Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Combined with Lung Rehabilitation Therapy on Exercise Endurance and Quality of Life of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease

Objective:To explore the effect of N-acetylcysteine combined with lung rehabilitation therapy on exercise endurance and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease(RA-ILD).Methods:Fifty-six patients with RA-ILD admitted to Xijing Hospital from May 2022 to January 2024 were randomly divided into two groups:a non-rehabilitation group and a pulmonary rehabilitation group,with 28 patients in each group.Both groups received routine treatment.Additionally,the non-rehabilitation group received N-acetylcysteine treatment,while the lung rehabilitation group received lung rehabilitation treatment in addition to N-acetylcysteine.The improvement in exercise endurance and dyspnea between the two groups after treatment was compared and the quality of life of the patients was observed.Results:After treatment,the exercise endurance score in the lung rehabilitation group(335.67±45.29)was higher than that in the non-rehabilitation group(P<0.05).The dyspnea score in the lung rehabilitation group(0.72±0.16)was lower than that in the non-rehabilitation group(P<0.05).Additionally,FVC(3.18±0.58 L),FEV1(2.28±0.56 L),FEV1/FVC(69.69±5.56),and DLCO(60.53±5.92 mL/mmHg/min)were higher in the lung rehabilitation group compared to the non-rehabilitation group after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lung rehabilitation therapy combined with N-acetylcysteine treatment can effectively improve dyspnea symptoms,lung function,and exercise endurance in patients with RA-ILD.This approach helps to improve patient’s quality of life and is beneficial for their prognosis.

Effects of mRNA, Protein Expression and Activity for Myocardial SOD2 by a Single Bout of or Long-Term Strenuous Endurance Exercise in Rats

Objective: To explore the effects of myocardial SOD2 by strenuous endurance exercise. Methods: 27 grown male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C), a single bout of strenuous endurance exercise group (E1) and seventh-week strenuous endurance exercise group (E2). Real-time PCR was used to observe the changes of mRNA expression for myocardial SOD2. Western bolt was used to observe the changes of SOD2 protein expression. In addition, SOD2, T-SOD and SOD1 activity changes were observed. Results: Myocardial SOD2 expression level at mRNA and protein of Group E1, E2 was significantly higher than that in group C, and SOD2 and T-SOD activity in group E2 were significantly higher than those in group C. Those changes were more obvious in group E2. Conclusions: Strenuous endurance exercise can improve level of myocardial SOD2 expression at mRNA and protein, and enhance the activity for SOD2, thus increasing the activity for T-SOD. Effect of long-term strenuous endurance exercise was better than a single bout of one.

Acute and Long-Term Treatments with an Herbal Formula V-Vital Capsule Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Weight-Loaded Swimming Mice

Fatigue is a self-limiting response arising from physical and/or mental weariness, with a consequent personal and economic morbidity on work performance and social relationships. Anti-fatigue intervention is therefore urgently sought. “Qi-invigorating” Chinese tonic herbs, which can improve the energy status in the body according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, may produce beneficial effects in fatigue individuals. The herbal formula V-Vital capsule (VVC), which comprises 3 “Qi-invigorating” herbs, namely the root of Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax quinquefolium, may produce anti-fatigue effect. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute/long-term VVC treatment (acute: 0.75, 0.2 and 3.75 kg/day × 1 dose;long-term: 0.075 and 0.25 g/kg/day × 14 doses) on weight-loaded swimming female ICR mice. The weight-loaded swimming time until exhaustion, indicative of exercise endurance capacity, was recorded. Plasma levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), lactate and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were measured in the exhausted mice. Glycogen levels in skeletal muscle and liver tissues were also measured. Mitochondrial function status [such as adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) activity and coupling efficiency] was assayed. Results showed that acute VVC treatment increased the exercise endurance capacity in weight-loaded swimming mice. The ability of acute VVC treatment to enhance the exercise endurance was associated with increases in plasma glucose levels as well as glycogen levels in skeletal muscles and liver tissues, presumably due to the utilization of plasma lactate for gluconeogenesis and/or glycogen synthesis in the liver. While acute VVC treatment reduced the plasma ROM level in weight-loaded swimming mice, it increased the ANT activity. In this regard, the enhancement in exercise endurance afforded by acute VVC treatment might be due to an increase in the glucose supply to the skeletal muscle, the amelioration of systemic oxidative stress and the improvement in mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle. Consistent with the results obtained in acute VVC treatment experiment, the long-term VVC treatment enhances the exercise endurance in weight-loaded swimming mice. The ensemble of results suggests that VVC may offer a promising prospect for enhancing the exercise endurance and alleviating fatigue in humans.

