Long-period Gratings in-situ Sensing for Flow Monitoring in Liquid Composite Molding

Liquid composite moulding (LCM) processes are used to manufacture high quality and complex-shaped composite parts in the automotive, marine, aerospace and civil industries. On-line sensing plays an important role in controlling the quality of the final product in the LCM manufacturing environment. The long-period fiber grating (LPG) technology, a new real-time fiber optic sensor system, was developed to monitor the flow front progression. The sensor operation and characterization under various process conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results showed that LPG sensors were robust and reliable to detect the arrival of resin at pre-selected locations in structures with low-medium fiber volume fraction; however were limited at different depths in structures with high fiber volume fraction.

Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings by CO_2 laser in fiber under tension

We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings （LPFGs） in single-mode fiber （SMF） under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the fiber under tension. Dynamics analysis of laser writing process is performed to study the mechanism of the grating inscription. Experimental results show that the wavelength shift of new generated resonance dips can shift towards the longer or shorter wavelength with the increase of laser scanning cycles for gratings with different pitches.

Convention of Optical Vortices in Two-Helix Long-Period Fiber Gratings

An effective method to fabricate two-helix long-period fiber gratings （TH-LFGs） is presented. Based on the coupling mode theory, the conversion of optical vortices （OVs） in TH-LFGs are analyzed in detail. The conversions of OVs with different topological charges： 0 → ±2 and 1 → 3 are simulated as three examples and the conversion efficiency higher than 98% can be realized.

Tunable wavelength filters using polymer long-period waveguide gratings based on metal-cladding directly defined technique

In this work, long-period waveguide grating-based tunable wavelength filters using organic–inorganic grafting poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） materials are designed and fabricated by metal-cladding directly defined technique.The thermal stabilities and optical properties of the organic–inorganic grafting PMMA core materials are analyzed. Structures and performance parameters of the waveguide gratings and self-electrode heaters are designed and simulated. The contrast of the filter is about 15 d B and the resonant wavelength can be tuned by different electric powers applied to the metal-cladding self-electrode heaters. The temperature sensitivity is 3.5 nm/℃ and the switching time is about 1 ms. The technique is very suitable for realizing the optoelectronic integrated wavelength-division-multiplexing systems.

长周期光纤光栅(LPG)均衡滤波器在光纤放大器中的应用

根据耦合模理论 ,给出了两级关联和非关联长周期光纤光栅的透射率表达式 ,从而指出在进行LPG均衡滤波器设计时 ,应采用非关联的光栅 ,可以构成灵活多变的透射谱 ,非常适合光纤放大器的不同增益谱对均衡滤波器传输特性 (透射谱 )的不同要求。以此为基础 ,设计和模拟计算了 LPG均衡光纤宽带放大器的增益及噪声谱。结果表明 。

级联LPG的原理与应用

因为特有的滤波特性,级联长周期光纤光栅已被设计为优异的多波长滤波和传感器件,为此介绍了级联长周期光纤光栅的工作原理及其应用。

分步迭代算法在LPG折射率特性研究中的应用

采用分步迭代算法对简化的包层模式本征方程进行数值求解,这种方法由机器选取初值,整个过程无需人工干预,核心代码只需几十行且计算速度快,可求解任意环境折射率下各次包层模式的有效折射率(包括实数解和复数解),从而可在很宽的范围内对长周期光纤光栅(LPG)的折射率特性进行数值仿真。与实验结果进行了对比,证明了该算法对求解拥有多个复数根的超复杂超越方程是一种比较有效的方法,这对于应用该算法研究更多包层光栅及镀膜光纤光栅的其他特性具有一定的意义。

Ag-coated Long-period Fiber Grating

Based on coupled-mode theo ry , the eigenvalue equation of five-layered long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sens or with Ag film and gas-sensitive film overlays are firstly studied. The probl em of resolving complex eigenvalue equation on five-layered LPFG is analyzed, a nd the method of resolution is also given. Then the eigenvalue equation of three -layered metal cladding LPFG is analyzed, and the complex transcendental equati on is also discussed. The computing result shows that the coupling between the l ow-order EH modes and the core mode is much stronger than that between the low -order HE modes and the core mode.

Wavelength and sensitivity tunable long period gratings fabricated in fluid-cladding microfibers

We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfibers.A long period grating is fabricated in a water-cladding microfiber with a diameter of~5μm,which demonstrates a resonant attenuation of 28.53 dB at wavelength of 1588.1 nm with 10 pitches.When water cladding is changed to be refractive index oil of n=1.33 and alcohol solution with concentration of 5%,the resonance wavelength shifts to 1575.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 24.91 dB and 1594.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 35.9 dB,respectively.The long period grating demonstrates different temperature sensitivities of-0.524 nm/℃,-0.767 nm/℃and-1.316 nm/℃for water,alcohol solution and refractive index oil cladding microfibers,respectively,which means the alterable liquid cladding allows the availability of tunable wavelength and sensitivity.The fluid-cladding protects the microfibers from external disturbance and contamination and allows more flexibility in controlling the transmission property and sensing characteristics of long period gratings,which can be used as fiber devices and sensors for chemical,biological,and environmental applications.

Hybrid Long-Period Fiber Grating with Multimode Fiber Core for Refractive Index Measurement

A refractive index （RI） sensor based on hybrid long-period fiber grating （LPFG） with multimode fiber core （MMFC） is proposed and demonstrated. The surrounding RI can be determined by monitoring the separation between the resonant wavelengths of the LPFG and MMFC since the resonant wavelengths of the LPFG and MMFC will shift in opposite directions when the surrounding RI changes. Experimental results show that the sensor possesses an enhanced sensitivity of 526.92nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.387-1.394 RIU. The response to the temperature is also discussed.

