Utilization of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention Services, and Associated Factors among the Long-Distance Truck Drivers along the Northern Corridor Highway, Kenya

Background: Often, long-distance truck drivers’ (LDTDs’) work predisposes them to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) whose outcomes are influenced by access and behavior of seeking sexual health care. Methodology: In this study, we assessed the utilization of HIV/STI preventive services and associated factors among 296 LDTDs operating along the northern corridor highway using an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection at Mlolongo stopover in Machakos, Kenya. Responses for the investigated variables, including condom use, history of HIV testing, frequency of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and follow-up for the HIV positive and STI treatment, were assigned a score of either 1 or 0 depending on the question’s dimension. Following summing up for each participant, we computed a weighted score ranging between 0 and 1 by dividing the summed responses by the number of eligible variables. We arbitrarily multiplied these scores by 8 to generate endpoint scores ranging from one to eight for each participant to help create a dichotomized outcome variable for utilization levels: limited utilization (1 to 4) and good utilization (5 to 8). Association between certain independent variables and the outcome variable (level of utilization of H.I.V./STIs preventive services) was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis in R statistical software. Results: The mean age of the LDTDs was 38.4 years, ranging from 24 - 57 years. The majority (n = 287, 97%) of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV at least once since the beginning of their career. Only 4.9% of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV within the previous three months. Of the 175 LDTDs who reported a history of STI, most (n = 173, 98.9%) of them had sought treatment. Condom use rates were higher (97.1%) among the LDTDs who had sexual interactions with casual sexual partners compared to 47.2% among regular sexual partners. Analyses classed most of the respondents (n = 231, 78.0%) as having good utilization, while the rest (22%) had limited utilization. History of STI was independently associated with utilizing HIV/STI preventive services (OR 8.4;95% CI;4.5, 16.7;P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although most of the LDTDs were classed to have good utilization of HIV/STI preventive services, the uptake of subsequent HIV testing services among them was low at only 4.9%. The association of STI history with utilization levels that we determined supports policies of integrating HIV and STI services in the delivery of sexual healthcare provision among LDTDs.

Seroprevalence Survey of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus and Behavioral Characteristics among Heavy Truck Drivers along Port Sudan-Khartoum Highways

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) and hepatitis B virus among heavy truck drivers and their assistants has been well documented globally in correlation with their behavioral characteristics. The present study aimed to screen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and behavioral characteristics among heavy truck drivers in Port Sudan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 274 heavy truck drivers and their assistants who used the highway Port Sudan-Khartoum in Port Sudan city during 2019-2021. Data on behavioral characteristics and substance use habits were collected using a structured questionnaire, and an ELISA test was used to screen for HIV and HBV infections in the study participants. The chi-square test, odds ratio, and confidence intervals were used to find the association between behavioral characteristics and seropositive HIV/HBV. Of the 274 enrolled participants, the seroprevalence rates of HIV were 2.7% and HBV was 23.7%. Ninety-four (34.3%) of them had a history of high-risk sexual behavior outside of marriage;only two (0.7%) used condoms;14.2% of participants reported alcohol use;and 1.1% reported drug use. Univariate analysis revealed that having a sex history outside of marriage with ≥1 sex partner and never using a condom with a spouse or casual partner were significant risk factors for HIV and HBV among drivers. Fortunately, we found that most of the drivers reported low alcohol and drug use. Concerning this study, the seroprevalence of HIV and HBV is highly associated with a history of having sex outside of marriage and sexual behavior among truck drivers and assistances. Additional studies are needed to further investigate other STIs and behavioral characteristics associated with factors in truck drivers/assistance in different truck stop regions in Sudan.

Quantifying the Impact of In-Cab Alerts on Truck Speed Reductions in Ohio

In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driver response was evaluated by measuring the statistical trends of vehicle speeds after the in-cab alerts were received. Vehicle speeds pre and post in-cab alert were collected over a 47 day period in the fall of 2023 for trucks traveling on interstate roadways in Ohio. Results show that approximately 22% of drivers receiving Dangerous Slowdown alerts had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after receiving such an alert. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles traveling at or above 70 mph at the time of alerting, 26% reduced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed reductions suggest drivers taking actional measures after receiving alerts. Future studies will involve further analysis on the impact of the types of alerts shown, roadway characteristics and overall traffic conditions on truck speeds passing through work zones.