Endurance exercise and gut microbiota:A review

Background: The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a decrease in glycogen storage and the increase of oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, muscle damage, and systemic inflammatory response. Adaptations to exercise might be influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the production, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet as well as in inflammation,redox reactions, and hydration status.Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Science Direct,Springer Link, and EMBASE was done. The search process was completed using the keywords: "endurance", "exercise", "immune response","microbiota", "nutrition", and "probiotics".Results: Reviewed literature supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota might be able to provide a measureable, effective marker of an athlete's immune function and that microbial composition analysis might also be sensitive enough to detect exercise-induced stress and metabolic disorders. The review also supports the hypothesis that modifying the microbiota through the use of probiotics could be an important therapeutic tool to improve athletes' overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels.Conclusion: The present review provides a comprehensive overview of how gut microbiota may have a key role in controlling the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as improving metabolism and energy expenditure during intense exercise.

Chronic exercise training versus acute endurance exercise in reducing neurotoxicity in rats exposed to lead acetate

After intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg lead acetate, rats received 8 weeks of treadmill exercise （15-22 m/min, 25-64 minutes） and/or treadmill exercise at 1.6 km/h until exhaustion. The markers related to neurotoxicity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. 8 weeks of treadmill exercise significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the hippocampus （P = 0.04） and plasma level of total antioxidant capacity of rats exposed to lead acetate （P 〈 0.001）, and significantly decreased plasma level of malondialdehyde （P 〈 0.001）. Acute exercise only decreased the hippocampal malondialdehyde level （P = 0.09） and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the hippocampus （P = 0.66）. Acute exercise also enhanced the total antioxidant capacity in rats exposed to lead acetate, insignificantly （P = 0.99）, These findings suggest that chronic treadmill exercise can significantly decrease neurotoxicity and alleviate oxidative stress in rats exposed to lead acetate. However, acute endurance exercise was not associated with these beneficial effects.

Effects of Maca Extract on Exercise Endurance and Ultrastructure of Mitochondria in Spinal Neurons

[Objectives] To study the effects of maca extract on the exercise endurance and ultrastructure of mitochondria in spinal neurons.[Methods]First,50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group: no swimming,administered intragastrically the same volume of distilled water; simple swimming group: free swimming,administered intragastrically the same volume of distilled water; maca extract groups: free swimming,and treated with 4. 0,5. 3,and 8. 0 g/kg dose of maca extracts. Swimming rats swam freely in the circulating water flow of swimming pool and administered for 15 d. On the 16 th d,after the swimming endurance test,the rats were killed painlessly. The ultrastructure of the mitochondria in the spinal neurons was observed with a projection electron microscope,muscle glycogen,malondialdehyde( MDA),superoxide dismutase( SOD),glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) and free calcium in muscle were measured by radioimmunoassay.[Results] Compared with the simple swimming group,the swimming time before sinking and total swimming time extended 19. 83%,60. 28%,77. 55% and 55. 34%,73. 91% and 94. 47% respectively,and the differences were statistically significant( P < 0. 01). The sinking times decreased by 34. 35%,51. 18% and 57. 96% respectively,the differences were statistically significant( P < 0. 01). MDA and free calcium decreased by 20. 10%,31. 49% and 38. 72%,respectively with statistically significant differences( P < 0. 01) and 6. 42%,17. 58%and 26. 35% respectively. The levels of SOD,GSH-Px and muscle glycogen increased by 5. 12%,22. 74%,52. 53%,44. 22%,77. 79%and 98. 45% respectively,with statistically significant differences( P < 0. 01) and 35. 08%,47. 83% and 81. 88%,respectively,with statistically significant differences( P < 0. 01). The volume density( Vd),surface density( Sd) and number density( Nd) of mitochondria of spinal neurons decreased by 7. 79%,18. 18%,31. 17%,16. 95%,27. 34%,43. 31% and 13. 51%,23. 19% and 43. 15% respectively.[Conclusions]Maca extract can protect ultrastructure of the mitochondria in the spinal neurons,antioxidant activity,increase muscle glycogen,and improving the exercise capacity.

