Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Enzyme Activities Under Different Hydrothermal Conditions in Northeast China

Human activities have altered weather patterns by causing an increase in greenhouse gas. The effects of climate change have been studied, including effects on some ecosystems throughout the world. There are many studies on changes in the soil due to climate change, but much of them did not extend their research to soil enzyme that integrates information on soil microbial status and soil physical-chemical conditions. Meanwhile, there are lots of experimental fields established to study effects of long-term fertilization on soil enzyme activities, but many did not compare the difference of soil enzyme activities and did not analyze the effect of climatic factors on soil enzyme activities with long-term fertilization under different hydrothermal conditions. In this study, we compared soil enzyme activities of three long-fertilization stations which had different hydrothermal conditions in Northeast China, and analyzed the relationship of hydrothermal condition, soil chemical properties with soil enzyme activities. Hydrothermal conditions （annual temperature and total rainfall） decreased in order of Gongzhuling （Jilin Province, China ） Harbin （Heilongjiang Province, China） Heihe （Heilongjiang Province, China） over the course of the long-term fertilization experiment. Sunshine hours showed the longest in Gongzhuling, the second in Heihe, and the last in Harbin. However, the order of soil enzymes was not in agreement with hydrothermal conditions. Overall, the order of soil enzymes for the same treatment among three stations was consistent in 2008 with in 2009. Correlation analysis demonstrated that different soil enzymes achieved the different affected levels by climatic factors under different fertilization treatments. Urease activity showed a significant relationship with sunshine hours in no fertilizer （CK） treatment （R=-0.91, P0.01） and relative humidity in mineral fertilizers plus manure （MNPK） treatment （R=0.82, P0.05）. Phosphatase activity exhibited a negative correlation with annual mean temperature, annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature, and their correlation coefficients were separately -0.83, -0.79, and -0.83 at P0.05 in CK treatment. Invertase activity was highly and positively correlated with sunshine hours in CK treatment （R=0.94, P0.01）. Catalase activity showed significant negative correlations with minimum relative humidity in CK treatment （R=-0.81, P0.05）, and positive correlations with sunshine hours in M treatment （R=0.83, P0.05）. There were no climatic factors which strongly affected on dehydrogenase in all treatments. Soil enzyme activities were closely related to the soil chemical properties. Soil urease activity was positively correlated with available P （P0.05）. With exception of correlation between invertase and total P at P0.05, phosphase, invertase, catalase, and dehydrogenase showed significant positive correlations with soil chemical properties （P0.01）. It was a comprehensive process that biologic and abiotic factors were effect on soil enzyme activities under different fertilization treatments. To sum up, the variation of hydrothermal conditions in different climate zones and soil chemical properties affect integrally metabolic activity and metabolic finger print of microbial communities in black soil.

Safety and Quality of Care Evaluation in Japanese Long-Term Facilities Focused on the Activity Condition and Cognitive Function of Residents

Objective: Currently, standards for evaluating long-term care facilities do not exist in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of healthcare services in Japan’s long-term care facilities and identify the structural and process indicators associated with the facilities’ outcome indicators. Methods: This retrospective study assessed changes in residents’ abilities to participate in physical activities, their cognitive function, and their vulnerability to injuries. From 2012 to 2013, we collected information on the healthcare services at 1067 long-term care facilities registered with Japan’s Welfare, Health and Medical Care Information Network in the Welfare and Medical Service Agency. We examined 12 structural indicators, 26 process indicators, and 7 outcome indicators. We used multivariate linear regression models adjusted to analyze relationships between outcome indicators and structural or process indicators. Results: Residents’ activity and cognitive function indicators either improved by 80% - 90% or were maintained for one year. The Geriatric Functional Independence Measures, the Barthel Index, and holding conferences related to care were all considered activities of daily living. Three adverse events—tumbles and falls, behavioral problems, and aimless wandering or leaving the facility without permission—were factors that restricted residents’ behavior and number of residents per care staff member. Conclusions: Maintaining or improving levels of independence and cognition in daily living requires a care process system that enables ongoing monitoring of residents’ activities of daily living and cognitive functioning. Ensuring the safety of residents and improving the quality of care in long-term care facilities without securing adequate care staff are not possible.