互助、组织化与承认:劳动实践中志愿服务的多维动力机制研究以自雇卡车司机为例

本文以我国自雇卡车司机的志愿服务为例,结合其劳动实践探讨志愿服务的多维动力机制。研究发现,卡车司机志愿服务的动力机制是一个由微观劳动体制、中观组织化过程与宏观社会地位感知推动的多维框架,展现出从职业群体内部的互助救援扩展至外部社会公益的动态社会过程。其中,原子化劳动的“孤岛效应”与互帮互助是该机制的客观基础,公益组织内外的组织化过程与互动为之提供了制度保障和文化支撑,底层地位感知以及由其引发的承认需求则构成了持续的价值驱动。本文认为,只有从多维、动态的过程性视角出发,并使用纵贯性的研究方法,才能理解志愿服务的发端与持续。

多渠道互动对在线社区用户持续使用意愿的影响:以卡车司机为例

卡车司机作为我国物流业的支柱,对社会经济发展具有重要作用,但管理学和营销学较少关注该群体。近年来信息通讯技术的快速发展对卡车司机的社交和互动方式产生了重要影响。本文关注卡车司机在线上社区的互动行为,通过对国内某大型卡车司机在线社区用户的实际调研,研究不同渠道发生的用户互动行为对用户在社区中的承诺和持续使用意愿的影响存在何种差异,并探讨其影响机制。研究结果表明:首先,由初始的线上渠道互动转移至线下渠道互动后,卡车司机的社区承诺和对社区的持续使用意愿都强于单纯线上渠道互动时的承诺和意愿。其次,不同渠道互动对卡车司机带来的影响差异可被感知信任的中介作用所解释。此外,本文对线下渠道发生的不同互动方式也做出了研究,即线下救援和线下聚会,但发现二者对卡车司机社区承诺和使用意愿的影响并无显著差异。本研究从多渠道角度拓展了在线社区用户互动行为的研究视角,以卡车司机为样本丰富了在线社区的研究情境,为卡车司机心理福利的提升和在线社区运营提供了管理启示。

后疫情时代下货车司机服务系统设计

服务在现代商业中扮演着越来越重要的角色,产品服务系统在20世纪90年代提出,经历20年研究已取得很大的发展。其核心在于将有形产品与无形服务集成为产品服务系统为用户提供全面的解决方案。“后疫情时代”指新型冠状病毒疫情过去后的时代,但并非疫情完全消失,而是疫情时起时伏,随时都可能小规模爆发,对各方面产生深远影响的时代。为了解决货车司机在后疫情时代所面临的问题,从产品服务系统的视角出发,通过定性访谈以及定量问卷调研确定其需求,并以此为依据设计的后疫情时代下货车司机服务系统。

辅助驾驶系统对重型卡车驾驶员长途驾驶中疲劳程度的影响

乘用车领域的过往研究发现,相较于手动驾驶使用辅助驾驶系统的驾驶员会更容易出现疲劳,因此有必要探究辅助驾驶系统对重型卡车驾驶员长途驾驶疲劳程度的影响。基于超过120 h的自然驾驶实验,采用多项生心理指标(如心率、心率变异性等)对比了重型卡车驾驶员手动驾驶车辆时和在辅助驾驶系统帮助下驾驶车辆时的疲劳程度。辅助驾驶情况下驾驶员平均心率、呼吸频率、呼吸深度以及瞳孔直径均高于手动驾驶情况下,辅助驾驶情况下驾驶员连续二次心跳(RR)间隔均方根、低高频比例、眨眼频率、眨眼时长以及眼睑闭合百分比(PERCLOS)均低于手动驾驶情况下。当驾驶员处于手动驾驶情况时,驾驶时间每增加2 h,反应时间会增加0.032 s;当驾驶员处于辅助驾驶情况时,反应时间不随驾驶时间发生显著变化。重型卡车驾驶员在辅助驾驶系统帮助下驾驶车辆时的疲劳程度低于手动驾驶,本研究可以为辅助驾驶系统在重型卡车中的安全应用提供理论支持。

矿用卡车驾驶员操作水平的评价方法研究

为提高驾驶员操作水平,提出了一套完整的驾驶员操作水平评价方法。运用物联网数据采集技术,实现了对卡车运输数据的动态采集;提出了安全、能耗和效率3个驾驶员操作评价一级指标,并建立了相应的二级评价指标;采用改进的主成分分析法和K-means聚类算法对实验样本进行模型构建。构建的评价模型能够有效地评价驾驶员的操作水平,得到的驾驶员操作标准参考值可为提高驾驶管理水平和操作技术提供可靠的参考。

Severe obstructive sleep apnea and long distance truck driving: A case report

Introduction: Untreated sleep disorders can increase driver crash risk by up to 7 fold, and truck drivers have a variety of risk factors for sleep disorders. Measures currently used to identify drivers at risk depend predominantly on the ability of the driver to identify and report themselves as sleepy. Methods: This case report presents a 54 year old long distance truck driver who participated in a case-control study, underwent at home breathing monitoring and was followed up with an in-depth interview. Results: Self-reported measures did not identify this driver as at risk of sleepiness or sleep apnea;yet he was subsequently diagnosed with severe sleep apnea using an at home monitor and polysomnography. Conclusions: Self-assessment of risk factors is insufficient as a screen for sleep apnea. General practitioners are in an ideal position to identify potential sleep apnea sufferers and can initiate the enquiry process that leads to diagnostic testing.

