Distance-Dependent Long-Range Electron Transfer in Protein:a Case Study of Photosynthetic Bacterial Light-Harvesting Antenna Complex LH2 Assembled on TiO 2 Nanoparticle by Femto-Second Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

The function of protein in long-range biological electron transfer is a question of debate. We report some preliminary results in femtosecond spectroscopic study of photosynthetic bacterial light-harvesting antenna complex assembled onto TiO2 nanoparticle with an average size of 8 nm in diameter. Crystal structure shows that photosynthetic bacterial antenna complex LH2 has a ring-like structure composed by alpha- and beta-apoprotein helices. The alpha- and beta-transmembrance helices construct two concentric cylinders with pigments bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a) and carotenoid (Car) buried inside the protein. We attempt to insert TiO2 nanoparticle into the cavity of the inner cylindrical hollow of LH2 to investigate the nature of the electron transfer between the excited-state Bchl a and the TiO2 nanoparticle. A significant decrease in the ground state bleaching recovery time constant for Bchl a at 850 run (B850) in respect to that of the Bchl a in free LH2 has been observed. By using the relation of distance-dependent long-range electron transfer rate in protein, the distance between the donor B850 and the acceptor TiO2 nanoparticle has been estimated, which is about 0.6 nm. The proposed method of assembling proteins onto wide-gap semiconductor nanoparticle can be a promising way to determine the role of the protein playing in biological electron transfer processes.

Brachioradialis tendon transfer and palmaris longus tendon graft for thumb avulsion:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Thumb replantation following complete traumatic avulsion requires complex techniques to restore function,especially in cases of avulsion at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint(MCP I)and avulsion of the flexor pollicis longus(FPL)at the musculotendinous junction.Possible treatments include direct tendon suture or tendon transfer,most commonly from the ring finger.To optimize function and avoid donor finger complications,we performed thumb replantation with flexion restoration using brachioradialis(BR)tendon transfer with palmaris longus(PL)tendon graft.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old left-handed male was admitted for a complete traumatic left thumb amputation following an accident while sliding from the top of a handrail.The patient presented with skin and bone avulsion at the MCP I,avulsion of the FPL tendon at the musculotendinous junction(zone 5),avulsion of the extensor pollicis longus tendon(zone T3),and avulsion of the thumb’s collateral arteries and nerves.The patient was treated with two stage thumb repair.The first intervention consisted of thumb replantation with MCP I arthrodesis,resection of avulsed FPL tendon and implantation of a silicone tendon prosthesis.The second intervention consisted of PL tendon graft and BR tendon transfer.Follow-up at 10 months showed good outcomes with active interphalangeal flexion of 70°,grip strength of 45 kg,key pinch strength of 15 kg and two-point discrimination threshold of 4 mm.CONCLUSION Flexion restoration after complete thumb amputation with FPL avulsion at the musculotendinous junction can be achieved using BR tendon transfer with PL tendon graft.

Ultra-tight GPS/INS integration based long-range rocket projectile navigation method

Accurate navigation is important for long-range rocket projectile＇s precise striking. To obtain stable and high-per- formance navigation result, a ultra-tight global positioning system/inertial navigation system （GPS/INS） integration based nav- igation approach is proposed. The accurate short-time output of INS is used by GPS receiver to assist in acquisition of signal, and output information of INS and GPS is fused based on federated filter. Meanwhile, the improved cubature Kalman filter with strong tracking ability is chosen to serve as the local filter, and then the federated filter is enhanced based on vector sharing theory. Finally, simulation results show that the navigation accuracy with the proposed method is higher than that with traditional methods. It provides reference for long-range rocket projectile navigation.

In- and Anti-transition of Firing Patterns Induced by Random Long-range Connections in Coupled Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons System

The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.

Ag、Cu、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt的Long-range Finis-Sinclair势构建及其二元合金形成焓的计算

构建了fcc金属Cu、Ag、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt的Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势,并利用晶格常数、体弹性模量和金属的内聚能的实验数据拟合了这几种金属的Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势参数;利用Miedema理论和所构建的原子间相互作用势计算了Cu,Ag,Au,Ni,Pd,Pt的二元合金的形成焓.对两种计算结果进行了比较,并与已有的实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,使用Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势计算合金的形成焓能够得到令人满意的结果.