CLONAL PROLIFERATION AND LONG-TERM CULTURE OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA CELLS UNDER SERUM-FREE CULTURE CONDITIONS

We developed a serum-free culture system that promoted the growth of B cell colonies in peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 7 out of 8 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B cell type. The culture cells were pretreated with or without galactose oxi-dase (GO) prior to plating. Colony growth was best supported with BCGF. A moderate increment was observed with rIL-3, as well as rIL-1β and even to a lesser degree, by rlL-2, while B cell stimulating factor-2 (rBCSF-2) and rlL-1β did not show significant activity. rGM-CSF and rG-CSF had little effect, while rM-CSF enhanced the formation of lymphoma colonies. The cells from different patients had different requirements for Staphylococcus aureus protein A and GO pretreatment. It reflected the differences in activation and differentiation status and surface properties of lymphoma cells from different patients. The cells from CSF of one patient were successfully maintained in serum-free culture medium supplemented with 10% BCGF or 5% PHA-LCM for more than 4 months. The long-term culture cells were EBV negative, phenotypically consistent with B cells and gene rearrangements for JH, Kappa and myc. This serum-free culture system allowed extensive analysis of the growth requirements for clonogenic precursors.

A Prospective Study on Evaluating the Long-Term Effects of Childhood Vaccination from Birth to 13 Years Old in Kuwait

Background: To prevent infectious diseases and deaths of children, vaccinations play a crucial role in public health strategies in Kuwait. However, it remained uncertain to demonstrate the potential long-term health outcomes of vaccination, including neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and autism. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term health outcomes of vaccination among Kuwait children from birth to thirteen years old. Objectives: This study included the significant objectives: (1) to compare long-term health effects, including chronic and acute conditions for unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and vaccinated children, and (2) to evaluate the association of vaccination with the neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and autism, and the preventable illnesses. Methods: This prospective study involved a sample of 976 children from Kuwait based on mothers’ reporting. Data collection about the vaccination status of children and various health outcomes relevant to chronic and acute illnesses was performed based on structured questionnaires through an online survey. However, participants were classified into unvaccinated (n = 40), partially vaccinated (n = 222), and fully vaccinated (n = 714). Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test, Odds Ratios (OR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and logistic regression, were performed using SAS (Version 9.4) to determine the associations between vaccination status and health outcomes among children. Results: The study disclosed that vaccinated children showed an increased diagnosis of chronic (allergic rhinitis, allergies, autism spectrum, eczema, neuro-developmental disorders, learning disability, ADHD, and any chronic condition) and acute (whooping cough, pneumonia, rubella, hepatitis A or B, measles, mumps, meningitis, influenza, rotavirus, cancer, chronic fatigue, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, conduct disorder, diabetes type 1 or 2, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, seizures, hearing loss, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, and depression) illnesses than unvaccinated children. The fully vaccinated children showed an increased prevalence of influenza diagnosis, while partially vaccinated children were more likely to be diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis than unvaccinated children. In contrast, unvaccinated were more likely to have been diagnosed with chickenpox and encephalopathy than fully and partially vaccinated. Males with chronic and acute conditions had a lower incidence of allergies and pneumonia, respectively, whereas females had a reduced prevalence of acute illnesses, such as whooping cough, inflammatory bowel disease, and hepatitis A or B among vaccinated (n = 936;combination of partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated) children. Regarding medication use and health service applications, vaccinated children were more likely to use medications for fever, antibiotics, and allergies. In addition, they showed an increased rate of sick visits and emergency visits in the past twelve months. On the other hand, factors like age (2 - 5 years, 6 - 9 years, and 10 - 13 years), birth type (cesarian), and mother suffering during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) were significantly associated with NDD (learning disability, autism spectrum, and attention deficient hyperactivity disorder) in the adjusted analysis. In the interaction model of age and birth type, age (6 - 9 years;OR 5.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 25.3) and mother suffering (gestational diabetes;OR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.2) during pregnancy were associated with NDD. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that there are some cases where the infection rate is higher among the vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children, or there are no significant differences between the two groups in Kuwait. Upon controlling the factors in the interaction model, the age of 6 to 9 years and gestational diabetic mothers during pregnancy were associated with the synergistic increment of odds with NDD. These data findings are recommended to verify a larger and diverse group of samples to optimize the vaccination on health outcomes in Kuwait children.

