Bacterial Monitoring Strategies in Water Injection Systems

Microbial activity is the cause of a variety of problems in water injection systems, e.g., microbial corrosion, plugging, and biofouling. Efficient monitoring of Saudi Aramco’s vast water injection system requires the development of online and automated technologies for monitoring microbial activities in the system. A previous system review and technology screening has identified five single-analyte strategies [1], which were evaluated in this study with a laboratory-scale setup to determine their applicability for automated determination of microbial activity in the injection water system. Four of the five single-analyte measuring principles tested in the laboratory setup were deemed less suitable for automation and/or reliable for use in the detection of microbial activity in the company injection water system. These four principles were: luminescence assay for adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP), detection and electrochemical measurements of H2S, determination of pH by electrochemical sensor, and measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The strategy of staining cells with fluorescent DNA dyes, followed by quantification of fluorescence signals, was identified to hold, with proper optimization of DNA staining and fluorescence detection, a very promising potential for integration in automated, online sensors for microbial activity in the injection water system.

Validation of Autonomous Microbe Sensor Prototype for Monitoring of Microorganisms in Injection Seawater Systems

Microbial growth in the water injection system is a well-known problem with severe operational and financial consequences for the petroleum industry, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reduced injectivity, reservoir plugging, production downtime, and extensive repair costs. Monitoring of system microbiology is required in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. In previous studies [1] [2], DNA staining technology with SYBR Green dye was evaluated to have a sufficient detection limit and automation potential for real-time detection of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco injection seawater. In this study, technical requirements and design solutions were defined, and an autonomous microbe sensor (AMS) prototype was constructed, tested and optimized in the laboratory, and validated in the field for automated detection of microorganisms in the harsh Saudi Arabia desert environment and injection seawater. The AMS prototype was able to monitor and follow the general microbial status in the system, including detection of periods with increased microbial growth or decreased microbial numbers following biocide injection. The infield AMS detection limit was 105 cells/mL. The long-term field testing also identified the areas for technical improvement and optimization for further development of a more robust and better performing commercial microbial sensing device.

Information Monitoring Technology for Support Structure of Railway Tunnel During Operation

In the process of railway construction, because of the inconvenience ofgeological condition, water bursting and mud surging happen frequently, and the laterdeformation of support structure on the happening geology section would threaten thenormal running of railway. The limit difference of deformation control value of thesupport structure section where geological accidents frequently happen, is small, andartificial half-automatic supervisory technology cannot get the health condition of tunnelin time, resulting many cars speed-down accidents due to deformation of supportstructure. Through design innovation, we introduce TGMIS in the later period ofYanzishan railway construction to quickly capture the deformation of support structure,the strain of lining concrete, the strain of steel frame, stress of surrounding soil, stress ofsurrounding water, strain of second lining steel bar and other situ data. Also we setobservation prism and measuring robot device in specific position inside tunnel, androbot laser locator laser spot is projected onto reflection target surface, by graphicprocessing algorithm, the receiver calculates the measured value and standard value ofthe 3D coordinates of the laser spot. Then the information is transmitted throughtransmitting device, transducer and USB-485 to computer to predict and evaluate thehealth condition of the support structure of the tunnel so as to provide safety warninginformation. Provide timely and reliable data for the operation company to avoid theoccurrence of vicious accidents.

e-Automation,an Architecture for Distributed Industrial Automation Systems

Due to the complexity of modern industrial systems, a conventional automation system is not capable of providing sufficient information management and high-level intelligent approaches, as achieving these functionalities requires the support of comprehensive data management and coordination between system devices and heterogenous information. This paper proposes the concept of e-Automation, in which computer networking and distributed intelligence agent technologies are applied to industrial automation systems, and presents a hardware and software architecture that implements this concept. An open infrastructure based on multi-agent systems is employed in the proposed architecture of e-Automation, which aims to allow the implementation of diverse tasks and to permit greater configurability than can be obtained from a traditional system. To evaluate our proposed e-Automation concept, this paper presents a case study of substation information management which adopts the proposed e-Automation architecture in power system domain.

A Low-Cost,Real-Time Rooftop IoT-Based Photovoltaic(PV)System for Energy Management and Home Automation

This work discusses the importance of monitoring and energy management of green energy resources in order to minimize the negative impacts of electricity generation by regular power plants.The paper introduces a highly efficient,low-cost rooftop photovoltaics(PV)solar panel system which can provide monitoring,controlling and automation.The proposed system is based on Internet of Things(IoT)and can be used to control different utilities in any premises automatically or set by the user-defined priority list,as compared to the existing IoT-based PV systems which can only perform monitoring and maintenance of the PV panels or only certain parameters,i.e.,temperature,dust,etc.This is a new step in improving the efficiency of IoT-based PV system where the facility loads are automated by the IoT network.The proposed system can also provide a constant feedback about different parameters,i.e.,voltage,dust,sun irradiance and humidity,etc.,via low-cost open-source platforms for telemonitoring and controlling purposes.The simulation results showthat the proposed system provides a high efficiency to energize the utilities and utilize the available energy as compared to the manual control.