SwinFusion: Cross-domain Long-range Learning for General Image Fusion via Swin Transformer

This study proposes a novel general image fusion framework based on cross-domain long-range learning and Swin Transformer,termed as SwinFusion.On the one hand,an attention-guided cross-domain module is devised to achieve sufficient integration of complementary information and global interaction.More specifically,the proposed method involves an intra-domain fusion unit based on self-attention and an interdomain fusion unit based on cross-attention,which mine and integrate long dependencies within the same domain and across domains.Through long-range dependency modeling,the network is able to fully implement domain-specific information extraction and cross-domain complementary information integration as well as maintaining the appropriate apparent intensity from a global perspective.In particular,we introduce the shifted windows mechanism into the self-attention and cross-attention,which allows our model to receive images with arbitrary sizes.On the other hand,the multi-scene image fusion problems are generalized to a unified framework with structure maintenance,detail preservation,and proper intensity control.Moreover,an elaborate loss function,consisting of SSIM loss,texture loss,and intensity loss,drives the network to preserve abundant texture details and structural information,as well as presenting optimal apparent intensity.Extensive experiments on both multi-modal image fusion and digital photography image fusion demonstrate the superiority of our SwinFusion compared to the state-of-theart unified image fusion algorithms and task-specific alternatives.Implementation code and pre-trained weights can be accessed at https://github.com/Linfeng-Tang/SwinFusion.

Long-range electron synergy over Pt_(1)-Co_(1)/CN bimetallic single-atom catalyst in enhancing charge separation for photocatalytic hydrogen production

The development of novel single-atom catalysts with optimal electron configuration and economical noble-metal cocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production is of great importance,but still challenging.Herein,we fabricate Pt and Co single-atom sites successively on polymeric carbon nitride(CN).In this Pt_(1)-Co_(1)/CN bimetallic single-atom catalyst,the noble-metal active sites are maximized,and the single-atomic Co_(1)N_4sites are tuned to Co_(1)N_3sites by photogenerated electrons arising from the introduced single-atomic Pt_(1)N_4sites.Mechanism studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the 3d orbitals of Co_(1)N_3single sites are filled with unpaired d-electrons,which lead to the improved visible-light response,carrier separation and charge migration for CN photocatalysts.Thereafter,the protons adsorption and activation are promoted.Taking this advantage of long-range electron synergy in bimetallic single atomic sites,the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity over Pt_(1)-Co_(1)/CN achieves 915.8 mmol g^(-1)Pt h^(-1),which is 19.8 times higher than Co_(1)/CN and 3.5 times higher to Pt_(1)/CN.While this electron-synergistic effect is not so efficient for Pt nanoclusters.These results demonstrate the synergistic effect at electron-level and provide electron-level guidance for the design of efficient photocatalysts.

Super long-range diffusion of carbon during proeutectoid ferrite transformation

In order to explore the possible diffusion distance of carbon during proeutectoid ferrite transformation, a slow cooling test of low carbon steel was carried out under vacuum of the thermal simulator. The microstructure and thermal expansion curve were discussed and the carbon concentration inside the sample was measured. The ferrite layer of about 450 μm thickness was obtained without pearlite on the surface of the sample in the microstructure. The thermal expansion curve shows that the ferrite layer without pearlite is formed during the local phase transformation, which is followed by the global transformation. The carbon concentration in the core of the sample (0.061%) is significantly higher than that of the bulk material (0.054%). All results show that carbon has long-range diffusion from the outer layer to the inner layer of the sample. The transformation is predominantly interface-controlled mode during local transformation, and the interface migration rate is about 2.25 μm/s.

The influence of magnetic field on the beam quality of relativistic electron beam long-range propagation in near-Earth environment

In recent years,it has been proposed to use satellite-mounted radio-frequency(RF)accelerators to produce high-current relativistic electron beams to complete debris removal tasks.However,when simulating the long-range propagation(km-range)process of the electron beam,it is difficult to directly use the particle-in-cell method to simultaneously consider the space charge effect of beam and the influence of the geomagnetic field.Owing to these limitations,in this paper,we proposed a simplified method.The ps-range electronic micropulses emitted by the RF accelerator were transmitted and fused to form a ns-range electron beam;then,combined with the improved moving window technology,the model was constructed to simulate the long-range propagation process of the relativistic electron beam in near-Earth environment.Finally,by setting the direction of movement of the beam to be parallel,perpendicular and at an inclination of 3°to the magnetic field,we analyzed and compared the effects of the applied magnetic fields in different directions on the quality of the beam during long-range propagation.The simulation results showed that the parallel state of the beam motion and magnetic fields should be achieved as much as possible to ensure the feasibility of the space debris removal.