Crop yields and soil organic carbon dynamics in a long-term fertilization experiment in an extremely arid region of northern Xinjiang, China

A long-term fertilization experiment was set up in northern Xinjiang, China to evaluate the dynamics of crop production and soil organic carbon （SOC） from 1990 to 2012 with seven fertilization treatments. The seven treatments included an unfertilized control （CK） and six different combinations of phosphorus （P）, potassium （K）, nitrogen （N）, straw （S） and animal manure （M）. The balanced fertilization treatments had significantly （P〈0.05） higher average yields than the unbalanced ones. The treatment with 2/3 N from potassium sulfate （NPK） and 1/3 N from farmyard manure （NPKM） had a higher average yield than the other treatments. The average yields （over the 23 years） in the treatments of NPK, and urea, calcium superphosphate （NP） did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） but were higher than that in the treatment with urea and potassium sulfate （NK; P〈0.05）. The results also show that the highest increases in SOC （P〈0.05） occurred in NPKM with a potential increase of 1.2 t C/（hm2.a）. The increase in SOC was only 0.31, 0.30 and 0.12 t C/（hm2.a） for NPKS （9/10 N from NPK and 1/10 N from straw）, NPK and NP, respectively; and the SOC in the NP, NK and CK treatments were approaching equilibrium and so did not rise or fall significantly over the 23-year experiment. A complete NPK plus manure fertilization program is recommended for this extremely arid region to maximize both yields and carbon sequestration.

Initial Labor Market Conditions and Individual Employability

Initial labor market conditions affect how individuals build their human capital and look for jobs and thus can have long-term effects on their income levels,work performance,and career development.Based on data from the Urban Household Survey(UHS)of urban households in China from 1986 to 2009,we perform an empirical test of how initial labor market conditions affect the employability of individuals.Our research shows that people’s future incomes suffer if they start out in an adverse job market.Each percentage point of increase in the unemployment rate at an individual’s entry into the labor market is associated with a two-percentage-point drop in his or her average annual income.Even after looking at different parts of the job market and sample groups,this conclusion still holds.In the context of global economic instability,our findings may assist government policymakers in addressing adverse labor market conditions.

Analysis of Ecotourism, Culture and Local Community Empower­ment: Case Study of Wasur National Park - Indonesia

The focus of this research lies in community empowerment based on culture and local communities as well as sustainable ecotourism,which is directed at a complicated mechanism of empowerment elements,local culture that is thick in ecotourism to get added value for the novelty of ecotourism research.The object of research is Wasur National Park(WNP),Papua,Indonesia.Qualitative methods have been used to obtain accurate data and information,i.e.,in-depth interviews with indigenous people to find out the benefits or functions of their culture that can be developed in ecotourism,interviews with leaders and staff of WNP and the Department of Culture and Tourism to find out the potential and processes empowerment and existing tourism potential.As a result,from the perspective of empowerment,local people will easily follow the empowerment process provided that they use methods that are culturally appropriate which is from the viewpoints from the culture of sasi,totem and sacred places.The culture adopted by the community is in accordance with the principles of ecotourism that supports sustainability,environmental conservation,protection of environmental resources and increases economic value.However,it is recommended to carry out modified socialization in accordance with the current conditions.Hence,tourists who visit WNP do not become afraid of the very rigid sanctions which are applied to them who violate the existing cultural and environmental customs.Moreover,to get added economic value in the tourism business within WNP,it is necessary to explore the potential of cultural wealth,natural and biological wealth so that it becomes the main attraction in carrying out the economic empowerment of local communities in the field of ecotourism.

An Innovative Person-Centered Model for Provision of Mental, Social and Medical Care for People Living with Dementia

