Characteristics of long-distance mobile mRNAs from shoot to root in grafted plant species

Thousands of long-distance mobile mRNAs were identified from different grafting systems,based on high-throughput sequencing technology.Moreover,the long-distance delivery of RNAs was proved to involve multiple mechanisms.Here,we analyzed the homology,motif,and tRNA-like structure(TLS)of long-distance mobile mRNAs identified by RNA-seq as well as the RNA-binding protein(RBP)in nine grafting combinations including Arabidopsis thaliana,Vitis vinifera,Cucumis sativus,Citrullus lanatus,Nicotiana benthamiana,Malus domestica,Pyrus spp.,Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris.Although several mRNAs were found to be shared in herbaceous,woody,and related species,the vast majority of long-distance mobile mRNAs were species-specific.Four non-specific movement-related motifs were identified,while the TLS was not necessary for mRNA long distance mobility.In addition,we found that RBPs were conserved among herbaceous and woody plants as well as related species.This paper reports a further in-depth analysis of the endogenous mechanisms by which the species-specific transportable m RNAs were selected by bioinformatics,in order to provide insights for future research on long-distance mobile mRNAs.

Shaking table test study on performance and functionality of a typical telecommunication room after earthquakes

Large numbers of basic transceiver stations,where the telecommunication room is one of the main components,comprise an important part of the telecommunication system.After earthquakes,considerable economic loss from telecommunication systems is often associated with seismic damage and functional loss of the telecommunication room.However,research related to this has been limited.In this study,shaking table tests were conducted for a full-scale typical telecommunication room,including a light-steel house and the necessary communication and power supply equipment.The tests not only focused on the seismic damage to all the structures but also considered the functions of the communication and power supply of the equipment.The interactions between these facilities and their effects on communication function were also investigated.Compared with the damage to structures,the interruption of the power supply due to earthquakes is a weak link.Finally,the damage indexes,together with their threshold values of different damage states for the communication and power supply equipment,were derived from the test results.The results of this research can contribute to the literature gaps regarding seismic performance studies of telecommunication rooms,and can serve as a valuable reference for future research on its seismic fragility and economic losses evaluation.

Water hammer protection for diversion systems in front of pumps in long-distance water supply projects

For a water supply system with long-distance diversion pipelines, in addition to the water hammer problems that occur beyond pumps, the safety of the water diversion pipeline in front of pumps also deserves attention. In this study, a water hammer protection scheme combined with an overflow surge tank and a regulating valve was developed. A mathematical model of the overflow surge tank was developed, and an analytical formula for the height of the overflow surge tank was derived. Furthermore, a practical water supply project was used to evaluate the feasibility of the combined protection scheme and analyze the sensitivity of valve regulation rules. The results showed that the combined protection scheme effectively reduced the height of the surge tank, lessened the difficulties related to construction, and reduced the necessary financial investment for the project. The two-stage closing rule articulated as fast first and then slow could minimize the overflow volume of the surge tank when the power failure occurred, while the two-stage opening rule articulated as slow first and then fast could be more conducive to the safety of the water supply system when the pump started up.

Arithmetic Optimization with Deep Learning Enabled Churn Prediction Model for Telecommunication Industries

Customer retention is one of the challenging issues in different business sectors,and variousfirms utilize customer churn prediction(CCP)process to retain existing customers.Because of the direct impact on the company revenues,particularly in the telecommunication sector,firms are needed to design effective CCP models.The recent advances in machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)models enable researchers to introduce accurate CCP models in the telecom-munication sector.CCP can be considered as a classification problem,which aims to classify the customer into churners and non-churners.With this motivation,this article focuses on designing an arithmetic optimization algorithm(AOA)with stacked bidirectional long short-term memory(SBLSTM)model for CCP.The proposed AOA-SBLSTM model intends to proficiently forecast the occurrence of CC in the telecommunication industry.Initially,the AOA-SBLSTM model per-forms pre-processing to transform the original data into a useful format.Besides,the SBLSTM model is employed to categorize data into churners and non-chur-ners.To improve the CCP outcomes of the SBLSTM model,an optimal hyper-parameter tuning process using AOA is developed.A widespread simulation analysis of the AOA-SBLSTM model is tested using a benchmark dataset with 3333 samples and 21 features.The experimental outcomes reported the promising performance of the AOA-SBLSTM model over the recent approaches.