Self-sustained target waves in excitable media with only a long-range link

In this paper we investigate spatiotemporal pattern formation in excitable media with only a long-range link. Besides the trivial solutions of spiral patterns, we find the asymptotic self-sustained target waves in the autonomous tissues. The wave source supporting this kind of new pattern is the oscillatory one-dimensional Winfree-loop self- organized under the presence of a long-range link, which is explored by the dominant phase-advanced driving method. Based on this understanding we can effectively regulate the oscillations of excitable media by suitably arranging the long-range link, including construction of self-sustained target waves with controllable period and wave length, or manipulation of system states between different patterns.

Preliminary research on the relationship between long-range correlations and predictability

By establishing the Markov model for a long-range correlated time series （LRCS） and analysing its evolutionary characteristics, this paper defines a physical effective correlation length （ECL） T, which reflects the predictability of the LRCS. It also finds that the ECL has a better power law relation with the long-range correlated exponent γ of the LRCS： T = Kexp（-γ/0.3） ＋ Y, （0 〈 γ〈 1） the predictability of the LRCS decays exponentially with the increase of γ It is then applied to a daily maximum temperature series （DMTS） recorded at 740 stations in China between the years 1960-2005 and calculates the ECL of the DMTS. The results show the remarkable regional distributive feature that the ECL is about 10-14 days in west, northwest and northern China, and about 5-10 days in east, southeast and southern China. Namely, the predictability of the DMTS is higher in central-west China than in east and southeast China. In addition, the ECL is reduced by 1-8 days in most areas of China after subtracting the seasonal oscillation signal of the DMTS from its original DMTS; however, it is only slightly altered when the decadal linear trend is removed from the original DMTS. Therefore, it is shown that seasonal oscillation is a significant component of daily maximum temperature evolution and may provide a basis for predicting daily maximum temperatures. Seasonal oscillation is also significant for guiding general weather predictions, as well as seasonal weather predictions.

THE VLASOV-POISSON-BOLTZMANN SYSTEM NEAR MAXWELLIANS FOR LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS

In this article, we are concerned with the construction of global smooth small-amplitude solutions to the Cauchy problem of the one species Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system near Maxwellians for long-range interactions. Compared with the former result obtained by Duan and Liu in [12] for the two species model, we do not ask the initial perturbation to satisfy the neutral condition and our result covers all physical collision kernels for the full range of intermolecular repulsive potentials.

A Long-Range Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm for a DFIG Based Wind Energy System

This paper presents a new Long-range generalized predictive controller in the synchronous reference frame for a wind energy system doubly-fed induction generator based. This controller uses the state space equations that consider the rotor current and voltage as state and control variables, to execute the predictive control action. Therefore, the model of the plant must be transformed into two discrete transference functions, by means of an auto-regressive moving average model, in order to attain a discrete and decoupled controller, which makes it possible to treat it as two independent single-input single-output systems instead of a magnetic coupled multiple-input multiple-output system. For achieving that, a direct power control strategy is used, based on the past and future rotor currents and voltages estimation. The algorithm evaluates the rotor current predictors for a defined prediction horizon and computes the new rotor voltages that must be injected to controlling the stator active and reactive powers. To evaluate the controller performance, some simulations were made using Matlab/Simulink. Experimental tests were carried out with a small-scale prototype assuming normal operating conditions with constant and variable wind speed profiles. Finally, some conclusions respect to the dynamic performance of this new controller are summarized.

Analysis of Long-Range Transmission Loss in the West Pacific Ocean

A long-range sound propagation experiment was conducted in the West Pacific Ocean in July 2013. Linear frequency-modulated signals with a frequency band of 260-360Hz were transmitted by a transducer hung on a floating ship during the experiment and were received by a horizontal line array towed by another ship sailing away from the transducer. The maximum distance between the two ships was 1029km. Signals were received at the distances 34-220 kin, 612-635 km and 926-1029 kin. Transmission loss versus distance between source and receiver was obtained and compared with the theoretical results predicted by the parabolic equation method program RAM. It is shown that RAM is adequate for estimating the transmission loss for distances up to 1029km. When the water depth is larger than the surface conjugate depth, the ocean bottom rarely influences the transmission loss in the convergence zones. However, in the opposite situation, the ocean bottom contributes significantly to the transmission loss.

