Wind Vibration Study of Long-span Steel Arch Structure of Beijing Capital International Airport

The wind-induced dynamic response of long-span light-weight steel arch structure of the global transportation center (GTC) of Beijing Capital International Airport was studied. A composite technique with combination of WAWS(Weighted Amplitude Wavelet Superposition) and FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation) was introduced to simulate wind velocity time series of hundreds of spatial points simultaneously. The structural shape factors of wind load was obtained from wind tunnel model test. The wind vibration factor based on structural displacement response was investigated. After comparing the computational results with wind tunnel model test data, it was found out that the two results accord with each other if wind comes from 0° direction angle, but are quite different if wind comes from 180° direction angle in the area blocked off by airport terminals. The possible reasons of this difference were analyzed. Haar wavelet was used to transform and analyze wind velocity time series and structural wind-induced dynamic responses. The relationship between exciting wind loads and structural responses was studied in time and frequency domains.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Welded Joints in Arch Ribs of Large Span Steel Pipe Arch Bridges

In order to study the residual stress distribution law of welded joints of arch ribs of large-span steel pipe concrete arch bridges,numerical simulation of temperature,stress and strain fields based on ABAQUS for welded joints of arch-ribbed steel tubes using 7-,8-and 9-layer welds is carried out and its accuracy is demonstrated.The steel pipe welding temperature changes,residual stress distribution,different processes residual stress changes in the law,the prediction of post-weld residual stress distribution and deformation are studied in this paper.The results show that the temperature field values and test results are more consistent with the accuracy of numerical simulation of welding,the welding process is mainly in the form of heat transfer;Residual high stresses are predominantly distributed in the Fusion zone(FZ)and Heat-affected zone(HAZ),with residual stress levels tending to decrease from the center of the weld along the axial path,the maximum stress appears in the FZ and HAZ junction;The number of welding layers has an effect on the residual stress distribution,the number of welding layers increases,the residual stress tends to decrease,while the FZ and HAZ high stress area range shrinks;Increasing the number of plies will increase the amount of residual distortion.

Seismic response of the long-span steel truss arch bridge with the thrust under multidimensional excitation

Purpose–Under different ground motion excitation modes,the spatial coupling effect of seismic response for the arch bridge with thrust,seismic weak parts and the internal force components of the control section of main arch ribs are analyzed.Design/methodology/approach–Taking a 490 m deck type railway steel truss arch bridge as the background,the dynamic calculation model of the whole bridge was established by SAP2000 software.The seismic response analyses under one-,two-and three-dimension(1D,2D and 3D)uniform ground motion excitations were carried out.Findings–For the steel truss arch bridge composed of multiple arch ribs,any single direction ground motion excitation will cause large axial force in the chord of arch rib.The axial force caused by transverse and vertical ground motion excitation in the chord of arch crown area is 1.4–3.6 times of the corresponding axial force under longitudinal seismic excitation.The in-plane bending moment caused by the lower chord at the vault is 4.2–5.5 times of the corresponding bending moment under the longitudinal seismic excitation.For the bottom chord of arch rib,the arch foot is the weak part of earthquake resistance,but for the upper chord of arch rib,the arch foot,arch crown and the intersection of column and upper chord can all be the potential earthquake-resistant weak parts.The normal stress of the bottom chord of the arch rib under multidimensional excitation is mainly caused by the axial force,but the normal stress of the upper chord of the arch rib is caused by the axial force,in-plane and out of plane bending moment.Originality/value–The research provides specific suggestions for ground motion excitation mode and also provides reference information for the earthquake-resistant weak part and seismic design of long-span deck type railway steel truss arch bridges.

Longitudinal force in continuously welded rail on long-span tied arch continuous bridge carrying multiple tracks

Considering arch rib, lateral brace, suspender, girder, pier and track position, the model for the interaction between long-span tied arch continuous bridge and multiple tracks was established by using steel-concrete composite section beam element to simulate concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch rib, using the beam element with rigid arm to simulate the prestressed concrete girder and using nonlinear bar element to simulate longitudinal constraint between track and bridge. Taking a(77+3×156.8+77) m tied arch continuous bridge with four tracks on the Harbin-Qiqihar Passenger Dedicated Line as an example, the arrangement of continuously welded rail(CWR) was explored. The longitudinal force in CWR on the tied arch continuous bridge, the pier top horizontal force and torque due to the unbalance load case, were analyzed under the action of temperature, vertical live load, train braking and wind load.Studies show that, it can significantly reduce track displacement to set the track expansion devices at main span arch springing on both sides; the track stress due to arch temperature variation can reach 40.8 MPa; the track stress, pier top horizontal force and torque are related to the number of loaded tracks and train running direction, and the bending force applied to unloaded track is close to the loaded track, while the braking force applied to unloaded track is 1/4 to 1/2 of the loaded track; the longitudinal force of track due to the wind load is up to 12.4 MPa, which should be considered.

Seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular arch structures

Shaking table tests of a 1:10 scale arch model performed to investigate the seismic behavior and resistance of concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) arch structures are described in this paper. The El-Centro record and Shanghai artificial wave were adopted as the input excitation. The entire test process can be divided into three stages depending on the lateral brace configurations, i.e., fully (five) braced, two braces removed, and all braces removed. A total of 46 tests, starting from the elastic state to failure condition, have been conducted. The natural vibration frequencies, responses of acceleration, displacement and strain were measured. From the test results, it is demonstrated that the CFT arch structures are capable of resisting severe ground motions and that CFT arches offer a credible alternative to reinforced concrete arches, especially in regions of high seismic intensity.

Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

A Survey of Steel Arch Bridges in China

A review of the current status and progress of steel arch bridges in China is presented in this paper. The existing steel arch bridges in China were analyzed in terms of steel material, span, structure type, main arch rib form and construction method. The comparison with CFST arch bridges and RC arch bridges is also conducted. It is shown that steel arch bridge has gain rapid development in China since 2000, characterized by long main spans. As for the span, most of the steel arch bridges have a span less than 250 m, while when the span exceeds 350 m, steel arch bridges are strongly competitive against CFST or RC arch bridges. Over 80% of the bridges are through and half-through bridge types, and the arch ribs are hingeless structures. The rise-to-span ratios of the arches are mainly between 1：4 and 1： 5. Most of the arches use solid box ribs, and a small portion of arches use truss ribs in which box sections are mostly adopted for the truss members. The cantilever method and scaffolding method are the two main construction methods used, but some other construction methods have also been developed.

Aφ6-m Tunnel Boring Machine Steel Arch Splicing Manipulator

Robotic splicing of steel arches is a challenging task that is necessary to realize the grasping and docking of steel arches in a limited space.Steel arches often have a mass of more than 200 kg and length of more than 4 m.Owing to the large volume and mass of steel arches and the high requirements for accurately positioning the splicing,it is difficult for a general manipulator to meet the stiffness requirements.To enhance the structural stiffness of the steel arch splicing manipulator,a single-degree-of-freedom(DOF)closed-loop mechanism was added to the grasping structure of the manipulator.Based on the basic principle of structural synthesis,a solution model of the single-DOF closed-loop mechanism was developed,and alternative kinematic pairs of the mechanism with different input constraints and output requirements were derived.Based on this model,a design method for a single-DOF closed-loop grasping mechanism and a posture adjustment mechanism for a steel arch was devised.Combined with the same dimensional subspace equivalence principle of the graphical-type synthesis method,12 types of steel arch splicing manipulator were constructed.By analyzing the motion/force transmission and structural complexity of the steel arch splicing manipulators,the best scheme was selected.A prototype of the steel arch splicing manipulator was manufactured.Adams software was used to obtain clearly the output trajectory of the end of the manipulator.The relative spatial positions of the upper and lower jaws under different working stages were analyzed,demonstrating that the manipulator satisfied the grasping requirements.Through a steel arch splicing experiment,the grasping effect,docking accuracy,and splicing efficiency of the manipulator met the design requirements.The steel arch splicing manipulator can replace the manual completion of the steel arch splicing operation,significantly improving the operation efficiency.

In-Plane Creep Buckling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%

Research on Construction Process of Steel Box Girder Bridge and Its Stress Analysis

The paper introduce the construction method of large segment hosting and its difficulty, and drawing up corresponding liner and stress monitoring plan. The paper gives the calculation method of shear area for such a big cantilever thin-walled steel box girder section, namely the shear coefficient computation theory of Professor Hu Haichang, and the use of this shear area perfect beam element model, structure model and the experiment prove that the shell model is more consistent, given a certain reference for similar section project.

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

Analysis of Key Technologies in the Design of Small and Medium Span Basket Type Steel Box Tied Arch Bridge

In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of small and medium span basket type steel box tied arch bridge,this paper takes a practical project as an example to analyze the key technologies in its design process.It is hoped that this analysis can provide corresponding reference for the design and construction of this kind of arch bridge.

外嵌钢板UHPC无腹筋梁抗剪性能试验研究

超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)构件通常设计为无腹筋梁等薄壁形式,以适应结构装配化的需求。为提高UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪承载力并简化施工,提出外嵌钢板UHPC无腹筋梁的新型结构形式。选取钢板面积、间距、倾斜角度、单侧或双侧布置为试验参数,完成7片UHPC梁的抗剪性能试验,获得各试验梁的裂缝分布、破坏模式、抗剪承载力及剪切延性等结果。基于桁架-拱理论,提出外嵌钢板UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪计算模型,推导了相应的计算公式。结果表明:外嵌钢板能够有效提升UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪强度,斜裂缝均能越过钢板,钢板能起到和箍筋类似的作用;将箍筋分项抗剪贡献换算为等量钢板的外嵌钢板梁承载力略低于有腹筋梁,在同等用钢量下,钢板单、双侧布置对承载力影响不大;斜向钢板试件裂缝发展更为充分,双面外嵌钢板梁表现出较好的剪切延性;按桁架-拱理论的计算值与试验值之比为1.02,吻合较好。外嵌斜钢板梁表现出良好的结构性能,具有较好的研究潜力和应用前景。

