Flexible bidirectional pulse charging regulation achieving long-life lithium-ion batteries

Typical application scenarios,such as vehicle to grid(V2G)and frequency regulation,have imposed significant long-life demands on lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we propose an advanced battery life-extension method employing bidirectional pulse charging(BPC)strategy.Unlike traditional constant current charging methods,BPC strategy not only achieves comparable charging speeds but also facilitates V2G frequency regulation simultaneously.It significantly enhances battery cycle ampere-hour throughput and demonstrates remarkable life extension capabilities.For this interesting conclusion,adopting model identification and postmortem characterization to reveal the life regulation mechanism of BPC:it mitigates battery capacity loss attributed to loss of lithium-ion inventory(LLI)in graphite anodes by intermittently regulating the overall battery voltage and anode potential using a negative charging current.Then,from the perspective of internal side reaction,the life extension mechanism is further revealed as inhibition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and lithium dendrite growth by regulating voltage with a bidirectional pulse current,and a semi-empirical life degradation model combining SEI and lithium dendrite growth is developed for BPC scenarios health management,the model parameters are identified by genetic algorithm with the life simulation exhibiting an accuracy exceeding 99%.This finding indicates that under typical rate conditions,adaptable BPC strategies can extend the service life of LFP battery by approximately 123%.Consequently,the developed advanced BPC strategy offers innovative perspectives and insights for the development of long-life battery applications in the future.

Roller Screw and Threaded Chain Speed Reducer: An Experimental Evaluation

We are developing a speed reducer that can be considered a transformation of a worm gear reducer: the worm is replaced by an inverted roller screw, and the gear is replaced by a threaded chain drive. This configuration lessens wear, increases load capacity, and improves efficiency. The threaded chain consists of nut-shaped links. This paper presents the results of tests carried out on a prototype with a reduction ratio of 46.

Vesicle-shaped ZIF-8 shell shielded in 3D carbon cloth for uniform nucleation and growth towards long-life lithium metal anode

Lithium metal has aroused extensive research interests as the anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries.However,the well-known dendritic Li growth and consequent safety issues still impair the long-term cycling performance.Herein,a hybrid structure composed of 3 D carbon cloth and vesicleshaped hollow ZIF-8 modification shell(HZS@CC)was prepared as a smart host for guiding uniform Li deposition.The long-range interconnected 3 D carbon fiber network enables the reduced local current density with homogeneous electrons distribution.Synergistically,abundant surface polar groups and the ultrastructure on ZIF-8 particles effectively guide a well-distributed Li-ions flow to promote the uniform Li nucleation and growth.As a result,stable Li plating/stripping for 2000 h with a low overpotential(≈15 mV)at 1 mA cm^(-2) were achieved in symmetric cells.Coupling with LiFePO_(4) cathode,the full cell delivered long life over 1200 cycles at 6 C.This research demonstrated that a homogenization guiding of Li-ions is of great importance to better make use of the structural advantage of 3 D hosts and achieve improved electrochemical performance.

3D hierarchically porous NiO/Graphene hybrid paper anode for long-life and high rate cycling flexible Li-ion batteries

With the rapid emergence of wearable devices, flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are much more needed than ever. Free-standing graphene-based composite paper electrodes with various active materials have appealed wide applications in flexible LIBs. However, due to the prone-to-restacking feature of graphene layers, a long cycle life at high current densities is rather difficult to be achieved. Herein, a unique threedimensional(3D) hierarchically porous NiO micro-flowers/graphene paper(fNiO/GP) electrode is successfully fabricated. The resulting fNiO/GP electrode shows superior long-term cycling stability at high rates(e.g., storage capacity of 359 mAh/g after 600 cycles at a high current density of 1 A/g). The facile 3D porous structure combines both the advantages of the graphene that is highly conductive and flexible to ensure rapid electrons/ions transfer and buffer the volume expansion of NiO during charge/discharge,and of the micro-sized NiO flowers that induces hierarchical between-layer pores ranging from nanomicro meters to promote the penetration of the electrolyte and prevent the re-stacking of graphene layers. Such structural design will inspire future manufacture of a wide range of active materials/graphene composite electrodes for high performance flexible LIBs.