Edge states enhanced by long-range hopping:An analytical study

We analyze the behavior of edge states in long-range(LR)interacting systems.In terms of lattice model Hamiltonian with the LR coupling,we determine analytically the condition of existence of edge states within the transfer matrix method(TMM).The expressions we obtain are general and hold for any choice of the LR hopping.The reason why edge states can appear is the transfer matrix in the bulk different from that in the boundary layers.Our predictions are in good agreement with numerical results by exact diagonalization.Our result is helpful in solving novel edge states in oneand two-dimensional(2D)superconductors with LR hopping and pairing.

Dynamics of the Random Ising Model with Long-Range Interaction

Critical dynamics of the random Ising model with long-range interaction decaying as r-(d+σ) where d is the dimensionality) is studied by the theoretic renormalization-group approach. The system is released to an evolution within a model A dynamics. Asymptotic scaling laws are studied in a frame of the expansion in = 2σ - d. In dimensions d ＜ 2σ. the dynamic exponent z is calculated to the second order in at the random fixed point.

Exact solutions of non-Hermitian chains with asymmetric long-range hopping under specific boundary conditions

We study the one-dimensional general non-Hermitian models with asymmetric long-range hopping and explore how to analytically solve the systems under some specific boundary conditions.Although the introduction of long-range hopping terms prevents us from finding analytical solutions for arbitrary boundary parameters,we identify the existence of exact solutions when the boundary parameters fulfill some constraint relations,which give the specific boundary conditions.Our analytical results show that the wave functions take simple forms and are independent of hopping range,while the eigenvalue spectra display rich model-dependent structures.Particularly,we find the existence of a special point coined as pseudo-periodic boundary condition,for which the eigenvalues are the same as those of the periodical system when the hopping parameters fulfill certain conditions,whereas the eigenstates display the non-Hermitian skin effect.

Electronic properties of one-dimensional systems with long-range correlated binary potentials

We study numerically the electronic properties of one-dimensional systems with long-range correlated binary potentials. The potentials are mapped from binary sequences with a power-law power spectrum over the entire frequency range, which is characterized by correlation exponent β. We find the localization length ζ increases withβ. At system sizes N →∞, there are no extended states. However, there exists a transition at a threshold ζ. Whenβ 〉 βc, we obtain ζ 〉 0. On the other hand, at finite system sizes, ζ≥ N may happen at certain β, which makes the system ＂metallic＂, and the upper-bound system size N＊ （β） is given.

High resolution photoassociation spectra of an ultracold Cs_2 long-range 0_u^+ (6S_(1/2)+6P_(1/2) ) state

In this paper, ultracold cesium molecules are formed through photoassociation technology, which is carried out in a magneto-optical trap. High resolution photoassociaion spectra with the rotational progressions up to J = 7 are obtained. Three rovibrational levels of the long-range 0＋ state of Cs2 below the （6S1/2 ＋ 6P1/2） dissociation limit are specifically investigated. By fitting their binding energy intervals to the non-rigid rotational model, the rotational constant of the long- range 0u＋ state is determined. A proportional dependence of the value of the rotational constant on the vibrational quantum number is demonstrated.

LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS IN DNA SEQUENCES USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL DNA WALKS

The characterization of long-range correlations and fractal properties of DNA sequences has proved to be adifficult though rewarding task mainly due to the mosaic character of DNA consisting of many patches of various lengthswith different nucleotide constitutions.In this paper we investigate statistical correlations among different positions in DNAsequences using the two-dimensional DNA walk.The root-mean-square fluctuation F(l)is described by a power law.Theautocorrelation function C(l),which is used to measure the linear dependence and periodicity,exists a power law ofC(l)-l^(-μ).We also calculate the mean-square distance<R^2(l)>along the DNA chain,and it may be expressed as<R^2(l)>-l^(?)with 2>γ>1.Our investigations can provide some insights into long-range correlations in DNA sequences.