Natural aging mechanism of buried polyethylene pipelines during long-term service

Currently,accelerated aging tests are widely used to study the aging process of polyethylene pipelines.However,this approach can only simulate one or several main influencing factors in the natural environment,which are often quite different from the actual environment of the buried pipelines.In this study,five types of PE80 buried pipelines in service for 9e18 years were taken as the research object,while new PE80 pipelines were taken as the reference group.The aging process and mechanism of polyethylene buried pipelines were studied through mechanical and chemical property tests and microstructural analysis.The results showed that the pipeline exhibited cross-linking as the main aging mechanism after being in service for 0e18 years.The aging degree and law of the inner and outer surface of the pipeline were compared,and the observed mechanism of both surfaces was explained.After 18 years in service,the elongation at the break of the pipe decreased by 16.2%,and the toughness of the matrix in the main collapse area of the tensile sample was the fundamental reason responsible for changes in the mechanical properties.Finally,after 18 years in service,the oxidation induction time of the pipeline was 25.7 min,which was 28.5% higher than the national standard value.There were no potential safety hazards during continuous long-term service.The results of this paper provide reference data and theoretical guidance for the aging process study of buried polyethylene pipelines.

Effect of long-term service on the precipitates in P92 steel

The precipitates in P92 steel after long-term service in an ultra-supercritical unit were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and were found to mainly consist of M23 C6 carbides,Laves phase,and MX carbonitrides.No Z-phase was observed.M23 C6 carbides and Laves phase were found not only on prior austenite grain boundaries,martensite lath boundaries,and subgrain boundaries but also in lath interiors,where two types of MX carbonitrides—Nb-rich and V-rich particles—were also observed but the "winged" complexes were hardly found.Each kind of precipitate within the martensite laths exhibited multifarious morphologies,suggesting that a morphological change of precipitates occurred during long-term service.The M23 C6 carbides and Laves phase coarsened substantially,and the latter grew faster than the former.However,MX carbonitrides exhibited a relatively low coarsening rate.The effect of the evolution of the precipitate phases on the creep rupture strength of P92 steel was discussed.

The research of the community-home elderly long-term care service system

With the rapid development of the aging of the population, the demand of long-term care services in the elderly is growing. Because of family miniaturization, core, and currently limited social accumulation are difficult to meet the demand of the elderly in long-term care.Community provides the elderly long-term care services, and provides the elderly all kinds of household helping services. They just make up for the inadequacy of the family and society.And how to make the community elderly long-term care services become more suitable for the needs of the elderly at home, provide better service for the elderly, are our current problems to be solved.

Integrating beneficiaries into assessment of ecosystem services from managed forests at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,USA

Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem services.Methods：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall benefit provided by managed watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest over a 45-year period,using standardized measures of service capacity weighted by service importance weights derived from a survey of beneficiaries.Results：The capacity of watersheds to regulate water flow and quality was high in all watersheds throughout the study period,whereas cultural services such as scenic beauty declined after harvest.Impacts on greenhouse gas regulation depended on the efficiency with which harvested biomass was used.Surveys revealed that stakeholders placed high value on all ecosystem services,with regulating and cultural services seen as more important than provisioning services.When service metrics were weighted by survey responses and aggregated into a single measure,total service provision followed the same overall trend as greenhouse gas regulation.Where biomass use was less efficient in terms of greenhouse gas emissions,harvesting resulted in an overall ＂ecosystem service debt＂;where use was more efficient,this ＂ecosystem service debt＂ was reduced.Beneficiaries＇ educational backgrounds significantly affected overall assessment of service provision.Beneficiaries with college or university degrees incurred smaller ＂ecosystem service debts＂ and were less negatively affected by harvesting overall.Conclusions：This study highlights the importance of including empirical measures of beneficiary preference when attempting to quantify overall provision of ecosystem services to human beneficiaries over time.

Skill Assessment of Copernicus Climate Change Service Seasonal Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts over Iran

Medium to long-term precipitation forecasting plays a pivotal role in water resource management and development of warning systems.Recently,the Copernicus Climate Change Service(C3S)database has been releasing monthly forecasts for lead times of up to three months for public use.This study evaluated the ensemble forecasts of three C3S models over the period 1993-2017 in Iran’s eight classified precipitation clusters for one-to three-month lead times.Probabilistic and non-probabilistic criteria were used for evaluation.Furthermore,the skill of selected models was analyzed in dry and wet periods in different precipitation clusters.The results indicated that the models performed best in western precipitation clusters,while in the northern humid cluster the models had negative skill scores.All models were better at forecasting upper-tercile events in dry seasons and lower-tercile events in wet seasons.Moreover,with increasing lead time,the forecast skill of the models worsened.In terms of forecasting in dry and wet years,the forecasts of the models were generally close to observations,albeit they underestimated several severe dry periods and overestimated a few wet periods.Moreover,the multi-model forecasts generated via multivariate regression of the forecasts of the three models yielded better results compared with those of individual models.In general,the ECMWF and UKMO models were found to be appropriate for one-month-ahead precipitation forecasting in most clusters of Iran.For the clusters considered in Iran and for the long-range system versions considered,the Météo France model had lower skill than the other models.