TRUCK TRANSPORTING SYSTEM

The paper was a truck transporting system that based on system engineering theory and driver, truck-and-train, road and transporting environment were essential factors. It analyzed andstudied nine subsystems consisted of the tfour tactors, ensured running safety, high efficieney and lowconsumption of transporting truck and increased using time of truck and road.

分路段差异化收费条件下货车司机出行路径选择意愿模型

为解决货车司机出行路径选择行为缺少考虑差异化收费政策影响的问题,通过出行费用、出行距离、优惠折扣、收费系数和是否关注差异化收费政策这5个变量刻画差异化收费,通过构建分路段差异化收费条件下货车司机出行路径选择的随机森林(random forest,RF)模型。以银昆高速(G85)昭通至水富段及麻水线与昭麻二级路问卷调查数据为基础开展实证分析。结果表明:所构建的分路段差异化收费条件下货车司机出行路径选择的RF模型的分类准确率优于AdaBoost(adaptive boosting)模型、GBDT(gradient boosting decision tree)模型和传统Logit模型;整体重要度方面,优惠折扣是影响货车司机出行路径选择最主要的因素(38.56%),出行费用(13.55%)、出行距离(10.06%)及出行时段(7.08%)对意愿结果存在显著影响;同时,部分分路段差异化收费变量对货车司机出行路径选择意愿存在明显的阈值效应。

差异化收费下货车出行选择偏好分析及建模

为研究高速公路差异化收费对货车驾驶员出行选择行为的影响,基于非集计模型的理论框架,将多项式logit(multinomial logit,MNL)模型、巢式logit(nested logit,NL)模型与潜在类别模型相结合,针对高速公路低峰期和高峰期2类情形,建立潜在类别MNL和NL模型,以刻画备选出行方式之间的相关性及货车驾驶员的选择偏好.以中国重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果表明,相较于传统MNL与NL模型,潜在类别MNL模型与出发时间位于上层的潜在类别NL模型的拟合效果更佳.不同类别的货车驾驶员在低峰与高峰期间的出行选择行为与货物类型、付费方式及收费费率等因素显著相关,其中,收费费率的影响最大.通过适当调整高速公路的收费费率及提高服务质量可以增强高速公路的货运竞争力.

考虑高速公路差异化收费的货车出行行为研究

为探究高速公路差异化收费对货车驾驶员出行行为的影响,选取付费方式、运输时间紧急性、选择重视因素和情境选择行为4个因素作为外显变量,在提高高峰期收费费率的场景下,构建货车驾驶员群体细分的潜在类别模型。基于重庆市584份高速公路货车出行行为问卷调查数据,对其进行类别划分,并对比分析了各类货车驾驶员的出行选择偏好。研究表明:(1)货车驾驶员群体可划分为灵活型、无奈型和忠诚型3类,且货物类型和运输成本对驾驶员的类别划分有显著影响;(2)随着高速公路月通行次数的减少,忠诚型选择重视里程的概率呈线性增长趋势,且会显著影响灵活型选择改变出行路径的概率;(3)当运输成本提高时,灵活型出行选择会更加看重通行费用的高低,而忠诚型则注重高速公路良好的行车体验;(4)无奈型迫于货物的运输时间要求,提高收费场景下的行为特征差异较小。因此,针对不同类型货车驾驶员群体应制定差异化的收费定价策略,以避免高速公路货运用户流失。

基于自然驾驶试验的小半径弯坡路段大型载货汽车驾驶员视觉特性研究

在贵州省G246公路小半径弯坡路段开展大型载货汽车和小汽车驾驶员自然驾驶试验,基于Begaze软件与统计学方法,分析了两类驾驶员注视点分布特征与小半径弯坡路段转弯方向、半径、坡度的关系;研究了左转、右转方向驾驶员瞳孔直径、信息获取能力与速度的关系。研究结果表明:大型载货汽车驾驶员在小半径弯坡路段中行驶时,主要关注车头前方15~25 m区域,对后方车辆关注度不足;小汽车驾驶员关注的区域更远,会关注对向来车和道路线形走向;转向和曲线半径是影响驾驶员关注点的主要因素,左、右转时驾驶员主要关注道路中央标线、右侧道路边线,且应着重加强半径小于30 m弯坡路段的视觉引导有效性;大型载货汽车驾驶员过弯时瞳孔直径和信息获取能力的峰值位置与弯道中央并不重合,现有将凸面镜等提示性施设设置在弯道中央的处理措施并不适宜大型载货汽车。

