Survey on the Demand for Elderly Care Services of Community Residents in Beijing and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Objective: To investigate the current situation of the demand for geriatric care services of community residents in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference basis for meeting the demand for diversified and professional geriatric care services. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to randomly survey 1558 elderly individuals at community health service centers in 8 urban districts where elderly care centers were planned to be built. The influencing factors of the different characteristics of elderly care service needs from three aspects were analyzed using a dichotomous logistic regression model: predisposing, enabling, and, need factors. Results: 69.7% of the elderly required home care services, 22.8% wanted to get care services at elderly care centers, 15.9% wanted to get care services at nursing homes, 12.3% required community care services, and 7.4% didn’t know where to access care services. 68.5% of the elderly required care services for disabilities/semi-disabilities, 58.0% for dementia, 54.7% for common diseases, 34.9% for rehabilitation training, 33.0% for plumbing care, and 7.5% for hospice care. At the same time, there were urban- rural differences in the demand for elderly care services, with suburban elderly having a higher demand for care services than those living in urban areas (P < 0.05). The elderly’s demand for care services was mainly related to age, place of residence, and gender in the causative factors, mode of residence and physical condition among able factors, and mode of care services and care needs among need factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The demand for elderly care services was differentiated by factors including place of residence, age, and gender. It is crucial to accurately match the demand for elderly care services, innovate the mode of elderly care services, and improve the service quality to improve the elderly health service system.

Research on the Establishment of a Long-Term Care System for the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease Under the Background of Long-Term Care Insurance: A Literature Review

With the aging of the country’s population structure,the problem of social pensions is becoming more and more serious.As for the issue of social pension,the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease are a special group,and the issue of care services for these elderly has attracted widespread attention from society.However,judging from the current level of social security provided to the elderly with dementia in the country,there is a serious imbalance between supply and demand.Therefore,this problem needs to be solved urgently and is of great significance for further improving the country’s social pension security system.Routine care is limited to hospitals and mainly focuses on the patient’s condition.Patients fail to receive comprehensive care services and the effect is not ideal.Therefore,in order to improve patients’cognitive function and quality of life,and learn from international experience,a“community-institution-home”three-dimensional linkage care model based on long-term care insurance can be established.The application of this model can effectively solve and further improve the country’s elderly care and social security system.

Research on the Construction of Group Elderly Care Service Platform Based on IoT Technology

Internet of Things(IoT)technology is widely used in various fields,and its application in elderly care services has been highlighted in recent years.This study aims to explore how IoT technology can improve the efficiency of group-based elderly care services.The concept,characteristics,and current application status of IoT technology in elderly care services were introduced.Secondly,the characteristics and needs of group elderly care services were analyzed,including advantages and challenges,as well as the expectations and needs of the elderly for elderly care services.The evaluation methods and future development directions of IoT technology in improving the efficiency of group elderly care services were discussed,including data collection and analysis methods,selection and measurement of efficiency evaluation indicators,challenges,and development directions.

Problems and Countermeasures of Intelligent Elderly Care Service in the Context of Fewer Children in China

With the intensification of population aging and the implementation of the three-child policy,the elderly care pressure of Chinese families continues to rise.Therefore,accelerating the construction of a new intelligent elderly care service model is an important measure to actively respond to population aging,ease the burden of family elderly care and promote high-quality economic development.In view of this,this study analyzed the intelligent elderly care service to explore the relevant countermeasures of the intelligent elderly care service in the context of fewer children.

The Relationship with Previous Use of Community-Based Services and Informal Caregiver Support and Elderly and Informal Caregivers’ Views of Living Arrangement: Analysis of Official Statistics from 2004 to 2014