Technical development and long-term performance observations of long-life asphalt pavement: A case study of Shandong Province

Based on the investigation of long-life asphalt pavement at home and abroad,the development of long-life asphalt pavement technology in Shandong Province,China is reviewed in this paper.The structural combination char-acteristics of typical long-life asphalt pavement in Shandong Province and their popularization and application are introduced.The application effect of combined base long-life asphalt pavement,which has been widely promoted,is evaluated.At the same time,taking the Binda perpetual pavement test road in Shandong Province as an example,the dynamic response and long-term performance evolution of long-life asphalt pavement are analyzed over a period of more than 17 years.Sections S1,S2,and S3 present information about full-depth asphalt pavement.Section S4 describes combined base asphalt pavement.The results show that the maximum strain of S1–S4 is within the endurance strain limit.S1,S2,S3 and S4 are all expected to be long-life asphalt pavements.In the current study,Sections S1–S4 were maintained in good condition during a service period of more than 17 years with no structural cracks and good deflection,rutting,and IRI indexes.The deflection index was stable without growth,and the IRI was also relatively stable following the opening to traffic.The rutting depth un-derwent a slight cumulative increase within 8 years of opening,and then stabilized.The average rutting depth over the 17-year period was less than 15 mm.Therefore,S1–S4 meet the design standards required for use as long-life pavements.From the perspectives of resource saving,energy saving,and emission reduction and service performance,full-depth asphalt pavement can be considered to represent a new generation of green and durable pavement structures with great future promotion potential.

Preparation and Properties of a Long-life Cementbased Mortar Used on Metal Oilcans

Organic-based materials are often used as the coating of metal oilcans. But they need to be sprayed several times in the whole life of oilcans because of the short-life of organic components. To overcome this problem, a type of long-life flexible cement-based anti-corrosion material used on the surface of metal oilcans was developed according to the principle that the steel reinforced concrete can remain the same life with buildings. The materials with different formulas composed of acrylic ~nulsion, cement and other additives were prepared. Because the ratios of polymer to cement played the decisive role in the adhesion and anti-corrosion characteristics, their effects on the physical performances were investigated by comparing the mechanical properties, anti-corrosion and anti-aging properties. The relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties was also discussed.

Optimal Design of Tapered Roller Bearings Based on Multi⁃Physics Objectives Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Rolling element bearing is the most common machine element in rotating machinery.An extended life is among the foremost imperative standards in the optimal design of rolling element bearings,which confide on the fatigue failure,wear,and thermal conditions of bearings.To fill the gap,in the current work,all three objectives of a tapered roller bearing have been innovatively considered respectively,which are the dynamic capacity,elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)minimum film⁃thickness,and maximum bearing temperature.These objective function formulations are presented,associated design variables are identified,and constraints are discussed.To solve complex non⁃linear constrained optimization formulations,a best⁃practice design procedure was investigated using the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)algorithms.A sensitivity analysis of several geometric design variables was conducted to observe the difference in all three objectives.An excellent enhancement was found in the bearing designs that have been optimized as compared with bearing standards and previously published works.The present study will definitely add to the present experience based design followed in bearing industries to save time and obtain assessment of bearing performance before manufacturing.To verify the improvement,an experimental investigation is worthwhile conducting.

Discussion on Lightning Protection Design of "Feilongzaitian" Roller Coaster of Fangte in Zigong

The lightning protection design of "Feilongzaitian" roller coaster of Fangte in Zigong was discussed, and the lightning protection measures of "Feilongzaitian" roller coaster were analyzed from the aspects of direct lightning protection, grounding and lightning electromagnetic impulse protection.

Analysis of Vibrations of Roller of the Polymer Composite Coating Equipment on Stitches of Tarpaulin Materials

The article presents a structural diagram and the principle of operation of the installation of a sewing machine for applying a polymer composition to the stitch lines of tarpaulin materials. The calculation schemes and the mathematical model of oscillations of the axis of the composite roller during the application of the polymer composition along the lines of tarpaulin materials are presented. Based on the numerical solution of the problem, the regularities of roller oscillations are presented. The main parameters of the system are substantiated.

金属板材大深宽比微沟槽特征辊压成形工艺分析

提出一种新型的辊压成形的工艺,对主辅成形辊轮的轮廓设计提出新的设计思路,并对0.1 mm的厚度TA1钛板微沟槽(深度2.5 mm,深宽比86.2%)进行辊压成形的试验,将最大减薄率、最大深度偏差作为评价指标,验证工艺的合理性与科学性。结果表明:辅助成形辊轮在满足挠度(<0.02 mm)的前提下,应尽可能减少辅助成形辊轮的特征数,使其在辊压过程中板材折弯变形而非拉延,其最大减薄率为小于0.4%,深度偏度小于0.5%,配合冲压模具可以对大深宽比的微沟槽成形,而不受拔模角度的影响,此新型成形工艺可以促进金属板材微沟槽产品的产业化。