CDR2IMG:A Bridge from Text to Image in Telecommunication Fraud Detection

Telecommunication fraud has run rampant recently worldwide.However,previous studies depend highly on expert knowledge-based feature engineering to extract behavior information,which cannot adapt to the fastchanging modes of fraudulent subscribers.Therefore,we propose a new taxonomy that needs no hand-designed features but directly takes raw Call DetailRecords(CDR)data as input for the classifier.Concretely,we proposed a fraud detectionmethod using a convolutional neural network(CNN)by taking CDR data as images and applying computer vision techniques like image augmentation.Comprehensive experiments on the real-world dataset from the 2020 Digital Sichuan Innovation Competition show that our proposed method outperforms the classic methods in many metrics with excellent stability in both the changes of quantity and the balance of samples.Compared with the state-of-the-art method,the proposed method has achieved about 89.98%F1-score and 92.93%AUC,improving 2.97%and 0.48%,respectively.With the augmentation technique,the model’s performance can be further enhanced by a 91.09%F1-score and a 94.49%AUC respectively.Beyond telecommunication fraud detection,our method can also be extended to other text datasets to automatically discover new features in the view of computer vision and its powerful methods.

Big Data Analytics in Telecommunications: Literature Review and Architecture Recommendations

This paper focuses on facilitating state-of-the-art applications of big data analytics(BDA) architectures and infrastructures to telecommunications(telecom) industrial sector.Telecom companies are dealing with terabytes to petabytes of data on a daily basis. Io T applications in telecom are further contributing to this data deluge. Recent advances in BDA have exposed new opportunities to get actionable insights from telecom big data. These benefits and the fast-changing BDA technology landscape make it important to investigate existing BDA applications to telecom sector. For this, we initially determine published research on BDA applications to telecom through a systematic literature review through which we filter 38 articles and categorize them in frameworks, use cases, literature reviews, white papers and experimental validations. We also discuss the benefits and challenges mentioned in these articles. We find that experiments are all proof of concepts(POC) on a severely limited BDA technology stack(as compared to the available technology stack), i.e.,we did not find any work focusing on full-fledged BDA implementation in an operational telecom environment. To facilitate these applications at research-level, we propose a state-of-the-art lambda architecture for BDA pipeline implementation(called Lambda Tel) based completely on open source BDA technologies and the standard Python language, along with relevant guidelines.We discovered only one research paper which presented a relatively-limited lambda architecture using the proprietary AWS cloud infrastructure. We believe Lambda Tel presents a clear roadmap for telecom industry practitioners to implement and enhance BDA applications in their enterprises.

Influence of rooftop telecommunication tower on set back-step back building resting on different ground slopes

In the hilly region due to scarcity of the plain area, buildings like set back-step back are more often used and also as a big surge in the telecommunication industries, rooftop tower adaptation is very common story nowadays. In the present study an analogy has been drawn to find out the influence of the rooftop telecommunication tower on the setback-step back building resting on ground at 20° and 30° slopes. A dynamic analysis has been performed and compared on the 4 legged angled section telecommunication tower which is located on the roof top of set back-step back building by varying positions of tower with the existing host structure built up on ground slope of 20° and 30° in both directions(X and Y).

Fiber-based joint time and frequency dissemination via star-shaped commercial telecommunication network

A fiber-based, star-shaped joint time and frequency dissemination scheme is demonstrated. By working in cooperation with the existing commercial telecommunication network. Our scheme enables the frequency, time, and digital data networks to be integrated together and could represent an ideal option of interconnection among scientific institutions.The compensation functions of the time and frequency transfer scheme are set at the client nodes. The complexity of the central node is thus reduced, and future expansion by the addition of further branches will be accomplished more easily.During a performance test in which the ambient temperature fluctuation is 30℃/day, timing signal dissemination stability is achieved to be approximately ±50 ps along 25-km-long fiber spools. After calibration, a timing signal synchronization accuracy of 100 ps is also realized. The proposed scheme offers an option of the construction of large-scale fiber-based frequency and time transfer networks.

Study on the Technology of Supplying Water Safely by Long-Distance Pipeline

The extensively built long-distance water transmission pipelines have become the main water sources for urban areas. To ensure the reliability and safety of the water supply, from the viewpoint of overall management, it would be necessary to establish a system of information management for the pipeline. The monitoring, calculating and analyzing functions of the system serve to give controlling instructions and safe operating rules to the automatic equipment and technician, making sure the resistance coefficient distribution along the pipeline is reasonable; the hydraulic state transition is smooth when operating conditions change or water supply accidents occur, avoiding the damage of water hammer. This paper covered the composition structures of the information management system of long-distance water transmission pipelines and the functions of the subsystems, and finally elaborated on the approaches and steps of building a mathematics model for the analysis of dynamic hydraulic status.