Background and Objectives: Views on living arrangement from elderly and informal caregivers are crucial to “ageing in place”. They might be related to the experience in the use of elderly care services, which remains inconclusive in previous literature. This study aimed to explore the association of previous experience in formal and informal long-term care services with views of both elderly and their informal caregivers on living arrangement. Research Design and Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Assessment records of Minimum Data Set-Home Care for community-dwelling elderly who were eligible for subsidized long-term care services in Hong Kong from 2004 to 2014 were made available. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to examine associations between both views on elder’s living arrangement from the elderly, caregivers and their previous informal caregiver support, and experience in formal care services. Results: 82,306 dyads of elderly and informal caregivers were included in the analysis. The elderly with previous use of home and community-based services (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80 - 0.88) and informal caregivers (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.76 - 0.81) believed that the elderly should live away from home. Temporal trends of fewer elderly and caregivers supporting the idea of living away from home were also observed. Discussion and Implications: The results highlighted the importance of informal caregiver’s support and previous utilization of formal home and community-based services. It was concluded that resources and information of community-based care have a significant association with views on living at home also proper support services and training of care for the elderly should be made available to informal caregivers to reduce their burden.

The home healthcare nursing services provided to the elderly patients: a systematic review

Background:Home healthcare(HHC)services entail quality and transitional care offered to patients.Doctors recommend HHC to the elderly patients to manage conditions and improve outcomes outside inpatient setting.The systematic review aimed to assess the home health care nurse services to elderly patients.The question of this study is“what are the home nursing care services provided to the elderly patient.Methods:A systematic review methodology was adopted.A search was conducted on PubMed,MEDLINE,and ScienceDirect using keywords such as“home healthcare”,“nurse services”,“home nurses”,“elderly patients”.The search generated 1829 articles,but 16 were selected for qualitative synthesis for meeting the eligibility criteria.Joana Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools helped in the assessment of the primary studies.A data extraction matrix generated themes,while a narrative synthesis presented the studies.Results:The review found administration of HHC nursing services in different settings.The studies confirmed varied nature of HHC,types of HHC services,transitional care,challenges,or barriers of offering HHC,relationships,and decision-making process in offering care to the patients and family.The studies presented HHC as a multifaceted component with diverse impact on the patients and family.The analysis revealed that HHC nurses services served elderly persons as the main target group.HHC faces different challenges,barriers,or obstacles such as work,role conflict,organization,elderly patients,and decision-making.Conclusion and Future Research:The assessment of the HHC nursing services provided to the elderly patients reveals different facets of the healthcare process that reduce readmissions and hospital costs.Further studies could explore the provision of care to other target groups such as middle-aged patients to understand the impact of the services.

Experiences of Practical Nurses in Promoting the Rehabilitation of the Elderly and Their Education - A Secondary Publication

The significance of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care is emphasized in aging Finland. According to studies, rehabilitation-promoting nursing care enhances the functional capacity of the elderly. The Elderly Services Act obliges municipalities to create a plan to support the elderly population, emphasizing home care and rehabilitation measures. A large portion of graduated practical nurses will be working with the elderly, so the education of practical nurses must meet the needs of the workforce. The study aimed to produce new information on the implementation of rehabilitation- promoting nursing care in the elderly service system and on the education of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care for the elderly in vocational institutions. The research data was collected in the autumn of 2020 through individual thematic interviews with practical nurse students (n = 8). The data was analyzed using inductive content analysis. Practical nurse students’ experiences of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care for the elderly were related to nurses’ time management, organizational practices, nursing competence, nurses’ attitudes, nurses’ practices, organizational development, implementation and development of practical education, factors affecting the use of aids, and technological aspects of aids in the future. In conclusion, it can be stated that the content of education and practical work life do not align. It is essential to increase competence in rehabilitation-promoting nursing care and to develop organizational practices.

Equity of access to long-term care among the Korean elderly

The aim of the current study is to examine the extent to which equity in the utilization of longterm care services has been achieved in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea), based on the Aday—Andersen Access Framework that takes into consideration a series of variables hypothesized as predictive of utilization. The current study used cross-sectional survey data collected and conducted by the Korea Labor Institute (KLI) between August 1 to December 22, 2006. The sample for this study was 5544 persons who are older than 60 years. The study was extracted from a larger nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 10,255 individuals. The stratified cluster sampling technique was used to draw the survey respondents. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the sample. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed examining the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables and the relative importance of factors. The results indicate that a universal health insurance system has not yielded a fully equitable distribution of services. The limitation of benefit coverage as well as disparities in consumer cost-sharing and associated patterns of utilization across plans high out-of-pocket payment can be a barrier to health care utilization, which results in inequity and differential long-term care utilization between sub-groups of older adults. Health policy reforms in Korea must continue to concentrate on expanding insurance coverage, reducing the inequities reflected in disparities in consumer cost-sharing and associated patterns of utilization across plans, and establishing a financially separate insurance system for poor older adults. The behavioral responses of physicians to the method of reimbursement, and the subsequent impact on overall rates of utilization and expenditures need to be more fully understood. In addition, further research is needed to identify the nonfinancial barriers that persist for certain demographic subgroups, i.e., those 70 and older, men, lacking social network members, those who have four or more family members, and those who have no schooling.