Globally there is an increased digitalization going on with an increasing number of people having access to the internet, having smartphones and now also in many countries being expected to access health-related information and schedule appointments through websites, apps or web-based portals. Healthcare providers have also adopted this with an increasing number of public or private organizations providing web-based portals as well as app interfaces to some of the largest electronic healthcare systems. The benefit of this is easier access, more efficient provision of services, increased transparency and improved workflows. This may increase the population’s capability to manage their conditions and reduce the contacts to, thereby burdening healthcare professionals. But not all will be able to benefit from this digital (r)evolution. Those who will not be able to include people with dementia. For people with dementia to also be able to take advantage of digital health tools and services, it will require planning and involvement of caregivers. In 2017, we presented the Epital Care Model as a framework to organize an efficient people-centered cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral way to organize activities, roles, responsibilities and describe geographical locations and used technologies in response to individuals’ specific diagnoses and everyday changes in their condition. In 2021, an EU-funded project was initiated to investigate how living labs and scaling up could be done building upon the ECM. One of the living labs was organized around an organization providing care to PWD in Netherlands. In the period 2021 to 2024, we have tried to identify ways for how the ECM could be used to digitally enable the services provided by the organization. In 2022, the care organization tanteLouise started a project originally named Daycare Centre2.0 (now called “Van Thuis Uit” meaning “From Home”), together with healthcare insurance company CZ, and developed a model for onboarding people with dementia and introducing them to specific interventions based on their personal goals and needs. We here present how the ECM and the “Van Thuis Uit” can be mapped within each other to create synergy in creating a healthcare setting for people with dementia. This work may serve as a model for other conditions, where individuals are likely to need more intensive support from their informal caregivers due to a relatively rapid progression of the condition or development of severe impairments. Examples here can be neurologic conditions such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or the final stage of conditions that require palliation.

数字赋能的共同富裕效应研究

实现共同富裕是全体人民共同的美好愿景。数字经济时代,数字要素成为实现共同富裕的新动能。本文利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2017—2019年的微观面板数据,通过基于神经网络赋权的A-F方法构建共同富裕指数、熵值法构建数字赋能指数,并运用混合Tobit、随机效应Tobit、工具变量CMP等多种方法,分析数字赋能对共同富裕的影响效应。研究表明,数字赋能指数每增加1%,共同富裕的发生概率增加14.9%,表明数字赋能有助于实现共同富裕,且数字创造维度赋能的共同富裕效应远高于接入维度赋能和使用维度赋能,主要是由于互联网普及率的提升使多数家庭在数字接入维度和使用维度已无明显差异,而利用数字技术进行各种创造性和创新性活动的差异将日益凸显。数字赋能对共同富裕的助推效应主要体现在数字赋能提高了家庭创业的概率,提高了家庭外出非农就业的概率,增加了家庭获得信贷的机会。不过研究也发现,数字赋能的共同富裕效应存在不同富裕程度、不同人力资本以及城乡之间的异质性,数字赋能在亟需提升共同富裕水平的群体中助推效应较小,而在共同富裕水平较高的群体中助推效应却较大,存在“马太效应”,数字赋能对低技能和高技能群体共同富裕状况的助推效果要大于中等技能群体,数字赋能对农村居民的共同富裕效应要大于城镇居民。本文的研究拓展了共同富裕理论的研究范畴,并为推动数字经济与个体资源有效耦合,进而为助力实现共同富裕提供了经验证据。

家属赋权理论联合互动达标的延伸护理对胃炎患者睡眠的影响

目的:分析家属赋权理论联合互动达标的延伸护理对胃炎患者睡眠的影响。方法:选取2021年12月至2023年12月建宁县总医院收治的胃炎患者82例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施家属赋权理论+互动达标的延伸护理。比较2组的负性情绪、睡眠状况及睡眠质量。结果:观察组较对照组,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分更低(P<0.05);观察组的睡眠潜伏时间与觉醒时间更短,觉醒次数更少,睡眠效率更高,睡眠总时间更长(P<0.05);观察组的睡眠深度评分、重回入睡评分、睡眠潜伏期评分、睡眠质量评分及夜间觉醒评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:家属赋权理论+互动达标的延伸护理用于胃炎患者的效果良好,有利于舒缓负性情绪,改善睡眠状况及睡眠质量,临床可进一步推广应用。