Study on the long-distance target apperception techniques for underwater vehicles

The limited physical size for autonomous underwater vehicles （AUV） or unmanned underwater vehicles （UUV） makes it difficult to acquire enough space gain for localizing long-distance targets. A new technique about long-distance target apperception with passive synthetic aperture array for underwater vehicles is presented. First, a synthetic aperture-processing algorithm based on the FFT transform in the beam space （BSSAP） is introduced. Then, the study on the flank array passive long-distance apperception techniques in the frequency scope of 11-18 kHz is implemented from the view of improving array gains, detection probability and augmenting detected range under a certain sea environment. The results show that the BSSAP algorithm can extend the aperture effectively and improve detection probability. Because of the augment of the transmission loss, the detected range has the trend of decline with the increase of frequency under the same target source level. The synthesized array could improve the space gain by nearly 7 dB and SNR is increased by about 5 dB. The detected range is enhanced to nearly 2 km under the condition of 108-118 dB of the target source level for AUV system in measurement interval of nearly 1 s.

Long-distance propagation of pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams in atmospheric turbulence

Propagation properties of spatially pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams through the atmo- spheric turbulence over a long-distance uplink path are studied by numerical simulation. A linear coordination trans- formation is introduced to overcome the window effect and the loss-of-resolution problem. The beam spreading, beam wandering, and intensity scintillation as functions of turbulence strength, source correlation length, and change fre- quency of random phase that models the partial coherence of the source are analyzed. It is found that the beam spreading and the intensity scintillation of the partially coherent beam are less affected by the turbulence than those of the coherent one, but it suffers from a more severe diffractive effect, and the change frequency of random phase has no evident influence on it. The beam wandering is insensitive to the variation of source correlation length, and decreases firstly then goes to a fixed value as the change frequency increases.

PV-Wind-Diesel System for Energy Supply on Remote Area Applied for Telecommunication Towers in Comoros

The Comoros is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean located in the Mozambique Channel between the African continent and Madagascar. Geographically Comoros is composed of four islands: Grande Comores, Anjouan, Mohéli and Mayotte (under French administration). Apart from Mayotte, the others three independent islands commonly known as the Union of the Comoros are suffering from energy stress since their independence year 1975 until nowadays. The energy supplied and distributed by the national electricity company, SONELEC produced by diesel engines, is not stable with so much load shedding all the time. This instability energy leads to a lack of a phone network in some telecommunications towers connected to grid. The majority of telecommunications towers are located in rural areas not connected to grid and running on diesel generators, which once again leads to a problem with the telecommunications network when diesel engines fail. The two competing companies which operate in the field of telecommunications in the Comoros, namely Comores Télécom, a national public company and Telma, the private one, are still unable to ensure the provision of the telecommunications network on a regular basis. This is why we propose in the present work, a sizing of hybrid system composed essentially of a diesel generator, a wind turbine and a photovoltaic solar system with storage in batteries for supplying telecommunications towers in order to permanently ensure the provision of the telecommunications network for the well-being of the population. Our future energy must be based on non-polluting energies with significant resources. Renewable energies are the best candidates but with intermittent production especially in rural areas not connected to the national electricity grid whose energy demand is more important to meet the needs of the population. The aim of this work is the sizing of a hybrid system composed of a diesel generator, a wind turbine and a photovoltaic solar system with storage in batteries for supplying telecommunications towers located in rural areas in the Comoros. In fact, to verify the performance of the hybrid system, a numerical study has been carried out with the HOMER 2.68 Beta software using meteorological data from the Comoros. The results obtained show that this hybrid combination is more profitable in the margin of economic cost and environmental assessments with a less expensive investment. These results also show a better optimization of Wind/PV/Battery of the hybrid system used, satisfying the demand and contributing to the preservation of the environment to fight against climate change with a low cost of energy.

Criterions and Measures of Route Selection of Shallowly Embedded Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline in Mountain Areas

According to the engineering investigation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, the criterions and measures of route selection are drawn as follows： the flat landform is the first choice in route alignment. The foot of mountain is the first choice when the route passes by the valley. The route should pass by but the shady and deposited slope and not in sunny and erosive slope as possible as it can. The pipeline should be vertical to contour climbing and descending the mountain except steep slope. Tunnel can be used in crossing foothill. Perpendicularly traversing the river is better than beveling; the worst choice is to put the pipeline along the river. Bypass is the best choice in karsts area. The order of route selection should be pre-choosing, investigation, optimization and adjustment.