Exploration on China's Institution-oriented Elderly Care Service System Based on Human Factors Engineering

Objective Aging process in China has brought more and more challenges to traditional home-based care for the aged and more attentions to the mode of institution-oriented elderly care.This work,by analyzing the problems and defects of institution engaging in elderly care based on the human factors engineering theory,discusses the people-centered institution-oriented elderly care service system,in terms of the problems that the pattern of institution-oriented elderly care focuses more on the facilities and environment construction than the principal role of people in the elderly care service system.Methods Sampled the institutions engaging in elderly care in Hefei City,Anhui Province,P.R.China(a medium-sized city in China);surveyed 45 institutions engaging in elderly care and 828 registered elders in Hefei City by hierarchical and systematic sampling method.Results(1)institutions engaging in elderly care shared the occupancy rate of 49.6%and low total service efficiency;(2)institutions engaging in elderly care offered 100%life-oriented service items,but only 6.1%personalized service items provided;(3)100%simple housing facilities in elderly care institutions,but extremely less personalized service facility(3.2%),with poorer quality and less satisfaction;(4)insufficient professional service staff could be available;48.1%institutions have 5 or less professional service staffs.Conclusion A countermeasure to improve the elderly care service system was raised here by aiming at improving the institution-oriented elderly care service:(1)to transfer service toward the people-oriented concept,formulating preferential policy for endowment insurance;(2)to pay attention to personalized design of service facility,offer personalized and featured service items,and improve service management level;(3)to build professional team for elderly care.

Reform and Reconstruction of the Rural Elderly Care Service System in the New Era

With decades of hard work,socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era.The transformation of the principal contradiction in the new era has imposed new and higher requirements on the rural elderly care service system.However,the current service system based on welfare-multiplex and urban community environment is often difficult to operate in the rural areas of central and western China.And the urban home care service for the aged is inappropriate to the rural reality;community service for the aged faces difficulties in practice;institution care for the aged develops slowly;the synergy among different elderly care service models is poor.Through observing the rural areas of central and western China in the field for a long time,this paper proposes to build the rural elderly care service system based on family supporting,supported by community mutual assistance care,supplemented by institution care for the aged,combined with medical care,and localized with diversified forms for targeted groups according to different realities.And the system should follow the fundamental guidance of development-oriented family policy,adhere to the governance mode of multiple subjects with one core and respect rural reality,which could provide a feasible way for the reform and reconstruction of the rural elderly care service system.

Changes and Development of Home and Community Based Elderly Care Service Policies in China

This paper analyzes the current situation of the development of home and community based elderly care service in China,points out the existing problems,and puts forward improvement measures,aiming to deepen the understanding of HCBS and promote the theoretical research and practice of community home-based elderly care service.

Analysis on Long-Term Care and Influencing Factors of Empty-Nest Differently Abled Elderly People in China —Based on the Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the actual needs of empty-nest differently abled elderly people and analyze their long-term care status including the factors affecting choice of care mode so adequate resources can be allocated to meet their healthcare needs. Methods: An empty-nest group was compared with a non-empty-nest group based on data from the 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Individual characteristics, family characteristics, and sociological factors were considered as independent variables, and long-term care model was the dependent variable in the three binary logistic regression method. Results: Age, gender, marriage, and disability were the most important factors influencing the choice of long-term care mode, including the willingness of the differently abled elderly. Family care can no longer meet the needs of the severely disabled elderly. Long-term care for such elderly people should be undertaken by professional and specialized social institutions. Conclusion: Multi-level services should be provided according to the elderly peoples’ needs, and the skill and expertise of professional personnel of care institutions should be strengthened. The government should deploy fund-raising initiatives, actively use the power of non-governmental organizations, and strive to resolve the financial issues faced by the empty-nested elderly people with disability.