Sensing characteristics of a metal film coated long-period fiber grating

To obtain the influence rules of the coating parameters of a long-period fiber grating(LPFG)with respect to temperature,strain and refractive index sensing properties,based on the mode coupling theory,a strict four-layer theorietical model of a metal film coated LPFG is established,and these parameters that affect the spectral characteristics of the metal film coated LPFG are studied.The simulation results show that there is an optimal metal film thickness on the surface of the LPFG that will induce the surface-plasmon resonance(SP R)effect,which results in higher sensitivity to the environmental temperature and refractive index but has little influence on the strain There is theoretical evidence that when the silver thickness is between0.8and1.2nm,the refractive index sensitivity will reach the peak point of42.4026,at which the refractive index sensor sensitivity is increased by4.S%.The theoretical results of coating a long-period fiber grating provide a good theoretical basis and guidance for LPFG design and parameters optimization

长周期光纤光栅光谱控制及其在EDFA增益平坦中的应用

从理论上分析了长周期光纤光栅光谱的控制方法 ,并且进行了实验研究 结果表明 ,选择合适周期的振幅模板 ,通过控制曝光量和光栅长度 ,可以实现对长周期光纤光栅的中心波长、峰值和带宽的控制 用此技术制作的四个不同中心波长、峰值和带宽的长周期光纤光栅级联 ,实现了EDFA在 35 .6nm范围内增益波动小于± 0 .

长周期光纤光栅包层模特性及其对传输谱的影响

从模式耦合理论出发,用数值计算的方法分析了长周期光纤光栅的包层模中各不同阶次模式的有效折射率及其交/直流耦合系数随波长以及阶次的变化规律.研究发现包层膜有效折射率、直流耦合系数及奇数阶次的交流耦合系数都随着波长的增加而减小.而阶次高的模式对应的有效折射率以及奇数阶交流耦合系数随波长的变化速率较之低阶次的来说要大.进一步分析了直流耦合系数对谐振峰值位置的影响,并且揭示了相邻谐振波长的峰值位置之差随波长而逐渐增大的原因.

长周期光纤光栅生物膜传感器

介绍了一种可测量生物膜层厚度的长周期光纤光栅(LPG)传感器,其原理是在光纤包层(折射率为n2)外涂上特殊的生物活性膜层(折射率为n3),在n3≥n2的条件下,生物膜层厚度的变化将引起LPG谐振波长的改变,通过测量LPG谐振波长的移动量就能得到生物膜层厚度的变化量。该传感器主要用于确定血液里是否存在抗原,用抗体作为生物活性膜层,当测到的谐振波长发生了位移,就可以推知抗体和抗原发生了反应,说明血液中存在抗原。硅化膜的折射率和抗原、抗体物质的折射率非常接近,可作为成膜基底材料,基底膜层厚度可选择在120 nm左右。谐振波长的解调采用可调谐F-P腔干涉解调,结构简单,体积小,易于实用化。

长周期光纤光栅特性的理论及实验研究

从耦合模理论出发 ,推导出长周期光纤光栅谐振波长 ,透射谱峰值及带宽的表达式 ,并进一步分析了在不同写入条件下对长周期光栅特性参数的影响。在此基础上提出了一种制作不同特性长周期光栅的方法 ,利用这种方法我们获得了 35 nm带宽内增益波动± 0 .6 d B的平坦化 EDFA。

基于长周期光栅的有机聚合物高速电光调制器

结合长周期光栅的特性和有机聚合物的优点,首次提出了一种新型的基于长周期光栅的有机聚合物高速电光调制器结构。应用多层光波导理论,分析计算了聚合物折射系数变化与长周期光栅谐振波长的关系。在此基础上进行了模拟实验,结果表明理论分析与实验基本一致。

全光纤聚合物电光调制器

设计了一种新型的基于长周期光纤光栅的全光纤聚合物高速电光调制器。应用多层光波导和耦合模理论,分析了这种调制器中长周期光栅的谐振波长随施加在聚合物上调制电压的变化。得出在电压仅为8V时对长周期光栅谐振波长的调制就可达到20nm。

长周期光纤光栅组合透射谱的仿真研究

根据耦合模理论及模耦合方程推导了长周期光纤光栅的透射系数、反射比和级联长周期光纤光栅的透射系数表达式,用Matlab对其进行仿真研究,并总结了长周期光纤光栅透射谱特性随光栅长度、周期及耦合系数的变化规律,通过仿真实验验证了系统特性。

矩形折射率分布长周期光纤光栅特性中耦合精度的分析

采用耦合模理论,针对光纤芯层为矩形折射率分布的长周期光纤光栅,分析不同模式间耦合对计算精度的影响。结果表明:对于一阶低次包层模式,偶次包层模式与光纤芯层基模的耦合常数要远远小于奇次包层模式与光纤芯层基模的耦合常数。因此,在不影响计算精度的情况下,可以采用忽略偶次包层模式的方法来提高计算速度。同时,根据不同的计算波长范围和计算精度的要求,可以选择合适的正弦折射率调制阶数范围来减小计算工作量。

基于长周期光纤光栅的液位传感研究

基于简化的光纤三层模型,从折射率传感和长周期光纤光栅级联特性两方面对应用长周期光纤光栅作液位传感器进行了研究,当以峰值损耗为传感参量进行测量时,在没有发生过耦合的情况下,在一个较宽的范围内,光栅峰值损耗与进入液体的百分比成很好的线性关系;而当有过耦合发生时,光栅峰值损耗与进入液体的百分比不再一一对应.