The Relationship with Previous Use of Community-Based Services and Informal Caregiver Support and Elderly and Informal Caregivers’ Views of Living Arrangement: Analysis of Official Statistics from 2004 to 2014

Background and Objectives: Views on living arrangement from elderly and informal caregivers are crucial to “ageing in place”. They might be related to the experience in the use of elderly care services, which remains inconclusive in previous literature. This study aimed to explore the association of previous experience in formal and informal long-term care services with views of both elderly and their informal caregivers on living arrangement. Research Design and Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Assessment records of Minimum Data Set-Home Care for community-dwelling elderly who were eligible for subsidized long-term care services in Hong Kong from 2004 to 2014 were made available. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to examine associations between both views on elder’s living arrangement from the elderly, caregivers and their previous informal caregiver support, and experience in formal care services. Results: 82,306 dyads of elderly and informal caregivers were included in the analysis. The elderly with previous use of home and community-based services (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80 - 0.88) and informal caregivers (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.76 - 0.81) believed that the elderly should live away from home. Temporal trends of fewer elderly and caregivers supporting the idea of living away from home were also observed. Discussion and Implications: The results highlighted the importance of informal caregiver’s support and previous utilization of formal home and community-based services. It was concluded that resources and information of community-based care have a significant association with views on living at home also proper support services and training of care for the elderly should be made available to informal caregivers to reduce their burden.

公立医院规范患者陪诊服务的关键要素分析

目的研究并明确公立医院规范患者陪诊服务的关键要素,以提高患者陪诊体验。方法随机选取上海16家公立医院中的1070名患者为调查对象进行问卷调查,采用描述性统计、二元logistic回归模型和多元线性回归分析,分析患者陪诊服务使用意愿影响因素。结果愿意使用陪诊服务的患者占调查总人数的22.8%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,患者的性别、学历对陪诊服务的使用意愿均产生正向影响(回归系数分别为0.312、0.991,P<0.001),患者居住地对陪诊服务的使用意愿产生负向影响(回归系数为-0.030,P<0.001)。患者使用顾虑主要是“信任问题”“陪诊人员专业医护背景”“收费问题”,对使用意愿均产生影响(P<0.001)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,患者的认知水平和满意度对使用意愿均产生正向影响。结论目前,患者对陪诊服务的总体认知不足,使用意愿不高,公立医院可从陪诊服务质量和安全问题、陪诊人员专业素质以及建立监管反馈机制等方面入手规范陪诊服务,提高患者满意度,减轻医疗服务压力。

伴随式服务导向下地块公共空间设计管控研究——以广州南沙明珠湾起步区为例

在城市设计视角下,良性的公共空间设计管控包括获得理想的设计方案以及有序的实施过程。以地块公共空间及其设计管控为研究对象,辨析“地块公共空间”的概念与属性,推演设计管控及全流程伴随式服务需求,提出伴随式服务导向的地块公共空间设计管控策略,即在规划设计阶段,以精细化技术提升设计管控的科学性;在建设实施阶段,以规范化制度提高设计管控的实效性;在运维管理阶段,以多主体治理优化设计管控的长效性。同时,结合广州南沙明珠湾起步区滨水绿地、口袋公园的设计管控实践,验证了刚性管控与弹性引导的技术体系。

家属陪伴导乐服务联合药物镇痛对自然分娩产妇产程时间及妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨分析家属陪伴导乐服务联合药物镇痛在自然分娩产妇中的应用效果与价值。方法 采用目的抽样法纳入我院产科2023年1月至2023年8月收治的100例自然分娩产妇,依据随机数字表法将纳入样本分入两组(对照组、观察组,各50例),对照组采取新产程标准下自由体位进行自然分娩,观察组接受家属陪伴导乐服务联合药物镇痛进行自然分娩,比较两组产程时间、分娩疼痛强度、妊娠结局。结果 观察组第一、第二、第三以及总产程时间均较对照组更短(P <0.05)。频繁宫缩期、宫口全开、分娩时不同时间点,观察组视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分均较对照组更低(P <0.05)。观察组阴道助产、会阴裂伤、宫缩乏力出血等不良妊娠结局发生率6.00%较对照组20.00%更低(P <0.05)。结论 家属陪伴导乐服务联合药物镇痛对自然分娩产妇产程时间缩短、疼痛强度减轻以及妊娠结局改善等均可产生积极影响。