Walking and Aerobic Capacity in Old Adults after Concentric and Eccentric Endurance Exercise at Self-Selected Intensities

Self-selected exercise intensity can be a useful exercise prescription tool for older adults;however, it is not known if it can elicit improvements in walking and aerobic capacity. In older adults, effects of concentric or eccentric endurance exercise at self-selected walking speed were examined on 1-mile indoor walk performance, predicted maximum oxygen uptake and physiological parameters. Twenty-four older adults (67 ± 4 years) completed 3 × 30 min treadmill walks per week for 12-weeks on level (LTW, n = 11, 0%) or downhill (DTW, n = 13, ﹣10%) treadmill gradient at a self- selected speed, which progressed every 4 weeks. Maximal oxygen uptake was predicted using a 1-mile walk at 4-week intervals with physiological responses recorded using a portable metabolic system. One-mile walking speed increased from baseline following 8- and 12-weeks (12 weeks: LTW: 13% ± 6%, DTW: 14% ± 9%,

Hippocampal ultrastructural changes and apoptotic cell death in rats following endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise

BACKGROUND： Exhaustive exercise can lead to apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells and myocardial cells as a result of pathological changes in the corresponding cellular ultrastructure. It is hypothesized that such changes could also occur in neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe brain cell apoptosis and ultrastructural changes in hippocampal neurons in rats following endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, morphological analysis was performed at the Medical Laboratory Center of Zhengzhou University between July and November 2007. MATERIALS： Forty male, 8-week-old, Sprague Dawley rats were included in this study. METHODS： Endurance training consisted of treadmill running once a day, 6 days a week, for 4. weeks. For acute exhaustive exercise, graded treadmill running was conducted. Rats were exposed to exercise at an increasing speed （10 m/min, increasing to 20 and 36 m/min for moderate- and high-intensity exhaustive exercise, respectively, and then was continued until exhaustion）. A total of 40 rats were evenly distributed into the following 4. groups： Group A rats were not exercised; Group B rats were not trained but sacrificed 24 hours after acute exhaustive treadmill running exercise; Group C-rats were subjected to endurance training and sacrificed immediately after acute exhaustive treadmill running exercise; Group D rats were subjected to endurance training and sacrificed 24 hours after acute exhaustive treadmill running exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Apoptotic cell death was detected by the TUNEL method and hippocampal neuronal ultrastructural change was observed through using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS： All 40 rats were included in the final analysis. Subsequent to exhaustive exercise, rat cerebral cortex and hippocampal neurons appeared contracted and degenerated. In addition, high amount of lipofuscin was visible in the hippocampal region, Necrotic neurons encased by glial cells appeared in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Glial cells exhibited different degrees of swelling. Subsequent to exhaustive exercise, brain cell apoptosis rate significantly increased, and reached over 30% in some regions, compared with group A （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference in apoptosis rate existed between groups B, C, and D （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise cause, to some degree, injuries to glial cells, resulting in apoptosis of numerous brain cells. Subsequent to exhaustive exercise, high amounts of lipofuscin appear in the hippocampus, indicating that exhaustive exercise possibly contributes to neural cell aging or dysmetabolism.