社区慢性病患者赋能与自我效能感的相关性

目的了解社区慢性病患者赋能及自我效能感现状并分析两者的相关性,探讨影响患者赋能得分的因素。方法采用慢性病患者赋能量表(The Long-term Condition Empowerment Scale)和自我效能感量表对社区104例慢性病患者进行调查分析。结果社区慢性病患者自我效能感总分为(22.04±6.17)分,按评分标准属中等偏上水平。社区慢性病患者赋能总分的分布为(122.83±27.20)分,其中"知识获取与理解"维度和"自我认知"维度得分最高。不同文化程度、职业、最长病程、婚姻状况下的慢性病患者在赋能总分及各维度得分间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);社区慢性病患者自我效能总分与赋能总分及各个维度呈正相关(相关系数0.540~0.659,P<0.01)。结论社区慢性病患者管理自己的信心较强,部分患者对慢性病医疗保险政策缺乏了解。患者对自我管理及自我决策的信心越大,自我效能感越强,赋能水平越高;也提示赋能可以从自我效能层面提高社区慢性病患者的自我认知、自我管理和自我决策的能力。

慢性病赋能量表的汉化及在社区中老年慢性病患者中的信效度分析

目的汉化慢性病赋能量表,并探讨其在中国社区中老年慢性病患者中的适用性。方法采用Brislin翻译模型完成量表汉化。于2015年11月—2016年1月,采用方便抽样法选取在广州市某三甲医院下属的4个社区卫生服务站就诊的中老年慢性病患者273例,采用一般资料调查表、中文版慢性病赋能量表、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)进行调查。采用Cronbach'sα系数和分半信度考察量表的信度;采用因子分析评价量表的结构效度;采用Pearson相关分析计算量表的内部相关系数;采用Spearman秩相关分析计算量表的效标关联效度。结果中文版慢性病赋能量表标准化Cronbach'sα系数为0.950,分半信度为0.930,各维度标准化Cronbach'sα系数为0.694~0.877,重测信度为0.921,平均内容效度为0.950,各维度得分与总分的相关系数为0.875~0.959,以GSES作为效标的效标效度为0.678;主轴因子分解法提取6个公因子,删除3个不归类任何因子的条目后,累计方差贡献率为54.504%。结论中文版慢性病赋能量表信效度良好,符合中国国情,适合在国内社区中老年慢性病患者中进行应用。

老年慢性病共病患者基于社区家庭医生制的健康赋权干预

目的探讨基于社区家庭医生制的健康赋权干预对老年慢性病共病患者疾病管理的影响。方法将社区并存高血压、糖尿病、冠心病及骨关节病等2种以上的老年患者94例随机分为研究组48例和对照组46例。对照组接受常规社区家庭医生制健康管理,研究组在对照组的基础上实施健康赋权干预16周。结果干预后,研究组赋能水平各维度得分及总分显著高于对照组,服药依从和慢性病控制显著优于对照组,患者生活质量除生理职能维度外,其他维度得分及总均分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论基于社区家庭医生制的健康赋权干预有利于提高老年慢性病共病患者的赋能水平,改善服药依从及慢性病控制情况,从而提高其疾病管理能力及生活质量水平。

感知社会支持在老年人治疗负担和慢性病患者赋能间的中介作用

目的 :分析老年人感知社会支持在治疗负担与慢性病患者赋能间的中介效应。方法 :采用便利抽样法,于2021年1月—8月采用治疗负担问卷、感知社会支持量表、慢性病患者赋能量表对青岛市市区内的6家养老机构的460例老年人进行问卷调查。结果 :老年人治疗负担与感知社会支持呈负相关(P<0.001),与慢性病患者赋能呈负相关(P<0.001),感知社会支持与慢性病患者赋能呈正相关(P<0.001)。Bootstrap检验结果显示,感知社会支持在治疗负担与慢性病患者赋能间起部分中介效应,占总效应的51.98%。结论 :治疗负担不仅直接作用于慢性病患者赋能,还通过感知社会支持间接影响慢性病患者赋能,建议据此制定有针对性的干预措施帮助老年人正确面对治疗负担。

中文版工作有效条件问卷-Ⅱ的建立

目的开发建立用于评价我国护理工作环境中护理管理者授权状况的中文版工作有效条件问卷-Ⅱ（CWEQ-Ⅱ）。方法在翻译原始CWEQ-Ⅱ的基础上，通过5名专家评定和对598名护士的调查，对问卷中存在的文化差异，问卷的效度、信度进行分析评价。结果中文版CWEQ-Ⅱ具有较好的表面效度和结构效度，内容效度为0．94；工作有效条件和各构成因子之间呈显著相关（r=0．566～0．857，均P〈0．01），6个构成要素之间也有很好的相关性（r=0．261～0．707，均P〈0．01）；问卷Cronbach＇S α为0．634～0．921，因子和内容之间的相关系数均〉0．40（均P〈0．01）。结论中文版CWEQ-Ⅱ具有较好的效度和信度，尽管存在文化上的差异，仍适用于中国护理工作环境中护理管理者授权状况的评估。