Video caching and scheduling with edge cooperation

In this paper,we explore a distributed collaborative caching and computing model to support the distribution of adaptive bit rate video streaming.The aim is to reduce the average initial buffer delay and improve the quality of user experience.Considering the difference between global and local video popularities and the time-varying characteristics of video popularity,a two-stage caching scheme is proposed to push popular videos closer to users and minimize the average initial buffer delay.Based on both long-term content popularity and short-term content popularity,the proposed caching solution is decouple into the proactive cache stage and the cache update stage.In the proactive cache stage,we develop a proactive cache placement algorithm that can be executed in an off-peak period.In the cache update stage,we propose a reactive cache update algorithm to update the existing cache policy to minimize the buffer delay.Simulation results verify that the proposed caching algorithms can reduce the initial buffer delay efficiently.

医疗陪诊服务管理系统的设计与实现

随着社会老龄化进程的加快和信息化技术的发展,医疗陪诊服务的需求也越来越大。为了让就医者在医院看病时能够得到更好的服务和帮助,提高医疗服务的质量和效率,特设计一种医疗陪诊服务管理系统。该系统中专业的陪诊员可以代替患者家属完成预约挂号、排队、问诊、取药等事宜,有效节省患者的就医时间,提升患者的就医体验。同时该系统的陪诊人员还可以成为患者和医生之间的沟通桥梁,增进医患信任,提高患者就医的舒适性和便利性。

基于现状分析的陪诊服务规范化管理标准体系研究

陪诊服务在我国医疗体系中日益重要,但其标准化和专业化程度仍需提升。本文探讨了我国陪诊服务的现状及其面临的挑战,阐明建立规范化管理标准体系的必要性和可行性,提出了一套完善的规范化管理标准体系,提升陪诊服务的质量和效率,保障患者安全与满意度。本文旨在为陪诊服务行业提供理论支持和实践指导,推动我国医疗服务体系向更高质量、更人性化的方向发展。

浅析渔业公益诉讼中非法捕捞案件追诉问题

在渔业公益诉讼案件中,相比于环境污染公益诉讼案件,非法捕捞案件更为常见,其中大部分案件为检察机关办理的非法捕捞刑事附带民事公益诉讼。公安机关在侦办非法捕捞案件中面临诸多难点;检察机关在提起刑事附带民事公益诉讼时面临生态损害后果认定难、具体修复方案确定难等问题;而在具体修复方式中劳务代偿方案又发挥了重要作用。公安机关应多方统筹,跨水域联合打击非法捕捞;检察机关在办理具体案件中应加强与有关部门的沟通,采取替代性修复赔偿方式。

Semantic Region Estimation of Assistant Robot for the Elderly Long-Term Operation in Indoor Environment

In this work, in order to improve spatial recognition abilities for the long-term operation tasks of the assistant robot for the elderly, a novel approach of semantic region estimation is proposed. We define a novel graphbased semantic region descriptions, which are estimated in a dynamically fashion. We propose a two-level update algorithm, namely, Symbols update level and Regions update level. The algorithm firstly adopts particle filter to update weights of the symbols, and then use the Viterbi algorithm to estimate the region the robot stays in based on those weights, optimally. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can solve problems of the long-term operation and kidnapped robot problem.

“伴随式”语言消费的个体差异性研究

作为与人民社会生活以及语言使用者紧密相关的语言现象,语言消费无论是在理论上还是实践中,在现代社会经济生活中发挥着重要作用。以窗口服务行业为供给主体的“伴随式”语言消费在消费需求上存在着个体差异,即不同年龄层次、受教育水平、收入水平和地域对于消费者的“伴随式”语言消费意识和消费意愿存在不同程度的影响。在“伴随式”语言消费过程中,需要语言服务的提供者、消费者和相关的管理部门共同努力,推动语言消费的有序进行,从而推动语言经济和社会经济的发展。