Poor Wheel-Running Exercise Can Decrease Blood Pressure through Hormonal Control and Increase Endurance Exercise Capacity in Middle-Aged Normal Rats

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel-running (WR) on body weight (BW), waist circumference, mesenteric fat mass (MFM), adipocyte size, circulating cytokines/hormones, blood pressure (BP) and exercise endurance capacity in 11-month-old normal rats. Three-week WR with about 0.2 km of daily running distance caused a gradual loss in BW despite an increased intake of food/water. MFM decreased as daily running distance increased. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between MFM and BW, waist circumference or adipocyte size. On the other hand, WR significantly decreased systolic/diastolic BPs, and increased endurance exercise capacity. WR rat sera contained lower concentrations of angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and endothelin-1 and higher concentration of brain natriuretic peptide compared with sedentary rat sera. Thus, WR-induced reduction in resting BPs may be accomplished by attenuated vasoconstriction, enhanced vasodilatation and reduction in blood volume. In addition, circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 were higher in WR rats, suggesting angiogenesis, anti-inflammation and insulin-sensitization. These results support a prevalent idea that daily light-exercise is a potential strategy for preventing metabolic syndrome.

L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion increased carbohydrate oxidation but not lipid oxidation during submaximal endurance exercise following resistance exercise

This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on lipid oxidation during submaximal endurance exercise following resistance exercise. Ten healthy young male adults with no history of regular resistance exercise (age: 26.0 +/- 4.4) conducted resistance exercise after L-ornithine hydrochloride or placebo ingestion (0.1 g/kg). Subjects exercised for 60 min on an ergometer at 50% VO2peak 120 min after resistance exercise. Plasma ornithine concentrations measured immediately, 120min and 180min after resistance exercise in the L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion condition were significantly greater than those in the placebo condition. No significant difference was found in serum growth hor mone concentrations between both conditions (F = 4.4, p = 0.065). Serum free fatty acid concentrations were significantly greater immediately after submaximal ergometer bicycle exercise in both conditions than those before ingestion, immediately after resistance exercise and 120min after resistance exercise (F = 43.4, p .001, 300% - 508%), but no significant difference was found between both conditions (F = 3.6, p = 0.090). A similar trend was observed in serum ketone bodies as well. Although total energy production during submaximal ergometer exercise did not significantly differ (t = 0.74, p = 0.238), a significant difference was found in energy production via carbohydrate and lipid oxidation;the former was greater in the Lornithine hydrochloride ingestion condition (t = 1.89, p = 0.046, d = 0.44, 106%), and the latter was greater in the placebo condition (t = 1.89, p = 0.046, d = 0.78%, 145%). From the above, L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion may not affect lipid metabolism during submaximal endurance exercise following resistance exercise. It may be involved in energy production via carbohydrate oxidation with glucogenic amino acid.

Effect of endurance training on the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise

Objective:To clarify the effect of endurance training on the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise.Methods:A total of 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(C),low-strength endurance training(LSET)and high-strength endurance training(HSET)groups(n=15).The mice in the control group were not conducted to platform training.The mice in the LSET and HSET groups were conducted to platform training at 30%and 60%of exhaustive exercise once a day for 5 days a week,respectively.The exhaustion exercise was performed after 5 weeks of platform training.Total RNA was extracted from myocardial tissues,and the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues was analyzed using Illimina transcriptome sequencing.Results:The distance and time of exhaustive exercise were longer in the LSET and HSET groups than in the control group,and the distance and time of exhaustive exercise were longer in the HSET group than in the LSET group(P<0.05).A total of 54 differentially expressed circRNAs(28 down-regulated and 26 up-regulated),7 differentially expressed lncRNAs(all down-regulated),3 differentially expressed miRNAs(1 down-regulated and 2 up-regulated)and 99 differentially expressed mRNAs(81 down-regulated and 18 up-regulated)were identified by transcriptome sequencing(P<0.05).Interaction network analysis revealed that ENSMUSG00000113041,MSTRG.79740,mmu-miR-374c-5p,18 down-regulated mRNAs and 3 up-regulated mRNAs formed a regulatory network.GO functional analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in primary metabolic processes and macromolecular synthesis and metabolic processes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascade pathways,estrogen signaling pathway and glucagon signaling pathway.Conclusion:Endurance training could alter the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise,and these differentially expressed RNAs form a regulatory network that affects cardiomyocyte synthesis and metabolism and thus participates in the regulation of myocardial injury.

Treadmill exercise improves hippocampal neural plasticity and relieves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of epilepsy

Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.