Path Exploration for Long-term Care of Rural Disabled Elderly: A Case Study of G Town in South Shaanxi

Field survey of G Town in South Shaanxi indicates that current situations and existing problems of rural disabled elderly. According to these situations and problems,this paper analyzes difficulties in long-term care of rural disabled elderly. From the perspective of welfare pluralism,it comes up with development paths for long-term care of rural disabled elderly with joint participation of government,communities,non-profit organizations on the basis of the family endowment.

Comparison of research hotspots and trends in long-term care for the elderly between China and Australia: a bibliometric analysis

Objective:To explore the current status and development of long-term care(LTC)research in terms of publications in China and Australia,to identify the major contributing authors and institutions,and to compare the research hotspots and trends between China and Australia in order to encourage informed collaborations and work in future.Methods:We collected bibliometric data on the LTC of the elderly in China and Australia from 2009 to 2020 using Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).Cite Space software was used to analyze co-authorships,co-institutions,and co-keywords.Results:A total of 826 ar ticles in Chinese and 393 in English were included for analysis.The total number of publications showed an upward trend in both countries.The top 10 productive researchers and institutions in China and Australia were identified,and their collaboration network was revealed.Then,the knowledge maps of cooccurring keywords,respectively,showed the hotspots of"LTC insurance,disabled elderly,combination of medical and health care,nursing home"and"nursing home,dementia,quality of life,intervention"in China and Australia.Strong citation burst keywords illustrated the emerging trends of"combination of medical and health care,healthy aging"in China and"polypharmacy,prevention"in Australia.Conclusions:This article provided an insight into LTC of the elderly in China and Australia,and research in this field is developing rapidly and is being increasingly valued.The findings will be useful for future researchers to facilitate collaboration,identify new topics,and suppor t urgently needed research of LTC in China.

Volunteers as caregivers for elderly with chronic diseases:An assessment of demand and cause of demand

Objective:We sought to examine the demand of volunteers on long-term care of elderly patients with chronic diseases.Further,we evaluated patients'reasons to want long-term care volunteers as well as socioeconomic factors affecting these needs.Methods:Questionnaires were distributed to 516 elderly with chronic diseases from nursing homes,hospitals,and elderly living with relatives.Patient questions dealt with basic socioeconomic questions,their reasons to want care volunteers,and the nature of chronic disease,and their motivation to volunteer and which sorts of activities they perform while volunteering.Results:73.4%of the elderly patients with chronic diseases desired to have volunteers for long-term care.The most desired services were care visits,transportation,and leisure/recreation activities.The number of chronic diseases they had,their marital status,education level,and social support system were all statistically important.Conclusion:The data presented here suggest that the government should actively advocate for volunteer service for elderly with chronic diseases.Additional support is needed in terms of financial support,incentive measures,professional training for volunteers,and supervision of volunteers.Such developments are needed to improve volunteer service standards.

Healthcare Needs of the Elderly People over 85 Years Living Alone on the Island Area in Japan: A Descriptive Study

Background: Japan has the highest aging people accounting 33.8 million with the rate of 26.7% in 2015. Although, public long-term care insurance services support people age 40 years and above, most of the users are 85 years and over due to their more vulnerability for getting sick. This study describes the physical, mental and social status of the elderly people aged 85 years and over, who were living alone at home. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2016 and March 2017 in the island of Kure city, Hiroshima, Japan. A structured questionnaire and scales were used for data collection and documentation of physical measurements. Descriptive analysis was used. Result: A total of 190 subjects were participated, and the data were analyzed. The age range of the subjects was 85 to 98 years, and 68.4% of them were 85 to 89 years old. Male and female ratio was 21.6% vs 78.4%. Subjects of 17.4% continued their occupation at the time of the study period and most of them involved in agricultural work (93.9%). A certain percentage of the subjects had abnormal physical, mental and social difficulties and need additional support from family, friends, relatives, and community. Conclusion: Early detection and intervention such as disease management, nutritional support, and human support are required. The findings suggested policy makers to predict the burden and provide necessary care for these elderly people. It is necessary to aware family, friends, relatives, community and government supporting staff to provide information on correct recognition and usages of long-term care insurance services for these elder people.