Six Generation Load Cells Solution Based Congestion Management Control Purpose

Several assessing efforts are approved making both communication and information technologies available.In addition to being a part of universal access and service,we aim at assessing the impact of radio access technologies on universal access indicators.The proposed work demonstrates the possibility of inter-working of all existing Radio Access Technologies(RATs),in a limited area presented in the Six Generation Radio Resources Allocation(6 G-A)network.We propose a solution for the Vertical hand Over(VHO)in 6 G-A heterogeneous system,that adopts Media Independent Handover(MIH)protocol to benefit between different used technologies in a direct communication firstly and facilitate,in addition,coordination between congestion controlmechanisms with themobilitymanagement entity.The mathematical model has been developed to deal with locality coverage and broadband needs,based on a methodological approach consisting in integrating parameters linked to access index through radio technologies.This approach has been applied.In practice,it has contributed to highlighting its relative simplicity of implementation,but it is not enough for sixgeneration system radio access networks.The congestion control mechanism is integrated within the vertical handover process,this proposition is used to prevent each presented congestion state.The media independent handover IS equipment,as well as six G-A equipment which are both considered as the whole architecture key equipment,perform and guaranty this related process.Efficient communication is established besides information exchange between various technologies.Achieved evaluation results are performant and prove that proposed mechanisms are efficient.Both simulation and tests results are accomplished.

Ecosystem service availability in view of long-term land-use changes:a regional case study in the Czech Republic

This study aims to analyze how changes in land use influenced the delivery of ecosystem services in Cezava,a South Moravian agricultural region in the Czech Republic,in the period of 1845–2010.An observation of this period covering more than 160 years made it possible to reflect on social forces driving processes of transformation in the country.To capture the landscape multifunctionality and to indicate the environmental quality of the area under study,seven services provided in parallel by arable land,forests,and bodies of water were studied.The quantification of ecosystem services is based primarily on the transfer of values from the existing literature and on chronicle reviews and map analysis.Because looking back to the more distant past is a challenge and reliable information resources are lacking,a simple scoring method defining the functional features of the ecosystems was applied in order to evaluate the change of qualitative characteristics of the observed ecosystems.Besides that,the findings of these integrated assessments were supported by an analysis performed using landscape metrics.A comparison of service provision over the decades revealed that regulating and cultural services were significantly reduced,while provisioning services increased due to the proliferation of arable land,land consolidation,and agricultural intensification.However,a trend of improvement in the delivery of ecosystem services was introduced after 1990.Despite several uncertainties,this study demonstrates that it is possible to analyze long-term land-use trends to generate more meaningful,spatially explicit information,which can form the basis for landscape planning and ecosystem management.

温馨陪伴助产服务在无痛分娩足月单胎头位产妇中的应用效果

目的:观察温馨陪伴助产服务在无痛分娩足月单胎头位产妇中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年6月至2021年7月该院收治的102例行无痛分娩产妇的临床资料,根据入院先后顺序将其分为对照组与观察组各51例,对照组采取常规助产服务,观察组在对照组基础上采取温馨陪伴助产服务,比较两组分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分、产程时间、干预前后负性情绪[状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、流调用中心抑郁量表(CES-D)]评分。结果:两组阴道助产率、新生儿Apgar评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组自然分娩率高于对照组,剖宫产率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组第一、二、三产程时间及总产程时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);入产室时、分娩结束后,观察组STAI、CES-D评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规助产服务基础上采取温馨陪伴助产服可提高无痛分娩足月单胎头位产妇自然分娩率,缩短产程时间,降低剖宫产率和负性情绪评分,其效果优于单纯常规助产服务。

JCI视角下的医院安全勤务陪检体系构建

以JCI视角为切入点展开分析,探讨在"168"勤务中心的基础上构建安全有效的陪检体系。从JCI视角下医院勤务陪检工作常见问题和构建安全勤务陪检体系的背景、具体做法和体会等,介绍了医院后勤管理改革的创新发展之路。

护理人员对陪检人员的满意度调查与分析

目的:了解北京市某三级甲等医院陪检服务的质量现状,指导陪检人员更好地服务于病人。方法:自行设计问卷,调查某三级甲等医院80名护理人员对陪检人员的满意度,问卷内容包括护理人员的一般情况及其对陪检人员的礼仪、服务态度及工作服务质量的评价。结果:有13名(16.25%)护理人员在解释沟通方面对陪检人员不满意,1名(1.25%)很不满意,护士长与护士对陪检人员的仪表、态度、解释沟通、反应及使用文明用语满意度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。陪检人员在运送病人过程中使用安全措施方面欠缺,部分陪检人员对于服务规范限于形式,未认真执行查对和交接程序。结论:进一步加强陪检人员的素质教育及安全护理知识培训,制定规范的病人外出检查流程势在必行。