荸荠收获机弹簧辊式泥果分离装置研制

针对荸荠收获泥果分离难、果实损伤率高的问题,根据旱地环境下荸荠采收作业需求,该研究提出一种由正反旋弹簧并排布置的荸荠收获机弹簧辊式泥果分离装置。通过对荸荠与弹簧辊的相对运动过程动力学分析,确定了影响荸荠收获泥果分离的关键因素为弹簧外径、螺距、相邻弹簧间距、高度差及弹簧转速、线径、作业速度。利用EDEM软件建立泥果混合物离散元模型,对弹簧辊结构参数与工作参数进行单因素试验,分析各因素对泥果分离效果的影响。以荸荠筛分率和土壤筛分率为指标进行二次回归正交试验,得到弹簧辊最佳参数组合为外径100 mm、螺距30 mm、间距9 mm、转速420 r/min,该参数组合下荸荠筛分率为80.00%,土壤筛分率为80.69%。进行仿真验证试验,对比试验结果与模型预测值,荸荠筛分率平均相对误差为2.09%,土壤筛分率平均相对误差为2.42%。以明果率、伤果率、破皮率、挖净率为指标开展模拟采挖试验,分析不同线径弹簧辊的泥果分离能力,确定12 mm线径弹簧兼具较好的振动筛分性能和较低的损伤率。通过实际收获试验测得作业速度0.21 m/s,作业效率0.19 m^(2)/s,碎土率75.61%,明果率82.42%,伤果率14.73%,破皮率7.01%。研究结果可为荸荠收获机研制和优化改进提供参考。

甘蔗横向种植机补种装置辊耙结构仿真分析

针对甘蔗横向种植机在种植过程中出现的漏播问题进行了研究,设计了一套补种装置。通过ADAMS软件对装置中的补种辊耙进行顺逆时针等两种运动形式的虚拟仿真分析,分别得出齿式、整叶式与窝轮式等3种辊耙结构所受的力和扭矩等因素。仿真结果表明:在相同条件下,补种辊耙的逆时针转动方式更优于顺时针转动方式;窝轮式补种装置进行逆时针运动时,其力约为10N,力矩约为2N·m。由于窝轮式补种装置的力、力矩小于齿式补种装置与整叶式补种装置,因此其结构最优,补种性能最好。研究结果可为后续甘蔗横向种植机精准种植的研究与开发提供了一定的理论依据。

金刚石砂轮与金刚石滚轮磨削接触的声发射监测

为了实现金刚石砂轮磨削加工金刚石滚轮过程的自动化,需要对磨削接触状态进行准确识别。由于磨削过程中材料去除率较小导致声发射信号幅值变化不显著,仅用有效值对磨削接触状态识别的准确性受噪声影响很大。针对此问题,通过模态分解和相关性分析相结合的方法对采集的声发射信号进行处理,再计算各分量的有效值和方差值完成特征提取,最后利用支持向量机对磨削接触状态进行识别。实际应用发现:该方法对滚轮的磨削接触状识别准确率达到了98.3%,准确实现了对磨削接触状态的识别。

基于有限元的热力耦合场匣钵运动分析与优化

为解决装有锂离子电池正极材料的匣钵在辊道窑烧结过程中易出现异常横向运动使匣钵破损的问题,本研究通过分析匣钵异常运动特性的影响因素对其进行优化。首先,利用Solidworks软件建立辊道-匣钵传动系统简化模型,对匣钵进行受力分析,推导出匣钵发生异常横向运动的原因是辊棒的弹性变形;其次,通过Abaqus软件进行有限元仿真,对比分析热力耦合场和重力场下匣钵的位移曲线以及辊棒的受力情况。结果表明,与重力场相比,热力耦合场的辊棒弹性变形量更大,且热力耦合场匣钵横向位移在0~1 s内相对重力场增大,而在1~5 s内相对重力场减小,说明在温度和重力共同作用下所引起的辊棒弹性变形是导致匣钵异常横向运动的主要原因。在此基础上,设计了一种匣钵传动机构,包括辊棒支撑机构、匣钵夹紧装置及匣钵挡齐装置,并通过对比生产验证了改进机构的可行性。本研究对在辊道窑烧结过程中匣钵异常横向运动的影响因素进行分析并提供了一种改进机构,有助于推进锂离子电池正极材料生产设备的发展。

对辊制粒机压辊的有限元分析及优化

对辊制粒机的压辊在工作过程中由于受交变载荷作用寿命往往较短,为改善压辊受力状况,根据对对辊制粒机制粒成型过程的分析以及对压辊受力状况的研究,建立了压辊的力学模型;在此基础上,以某型对辊制粒机为初始模型,通过有限元软件Abaqus探究了压辊表面应力分布情况,并进一步对其长径比及支撑方式进行了优化,结果表明:压辊长径比为1.034时,最大应力比初始模型减小了8.92%,单侧支撑改为双侧支撑可使最大应力减小65.31%,因此这两种优化方式对提高压辊的使用寿命具有重要参考价值。

