Research on the Long-distance Transmission

In view of the imbalanced distribution of power load and resources, including the status of “electric shortage” in some cities in our country, the article discusses the long-distance transmission technology. It mainly analyzed two ways of the long-distance transmission: UHV AC transmission and UHV DC transmission. The fractional frequency transmission technology and half wavelength AC transmission technology of AC transmission are introduced. Some key technologies of long-distance transmission are described. It has a guess for long-distance transmission future direction.

Study on the Technology of Supplying Water Safely by Long-Distance Pipeline

The extensively built long-distance water transmission pipelines have become the main water sources for urban areas. To ensure the reliability and safety of the water supply, from the viewpoint of overall management, it would be necessary to establish a system of information management for the pipeline. The monitoring, calculating and analyzing functions of the system serve to give controlling instructions and safe operating rules to the automatic equipment and technician, making sure the resistance coefficient distribution along the pipeline is reasonable; the hydraulic state transition is smooth when operating conditions change or water supply accidents occur, avoiding the damage of water hammer. This paper covered the composition structures of the information management system of long-distance water transmission pipelines and the functions of the subsystems, and finally elaborated on the approaches and steps of building a mathematics model for the analysis of dynamic hydraulic status.

Efficient utilization of wind power： Long-distance transmission or local consumption？

Excess wind power produced in wind-inten- sive areas is normally delivered to remote load centers via long-distance transmission lines. This paper presents a comparison between long-distance transmission, which has gained popularity, and local energy consumption, in which a fraction of the generated wind power can be locally consumed by energy-intensive industries. First, the challenges and solutions to the long-distance transmission and local consumption of wind power are presented. Then, the two approaches to the utilization of wind power are compared in terms of system security, reliability, cost, and capability to utilize wind energy. Finally, the economic feasibility and technical feasibility of the local consumption of wind power are demonstrated by a large and isolated industrial power system, or supermicrogrid, in China. The coal-fired generators together with the shortterm interruptible electrolytic aluminum load in the supermicrogrid are able to compensate for the intermit- tency of wind power. In the long term, the transfer of high- energy-consumption industries to wind-rich areas and their local consumption of the available wind power are beneficial.

4.096 Tbit/s multidimensional multiplexing signals transmission over 1000 km few mode fiber

We experimentally transmit eight wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)channels,16 quadratic-amplitude-modulation(QAM)signals at 32-GBaud,over 1000 km few mode fiber(FMF).In this experiment,we use WDM,mode division multiplexing,and polarization multiplexing for signal transmission.Through the multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)equalization algorithms,we achieve the total line transmission rate of 4.096 Tbit/s.The results prove that the bit error rates(BERs)for the16QAM signals after 1000 km FMF transmission are below the soft-decision forward-error-correction(SD-FEC)threshold of2.4×10^(-2),and the net rate reaches 3.413 Tbit/s.Our proposed system provides a reference for the future development of high-capacity communication.

Seeing at a distance with multicore fibers

Images and videos provide a wealth of information for people in production and life.Although most digital information is transmitted via optical fiber,the image acquisition and transmission processes still rely heavily on electronic circuits.The development of all-optical transmission networks and optical computing frameworks has pointed to the direction for the next generation of data transmission and information processing.Here,we propose a high-speed,low-cost,multiplexed parallel and one-piece all-fiber architecture for image acquisition,encoding,and transmission,called the Multicore Fiber Acquisition and Transmission Image System(MFAT).Based on different spatial and modal channels of the multicore fiber,fiber-coupled self-encoding,and digital aperture decoding technology,scenes can be observed directly from up to 1 km away.The expansion of capacity provides the possibility of parallel coded transmission of multimodal high-quality data.MFAT requires no additional signal transmitting and receiving equipment.The all-fiber processing saves the time traditionally spent on signal conversion and image pre-processing(compression,encoding,and modulation).Additionally,it provides an effective solution for 2D information acquisition and transmission tasks in extreme environments such as high temperatures and electromagnetic interference.

Importers Drive Leaf-to-Leaf Jasmonic Acid Transmission in Wound-Induced Systemic Immunity

The transmission of mobile wound signals along the phloem pathway is essential to the activation of wound-induced systemic response/resistance,which requires an upsurge of jasmonic acid(JA)in the distal undamaged leaves.Among these mobile signals,the electrical signal mediated by the glutamate-dependent activation of several clade three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE(GLR3)proteins is involved in the stimulation of JA production in distal leaves.However,whether JA acts as a mobile wound signal and,if so,how it is transmitted and interacts with the electrical signal remain unclear.Here,we show that JA was translocated from the local to distal leaves in Arabidopsis,and this process was predominantly regulated by two phloem-expressed and plasma membrane-localized jasmonate transporters,AtJAT3 and AtJAT4.In addition to the cooperation between AtJAT3/4 and GLR3.3 in the regulation of long-distance JA translocation,our findings indicate that importer-mediated cell-cell JA transport is important for driving the loading and translocation of JA in the phloem pathway in a self-propagating manner.

大型隔压热力站换热器选型

以古交兴能电厂至太原城区长输管网隔压热力站为例,分析大型隔压热力站换热器选型方法。大型隔压热力站的换热器选型应综合考虑换热器配置数量、总阻力、清洗便捷程度、经济性等因素。

Stomatal movement in response to long distance-communicated signals initiated by heat shock in partial roots of Commelina communis L.

The systematic or long-distance signal transmission plays crucial roles inanimal lives. Compared with animals, however, much less is known about the roles of long-distancesignal communication in plant lives. Using the model plant Commelina communisL, we have probed theroot to shoot communication mediated by heat-shock signals. The results showed that a heat shock of5 min at 40°C in partial roots, i.e. half or even 1/4 root system, could lead to a significantdecrease in stomatal conductance. The regulation capability depends on both heat shock temperatureand the amount of root system, i.e. with higher temperature and more roots stressed, the leafconductance would decrease more significantly. Interestingly, the stomatal regulation by heat shocksignal is in a manner of oscillation: when stomata conductance decreased to the lowest level withinabout 30 min, it would increase rapidly and sometimes even exceed the initial level, and afterseveral cycles the stomata conductance would be finallystabilized at a lower level. Feeding xylemsap collected from heat-shocked plants could lead to a decrease in stomata conductance, suggestingthat the heat shock-initiated signal is basically a positive signal. Further studies showed thatheat shock wasnot able to affect ABA content in xylem sap, and also, not able to lead to a decreasein leaf water status, which suggested that the stomatal regulation was neither mediated by ABA norby a hydraulic signal. Heat shock could lead to an increase in xylemsap H_2O_2 content, andmoreover, the removal of H_2O_2 by catalase could partially recover the stomatal inhibition by xylemsap collected from heat-shocked plants, suggesting that H_2O_2 might be able to act as one of theroot signals to control the stomatal movement. Due to the fact that heat-shock and drought areusually two concomitant stresses, the stomatal regulation by heat-shock signal should be ofsignificance for plant response to stresses. The observation for the stomatal regulation in anoscillation manner by presently identified new signals should contribute to further understanding ofthe mystery for the pant systematic signaling in response to stresses.