Optimizing the Asset and Liability Management of Telecommunication Company using Goal Programming Model

Since the telecommunications companies experience great competition,high churn rate,data traffic issues during the Covid-19 pandemic and the upgrade to 5G connectivity,the finance management of a telecommunications company should be analyzed to study the volatility and returns in the sector.This paper aims to develop a goal programming model to examine the asset and liability management of a telecommunication company,namely Telekom Malaysia Berhad(TM)in Malaysia.The result of this study shows that TM has achieved all the goals in maximizing assets,equities,profits,earnings and optimum management item while minimizing liabilities over the period of study from 2015 to 2019.Potential improvements on these goals have also been identified through this study.This paper has also contributed to the studies in financial management since past studies have not been done on asset and liability management in telecommunications companies which is rapidly growing and expanding even while the world is suffering from economy crisis during this pandemic.

Exploring Enterprise Performance Indicators Network： A Case Study of China Telecommunication Industry

Performance indicators play some important roles in enterprise operation.Both researchers and managers have recently pointed out that the identification of correlation between different performance indicators may lead to a better understanding of business.However,it is becoming more and more difficult to measure and analyze these indicators since the fast growing number of performance indicators and the complex relationships between them.The existing categories failed to reflect these changes in an adequate way,and the quantitative analysis methods for identifying the characters of those performance indicators are still worthy of investigation.The main objective of this paper is to propose a practical methodology for managing and analyzing performance indicators in enterprises,which focuses on building up a performance indicator system and discovering the characters of those performance indicators by applying complex network methods.The empirical results of a telecommunication enterprise show that the proposed method can be effective in understanding the correlations between performance indicators.

Telecommunications Market and Regulation in India and Ireland

Information and communications technology is apillar industry in India and Ireland,playing an increasinglyimportant role in promoting the economicand social development.Full market competitionpromotes the rapid development of the telecommunicationsindustry.Effective market regulation andconstant legal system improvement can promote thesmooth development of the telecommunicationsindustry.Use of new technology promotes a sustainabledevelopment of the telecommunicationsindustry.It is proposed that the pace of telecommunicationslegislation in China should be furtherquickened,telecommunications market structureoptimized,and telecommunications regulationstrengthened.

Telecommunications reforms in Pakistan-lessons and suggestions for China

The worldwide strategy for the development of telecommunications has been the opening of the telecom sector to competition and private investment.This paper focuses on telecommunications reforms and its outcomes in Pakistan and discusses some lessons and suggestions for China who is still in the process of formulating telecom law.After liberalization and deregulation,telecom industry in Pakistan is tremendously growing and is in a transition phase from the monopoly to the competition.Government policies and independent regulator is playing critical role in this growth.This paper suggests that speed up formulation of Telecom Law,establishment of independent regulatory and antitrust agencies are need of time for the China telecom industry.Further,China will have to give special attention to accommodate convergence in its coming model of telecommunications reforms.

The Coevolutionary Relationship of Technology, Market and Government Regulation in Telecommunications

The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunications is discussed briefly, and then we introduce technology and government into the traditional SCP(Structure – Conduct – Performance) paradigm to develop an industry analysis framework called TGM(SCP)(Technology – Government – Market(Structure – Conduct – Performance)). Based on this framework, we present the spiral coevolution model which elaborates on the interaction mechanism of technological innovation with government regulation and market dynamics from the perspective of industry evolution. Our study indicates that the development of the telecommunications industry is the result of the coevolution of technology, government regulation and market forces, and among the three actors, technology is the fundamental driving force. Relative to the "invisible hand"(market) and "visible hand"(government), we conceptualize technology as the "third hand", which fundamentally drives the development of telecommunications industry in coordination with the other two hands. We also provide several policy implications regarding these findings.

Radio Network Planning and Optimization for 5G Telecommunication System Based on Physical Constraints

The paper mainly focuses on the network planning and optimization problem in the 5G telecommunication system based on the numerical investigation.There have been two portions of this work,such as network planning for efficient network models and optimization of power allocation in the 5G network.The radio network planning process has been completed based on a specific area.The data rate requirement can be solved by allowing the densification of the system by deploying small cells.The radio network planning scheme is the indispensable platform in arranging a wireless network that encounters convinced coverage method,capacity,and Quality of Service necessities.In this study,the eighty micro base stations and two-hundred mobile stations are deployed in the-15km×15km wide selected area in the Yangon downtown area.The optimization processes were also analyzed based on the source and destination nodes in the 5G network.The base stations’location is minimized and optimized in a selected geographical area with the linear programming technique and analyzed in this study.