Optimization Strategies of Beijing Elderly Care Service Stations Based on Questionnaire Survey Method: A Case Study of Zhanlan Road Street of Xicheng District

4 elderly care service stations in Zhanlan Road Street,Xicheng District,Beijing are selected,and questionnaires are designed and distributed to the surrounding elderly population to understand their needs and satisfaction with the station environment.By observing elderly care service stations on site,the characteristics,obstacles,and shortcomings of the environment are recorded,and relevant data are collected and analyzed,such as the characteristics of the elderly population being interviewed,the planning and design data of the station environment,and the distribution of service facilities.The overall characteristics of the spatial environment of elderly care stations are summarized,and renovation measures and optimization suggestions are provided for the current shortcomings,thereby providing some basis for the spatial design of community elderly care service stations in the future.

Study on the quality of life and the factors influencing it in elderly patients

A society of advanced age is arriving with the increasing number of elderly patients. Little attention has been paid to the quality of life of elderly patients, which is decreasing gradually. This article aims to study the quality of life among elderly patients and explore the factors influencing it, in addition to exploring effective ways to improve the quality of life of elderly patients.

Fitness Age Score and the Risk of Long-Term Care Insurance Certification—The Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study

Long-Term Care Insurance System has been introduced to provide appropriate care for the elderly who needs nursing care in Japan. Physical function is one of most important function for the elderly to live independently. A previous study had established a Fitness Age Score (FAS) based on a theory for biomarker of aging. This study clarified whether the FAS could be used to predict the need for certification of long-term care (CLTC) in independent elderly people. We included 939 independent, community-dwelling-elderly (average age, 74.4 years) whose physical function was measured and for whom the CLTC was tracked for 24 months. The FAS comprised five physical fitness items: Walking time, grip strength, one-leg standing, vertical jump, and functional reach test. Based on the FAS, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the CLTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) was used for further analysis. We also used the Youden Index (YI), minimum distance method (MD), and two-graph ROC method (TG) to calculate cutoff values (CVs) for screening. We divided subjects into the low and high physical fitness group with CVs. We developed cumulative CLTC curves using the Kaplan-Meier method. Sixteen people could not be tracked for the full 24 months. The measurement of FAS was completed for 798 people, of whom 28 became CLTC. The measurement of FAS was not completed for 125 people, of whom 21 became CLTC. The CLTC OR for people with incomplete FAS was 5.553. The AUC was 0.72 (p < 0.001). The CVs for the FAS were -0.29 for YI (sensitivity, 92.9% and specificity, 40.4%), -1.23 for MD (57.1% and 73.4%), and -0.81 for TG (60.7% and 60.9%). The cumulative CLTC curves according to CVs all showed significant differences (p = 0.000 - 0.020). In conclusion, the FAS can be used to predict CLTC.

Community-based elderly care services in China: an analysis based on the 2018 wave of the CLHLS Survey

Community-based elderly care services play an important role in dealing with popu-lation aging.Based data from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,we found that overall there was high demand for community-based elderly care services,but insufficient supply,resulting in unmet needs.The greatest demand was for medical care and nursing services and these were gener-ally more accessible compared to other services.The imbalance between available supply and elderly demand was greatest for personal care and psychological con-sulting services.Additionally,there were obvious imbalances of supply and demand for particular groups of the elderly population.In terms of demand,the young-old living in eastern and western China or urban areas had stronger demand for com-munity-based elderly care services.Elderly people with serious disabilities or low income,or living in rural areas and towns had more demand for home visit medical services,while the elderly with the ability to care for themselves or high incomes needed more social and entertainment services.With respect to inadequate supply,the demands for community-based elderly care services of the low-income elderly living in rural areas and towns or in western China were more likely to be unmet.Our results indicated that appropriate services should be provided by government agencies and institutions to meet the needs of various groups.It is also important to increase accessibility to community-based elderly care services as well as to guaran-tee an equitable distribution of supply.