Research on Improving the Power Monitor Function

The contradiction of the relay protection with other task has been solved by double CPU’s structure in this comprehensive monitor. Thus the speed of the data processing has raised and the requirement of relay protection and the real bine monitoring has all been satisfied. The input precision of the fault current and the rated current has been assured respectively by applying the relay protection CT and measurement CT. The algorithm of FFT with or without the difference has remarkably raised the precision of the protective measurement and removed the influence of the attenuation DC component in the fault current. Thus the accuracy and reliability of the protective trigger has been raised greatly.

基于静力水准的采空区地表变形监测及误差分析

目前,采空区上方的地表沉降变形监测主要采用人工水准仪测量,该方法效率低、成本高、周期长,且无法实现自动化实时监测。为解决上述问题,引入静力水准自动化监测技术,在分析静力水准自动化监测工作原理及监测系统构成的基础上,对其可靠性、误差来源及消除方法进行了深入探讨,最后结合条带采空区上方地表监测实例从监测方案、测点布置、数据分析等多个角度进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:该技术能够满足条带采空区上方地表沉降变形自动化监测的要求,可为相关监测工作提供技术支撑。

数字化技术在5G基站电磁辐射监测中的应用

介绍了一个基站电磁辐射数字化检测平台,该平台利用5G+互联网技术,实现了基站电磁辐射原始监测数据、频谱图的实时上传,以及基站电磁辐射监测的全要素、全流程管理,并结合CNAS实验室认可要求介绍了数字化检测系统投入应用时的注意事项。

测量机器人在地铁隧道自动化监测中的应用

在轨道交通的建设与养护中受到地质条件、轨道交通周围建筑物、本身承载等各种因素的作用,地铁轨道可能会发生变形,而长春所处的地理位置大多处于不透水层及含水性材料极微处,产生变形概率较大,所以采取相应的检测手段变得特别关键,而自动化变形检测系统可以取代传统测量方法对地铁轨道系统进行位移与沉降的变化检测。该文结合测量机器人在地铁隧道自动化监测,并结合工程实际,对利用测量机器人获取的数据进行全面的研究和分析。结果表明,使用测量机器人进行自动化监测具有较高的稳定性。

岩土工程表面变形监测应用技术现状分析与发展思考

本文从表面变形监测技术现状出发,阐述其技术发展历程,针对建(构)筑物、边(滑)坡、地基基础、地下工程等不同工程类型的特点,结合国家现行技术标准要求,分析当前表面变形监测方法的适用性、存在问题及可能的解决办法。分析认为:自动化监测代表当前表面变形监测发展的主流;面监测为下一阶段表面变形监测发展的重要方向;基于近景摄影测量的表面变形监测技术具有较好的发展前景。

人行地通道下穿既有房屋基础改造工程案例分析

某新建人行地通道需要下穿既有房屋基础,需进行基础托换。对此类涉及既有房屋基础的改造工程,首先进行既有房屋的安全性鉴定,再根据鉴定结果以及业主需求进行改造设计,后由施工方按设计图纸进行施工。在施工过程中,采用了自动化监测措施,确保了施工顺利进行。该文介绍了某人行地通道下穿既有房屋基础改造工程过程,为类似工程实践提供一定的建议及借鉴。

城市国土空间监测初探

城市国土空间监测是我国首次基于土地利用大规模对城市自然资源和人文地理要素实施全面监测的一项重要举措,是一项涉及行业众多,时间和空间尺度各不相同,内容繁杂的科技工程。本文通过试点探索项目关键技术和作业流程,总结组织管理和实施中的问题,为《技术方案(征求意见稿)》(自然资调查函[2022]30号和36号)提出补充完善意见,提升生产效率和质量,归纳可复制,可推广的经验,形成一套行之有效的管理模式,推动城市国土空间监测项目关键技术创新。

基于新媒体平台的信息通信网络自动化监测系统

信息通信网络监测效果在一定程度上影响了网络运行质量,在不影响网络运行进程的前提下,从硬件和软件两个方面,优化设计基于新媒体平台的信息通信网络自动化监测系统。加设新媒体数据采集器,改装网络数据处理器和监测服务器,调整系统电路的连接方式。在确定的网络测点位置上安装硬件设备,利用新媒体平台自动采集信息通信网络实时数据,从时域方面提取网络数据特征,得出网络入侵状态、流量、通信速率、传输时延等参数的监测结果,实现系统的自动化监测功能。通过系统测试实验得出,与传统监测系统相比,优化设计系统得出通信流量和速率监测误差分别降低0.09 GB和0.06 GB/min,同时系统监测面积扩大约76%。

双面棱镜现场检校和标定技术研究

全站仪组网监测项目中,控制网精度决定监测精度,为解决全站仪组网监测控制网精度较差的问题,对传递控制坐标设备双面棱镜装配结构及测量原理进行深入研究,提出一种有效的解决方案,通过标定双面棱镜左右侧常数来保证双面棱镜中心唯一,以减少坐标传递误差,从而提高整个监测控制网精度。另外,由于双面棱镜制造精度较差,对全站仪测量中双面棱镜的角度、距离误差进行理论研究,提出一种采用全站仪对双面棱镜测量常数进行现场检校、标定的方法,该方法对外部测量环境要求低,操作简单,现场实际标定常数较厂家提供常数的精度有大幅提高,并在某地铁监测项目进行验证,全站仪组网监测精度提高约1 mm,具有较高的实用价值。