基于层次分析法的TBM滚刀评价方式

[目的]为了减少TBM(硬岩隧道掘进机)在高磨蚀性岩层中掘进时的换刀次数,以及选出最适用于高磨蚀性岩层的滚刀,提出一种基于层次分析法的滚刀评价方法。[方法]建立了滚刀磨损失效危害评价模型;选取7个磨损失效类型因素,基于层次分析法建立了滚刀磨损失效危害评价模型和比较判断矩阵,计算出各失效类型危害的占比;以广佛东环城际铁路大源站至太和站区间线路为例,对4个常用品牌的滚刀进行定量分析;建立风险评价分值表,分析4个品牌的滚刀在使用过程中的失效影响评价值。[结果及结论]高磨蚀岩层中的滚刀非正常磨损占比为23.29%,正常磨损占比为76.71%。c品牌和d品牌滚刀的失效影响评价值分别为7.141和4.816,远小于a品牌滚刀的失效影响评价值7.587和b品牌滚刀的失效影响评价值9.058。d品牌滚刀的相对磨损速率大于c品牌滚刀,因此c品牌滚刀最适用于高磨蚀性岩层。a品牌滚刀适用于硬度极大的岩层,b品牌滚刀不推荐使用,d品牌滚刀适用于硬度较小的岩层。

带式输送机不停机托辊更换车结构设计及特性分析

为提高煤矿带式输送机在更换损坏托辊时的维护效率,减小人工更换产生的安全风险,文中设计了一种可在带式输送机不停机状态下进行托辊更换的更换车。针对不停机更换托辊的工作要求,确定更换车的更换方案,并建立三维模型。采用D-H参数法建立更换车机械手的连杆坐标系,通过MATLAB软件机器人工具箱建立机械手模型,并用蒙特卡洛法确定机械手的工作空间,结果表明,其运动范围满足槽型托辊组3个托辊的更换。采用ADAMS软件对机械手拆卸和安装托辊过程进行仿真,得到损坏托辊和备用托辊的位移曲线,结合夹取结构的运动曲线和运行轨迹,结果表明,机械手的工作过程平稳流畅。采用ANSYS软件对更换车工作中关键受力部件支撑臂和支撑托辊架进行有限元分析,结果表明:两部件强度满足工作要求,保证更换车工作的可靠性。

滚子与内圈打滑行为诱导的振动特性

针对滚子打滑试验研究困难的问题,通过分析滚子-内圈运动副的相对运动关系得出运动副振动特征频率的计算公式,在此基础上开展打滑试验,提取滚子纯滚动、打滑状态下的振动信号并采用短时傅里叶变换进行时频域分析,结果表明:滚子打滑会诱发一定的振动响应,其频率与滚子、内圈的转动频率相关,理论计算结果与试验结果较为吻合,可用于测算滚子打滑程度;滚子由纯滚动状态转变为打滑状态或由打滑状态转变为纯滚动状态时,纵向、切向振动的幅值均会发生突变,切向振动信号占主要成分且幅值更大。

十八辊单机架轧机振动纹缺陷分析及应用

十八辊单机架轧机投产后出现振动纹缺陷,检查轧机液压缸、传动轴联轴器、电控系统、轧辊磨削工艺等方面,发现液压缸振动,存在压下控制速度过快、磁尺底座开焊、轧辊磨削工艺不合理等问题,通过更换压下液压缸、规范传动装置检查制度、调整轧机压下速度控制增益、增加自动震荡检测功能、优化轧辊磨削工艺等措施,该机轧后带钢的振动纹缺陷减少了91%,缺陷降级品≤0.01%。

振动压路机的能量传递模型与作业参数优化研究

为提高振动压路机作业过程的压实质量,研究了振动压路机的能量传递模型与作业参数优化。首先基于U-K方程建立“碾轮-被压实材料”的系统振动动力学模型,结合能量守恒提出振动压路机能量传递模型;然后以振动频率和压实速度作为寻优工作参数,构建路面压实质量的优化模型;最后通过案例验证证明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。结果表明:工作频率与被压实材料的固有频率比值保持在√2~2范围内,可避免共振带来的影响;初始阶段低速碾压,材料性能稳定后提高碾压速度可保证高效压实,得出振动频率在21.8~27 Hz、压实速度在2.36~2.91 km/s范围内,可达到最优的压实效果。所提的能量传递模型、作业参数优化模型为保障振动压路机压实质量奠定了基础,为提高振动压路机压实质量和效率提供了参考。