车辆参数对大跨钢管混凝土拱桥车桥耦合振动响应的影响规律研究

车辆运行会引起桥梁振动,随着跨径增大,桥梁非线性增加,车桥耦合作用愈加明显.本文以575 m大跨钢管混凝土拱桥广西平南三桥为研究对象,对其开展了脉动试验和现场无障碍行车试验,同时建立了精细化车桥耦合有限元模型,进行了不同车速、车重影响下的车桥耦合振动响应分析,探索其响应规律,并提取桥梁重要截面处的冲击系数与现行规范计算值比较,讨论现行规范对该桥的适用性.结果表明:计算结果与现场脉动试验结果吻合良好,不同工况下的动应变时程曲线变化趋势基本一致.车速在20 km/h~60 km/h范围内,该桥的动力响应与车速大小无明显关系,当车速超过60 km/h时,挠度会随车速增加而急剧增大.车重增加会导致该桥最大动挠度增加,冲击系数减小,但桥梁实际的总响应并未减小.因此,严格控制过桥车辆的速度和车重,可有效降低行车荷载对桥梁的冲击效应.

山区拱桥双层无缆塔缆索吊施工技术

平绵高速武都至九寨沟段尖山沟特大桥主桥为主跨220 m的上承式钢管混凝土拱桥,左、右幅分离式布置,两幅净间距30 m。大桥位于U形山谷,不具备支架法施工条件,拱肋采用缆索吊及扣挂法悬臂拼装,其它构件均采用缆索吊安装。从材料设备投入、吊装覆盖范围、施工进度及操作难度方面,对缆扣合建、缆扣分离和无缆塔缆索吊方案进行比选,推荐采用无缆塔缆索吊作为实施方案。在60 t主缆索吊上方设置1台15 t辅助工作缆索吊,形成双层无缆塔缆索吊系统,进行缆索吊锚碇构件运输安装;为节约缆索吊成本,利用桥位山体设置主索可横移锚碇,通过缆索吊主索横移实现单组主索横移分榀安装钢管拱肋。双层无缆塔缆索吊立体同步作业,提高了施工效率。

空间异形钢结构拱桥拱脚局部应力分析

空间异形钢结构拱桥设计计算比较复杂,以锦言大桥为例,对空间异形钢结构拱桥拱脚钢混结合段进行有限元建模分析,采用板单元模拟钢结构,采用实体单元模拟混凝土结构,采用线单元模拟预应力钢束。根据桥梁总体结构模型最不利作用组合计算结果获取钢拱肋在拱脚位置结构受力,通过对拱脚相关构件进行分析计算,提出拱脚的设计思路及施工注意事项,为相关桥梁提供一些参考价值。

城区复杂条件下V形墩钢-混组合连续梁桥临时工程专项设计研究

本研究以双桥路道路工程施工为平台,开展城区复杂条件下V形墩钢-混组合连续梁桥支架体系研究。结合项目地形、地质特点及受限空间等多方面工况,利用三维建模及结构计算等手段综合考虑设计一套安全风险可控、经济价值高的临时工程体系,同时,结合施工工序,将下部结构V形墩、钢箱梁顶推、上部结构混凝土箱梁等主要结构的支架统筹考虑,周转利用,节约施工工期,降低施工成本。

先梁后拱施工技术在钢结构系杆拱桥施工中的应用

下承式钢结构系杆拱桥以其独特的结构特性,在市政和公路工程中得到了广泛应用。结合上海市临洮路吴淞江桥的施工,进一步深入分析“先梁后拱”施工技术在大跨度下承式钢结构系杆拱桥施工中的应用,详细介绍“先梁后拱”的施工流程、关键工序、施工监控等施工技术,旨在为桥梁工程领域类似工程提供技术参考与实践指导。

大跨度钢桁梁拱桥柔性拱整体提升施工关键技术

清水坪乌江大桥主跨为240 m的下承式钢桁梁柔性拱桥,拱肋结构跨度大、自重大、施工复杂。主拱肋采用“两端原位拼装+中间段先卧拼后整体提升”的施工方案,整体提升过程中设置水平索以控制主拱肋受力和变形,根据施工阶段的实际受力需求采取多工况提吊及水平张拉方法;具体介绍了拼装支架的布置和提升支架的结构。使用有限元分析软件进行模拟分析,保证了整体受力的安全性和抗风稳定性。施工中采用计算机控制液压同步提升技术,高效、经济、顺利的完成主拱肋架设工作。