Analysis of HAZMAT truck driver fatigue and distracted driving with warning-based data and association rules mining

Professional drivers are more frequently exposed to longer driving distance and travel time,leading to a higher possibility of safety risk for distraction and fatigue.The widespread and common use of commercial driver monitoring systems(DMS)provides a potential for data collection.It increases the amount of data characterizing driver behavior that can be used for further safety research.This study utilized DMS warning-based data and applied an association rule mining approach to explore risk factors contributing to hazardous materials(HAZMAT)truck driver inattention.A total of 499 HAZMAT truck driver inattentive warning events were used to find rules that will predict the occurrence of driver’s fatigue and distraction.First,Fisher’s exact tests were performed to examine the association between the frequency of driver inattentive behavior warnings and risk factors.Second,support,confidence,and lift values were used as measurements to quantify the relative strength of the association rules generated by the Apriori algorithm.Results show that speed between 40and 49 km/h,relatively longer travel time(3-6 h),freeway,tangent section,off-peak hour and clear weather condition are found to be highly associated with fatigue driving,while nighttime during 18:00 to 23:59,speed between 70 and 80 km/h,travel time between 1 and 3 h,freeways,acceleration less than 0.5 m/s^(2),visibility greater than 1000 m,and tangent roadway section are found to be highly associated with distracted driving.By focusing on the specific feature groups,these association rules would help in the development of mitigating distraction and fatigue driving countermeasures and enforcement approaches.

道路货车司机思想动态实证分析及对策研究——以江苏省道路货车司机群体为例

新冠疫情以来,交通运输行业从业职工生产经营受到巨大影响,从业群体中的货车司机收入下滑,而成本却居高不下,生存压力骤增,成为受影响最大的群体之一,货运司机群体的思想动态和生存状况引发社会广泛关注。有关部门开展了江苏省货车司机思想动态情况调查研究,旨在了解江苏省货车司机群体总体情况,初步掌握群体的年龄结构、学历、家庭、身心健康和政治面貌等情况,摸排货车司机群体在生产经营、家庭生活等方面存在的“急难愁盼”问题,以及行业主管部门在行业治理方面存在的薄弱环节。通过对调查情况的实证分析和研究,提出了夯实货运行业党建工作基础、解决货车司机的“急难愁盼”问题、营造货运平台良好生态环境、持续改善货车司机工作生活环境等措施,促进道路货运行业健康稳定发展。

货柜车司机艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为调查

目的了解货柜车司机艾滋病知识水平,探索有效的干预模式。方法采用整群抽样方法,对深圳市货柜车司机257人进行调查。结果货柜车司机对艾滋病基本知识缺乏了解,只有65.19%的司机知道艾滋病的3种传播途径,有97.28%的司机希望了解更多的AIDS相关知识。货柜车司机性伴关系较复杂,但其中只有61.44%司机与暗娼发生性行为时坚持使用安全套。虽未检出人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者,但乙肝病毒和梅毒螺旋体感染检出率分别为13.62%和0.78%,提示货柜车司机普遍存在高危行为。结论货柜车司机高危行为普遍,是感染HIV的高危人群,应采取有针对性的综合干预措施,使其改变高危行为或采取安全性行为,控制艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播。

高原地区卡车驾驶员的腰痛状况调查

目的 :对高原地区卡车驾驶员腰痛的状况进行调查。方法 :本研究通过发放腰痛调查表和实地考察的方式 ,对 669名在青藏高原实际驾龄在 3年以上的载重卡车驾驶员腰痛的状况进行了调查。本组调查对象平均年龄 2 7.0 7岁。结果 :( 1)高原地区卡车驾驶员腰痛患病率为 95 .0 7% ,明显腰痛者占 67.12 %。 ( 2 )高原地区卡车驾驶员腰痛发病时的平均驾龄为 2 .5～ 3 .0 2 7年。 ( 3 )高原地区卡车驾驶员腰痛程度随开车年限增加而加重。结论 :通过实地考察我们发现高原汽车驾驶员高发腰痛与特殊地理环境和气候变化、特殊工作方式、高原缺氧反应等因素有关。