激活贫困者内生动力:理论视角和政策选择

"积极社会政策"作为一种新的政策范式,其重点之一是激活贫困者。可行能力理论视角改变了人们仅关注贫困者收入这个唯一标准,转向了贫困者自身能力这一核心问题。增权作为一种减贫路径,强调激发贫困者的潜能,通过贫困者自身的力量来解决困境的可能。本文以德国积极劳动力市场政策改革为例,分析发达国家通过采取一系列措施,让有劳动能力的受助者尽快融入劳动力市场;同时以有条件现金转移支付和格莱珉穷人银行为例,分析发展中国家的"有条件现金转移支付"和"格莱珉银行",发现其共同点是通过强化共同责任,激发贫困家庭自我发展能力,潜在地培养贫困家庭的社会资本和人力资本;最后对中国建立以激活贫困者为核心的反贫困政策体系提出了具体建议。

数字技术赋能视角下企业参与扶贫的前因组态研究

本文借鉴数字创新理论和创新生态系统理论,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,以88家参与扶贫的上市企业为研究样本,探究数字技术创新能力、行业数字化程度以及区域数字经济发展指数等六个前因条件的交互作用对企业参与扶贫行为的影响。研究结果表明,三种前因组态类型即区域-行业环境推动型组态、企业自身驱动型组态和内外要素联动型组态会引发企业高扶贫投入强度,在数字技术赋能视角下,若企业所在省市的区域数字经济发展指数与行业数字化程度较高,且企业自身数字技术创新能力较强,则能有效推动企业实现扶贫领域的社会创新。

赋能:互联网双重嵌入对女性创业能力的影响

在“互联网+双创”背景下,学术界关于女性创业互联网赋能作用的观点未达成一致,主要源于现有研究缺乏从互联网嵌入视角探究互联网赋能女性创业方向、路径与边界等微观机制。基于互联网嵌入视角,构建并验证互联网双重嵌入对女性创业能力的影响机制模型。研究结果表明:①互联网嵌入方式是影响女性互联网创业的关键变量,但互联网嵌入并不必然带来女性创业能力提升,网络社群嵌入会显著促进女性创业能力提升,而网络媒体嵌入则具有负向影响;②内群体条件在互联网双重嵌入与创业能力的关系中起中介作用;③互联网赋能对不同女性创业者作用不同,网络面子意识不仅调节互联网双重嵌入与内群体条件间的直接关系,而且通过内群体条件调节互联网双重嵌入与女性创业能力间的间接关系,网络面子意识越强烈,内群体条件的中介效应越显著。

生活希望计划结合家庭赋权干预对脑肿瘤手术患者的应用效果

目的 研究生活希望计划结合家庭赋权护理对脑肿瘤手术患者心理状况及主要照顾者积极感受程度的影响。方法 选取2019年10月至2021年5月接受脑癌手术治疗的88例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为常规组、研究组,各44例。常规组采用常规护理,而研究组在常规组基础上采用生活希望计划结合家庭赋权护理,对比护理前后2组患者的心理状况、希望水平、主要照顾者积极感受程度。结果 护理后,研究组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均低于常规组(P<0.05);研究组现实和未来积极态度、与他人保持亲密关系、在治疗过程中采取积极行为评分均高于常规组(P<0.05);研究组主要照顾者的自我肯定、生活展望、照顾者积极感受量表(PAC)总分均高于常规组主要照顾者(P<0.05)。结论 在脑癌手术患者中采用生活希望计划结合家庭赋权护理,能有效改善患者的心理状况,提高其希望水平以及主要照顾者积极感受程度。

Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short&medium span bridges and condition assessment

It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m)bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world.The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition)assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity.Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies.The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges.In this paper,although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information,mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge.The first is a special designed mobile in-situ loading device(vehicle)for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance)and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method.The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system(called bus monitoring system)to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges,along with safety indices,namely,"characteristic deflection"which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface,and a structural anomaly parameter.