Physical exercise and synaptic protection in human and pre-clinical models of multiple sclerosis

In multiple sclerosis,only immunomodulato ry and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies.Howeve r,in recent years,several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible role of physical exe rcise as disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis.Current evidence is sparse and often conflicting,and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antinflammatory role of exercise in multiple sclerosis have not been fully elucidated.Data,mainly derived from pre-clinical studies,suggest that exe rcise could enhance longterm potentiation and thus neuroplasticity,could reduce neuroinflammation and synaptopathy,and dampen astrogliosis and microgliosis.In humans,most trials focused on direct clinical and MRI outcomes,as investigating synaptic,neuroinflammato ry,and pathological changes is not straightfo rward compared to animal models.The present review analyzed current evidence and limitations in research concerning the potential disease-modifying therapy effects of exercise in multiple sclerosis in animal models and human studies.

American ginseng supplementation attenuates creatine kinase level induced by submaximal exercise in human beings

AIM: To investigate whether American ginseng (AG, Panax quinquefolium) supplementation was able to improve endurance exercise performance.METHODS: Thirteen physically active male college students were divided into two groups (AG or placebo)and received supplementation for 4 wk, before the exhaustive running exercise. Treadmill speed was increased to a pace equivalent to 80% VO2max of the subject. A 4-wk washout period followed before the subjects crossed over and received the alternate supplement for the next 4 wk.They then completed a second exhaustive running exercise. The physiological variables that were examined included time to exhaustion and oxygen pulse. Moreover,the plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate were measured prior to the exercise, at 15 and 30 min during exercise,immediately after exercise, and 20, 40, 60, and 120 min after exercise.RESULTS: The major finding of this investigation was that the production plasma CK during the exercise significantly decreased for group AG than for group P. Secondary physiological finding was that 80% VO2max running was not improved over a 4-wk AG supplementation regimen.CONCLUSION: Supplementation with AG for 4 wk prior to an exhaustive aerobic treadmill running reduced the leakage of CK during exercise, but did not enhance aerobic work capacity. The reduction of plasma CK may be due to the fact that AG is effective for the decrease of skeletal muscle cell membrane damage, induced by exercise during the high-intensity treadmill run.

How does high-intensity intermittent training affect recreational endurance runners? Acute and chronic adaptations: A systematic review

Objective: This systematic review aimed to critically analyze the literature to determine how high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT) affects recreational endurance runners in the short-and long-term.Methods: Electronic databases were searched for literature dating from January 2000 to October 2015. The search was conducted using the key words "high-intensity intermittent training" or "high-intensity interval exercise" or "interval running" or "sprint interval training" and "endurance runners" or "long distance runners". A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 783 articles identified for initial review. Studies were included if they investigated HIIT in recreational endurance runners. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro) scale(for intervention studies) and the modified Downs and Black Quality Index(for cross-sectional studies).Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. The results are presented in 2 parts: cross-sectional(n = 15) and intervention studies(n = 8). In the 15 cross-sectional studies selected, endurance runners performed at least 1 HIIT protocol, and the acute impact on physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic and/or biomechanical variables was assessed. Intervention studies lasted a minimum of 4 weeks, with 10 weeks being the longest intervention period, and included 2 to 4 HIIT sessions per week. Most of these studies combined HIIT sessions with continuous run(CR) sessions; 2 studies' subjects performed HIIT exclusively.Conclusion: HIIT-based running plans(2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week, combining HIIT and CR runs) show athletic performance improvements in endurance runners by improving maximal oxygen uptake and running economy along with muscular and metabolic adaptations. To maximize the adaptations to training, both HIIT and CR must be part of training programs for endurance runners.

The effects of oral smokeless tobacco administration on endurance performance

Background： Smokeless tobacco is widely used by athletes to enhance performance. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts on cardiocirculatory and metabolic systems, involving tissue blood flow and circulatory vasoreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral smokeless tobacco （Swedish snus （SS）） on the perception of fatigue and time to exhaustion （TTE） during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Methods： Fourteen healthy non-tobacco male users were recruited for a double-blind, controlled crossover design （SS vs. snus placebo （SP））. Subjects were tested for 3 sessions： experimental session 1 （Exp 1） consisted of an incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power out-put （Wmax）, whereas Exp2 and Exp3 consisted of exercising at 65%Wmax until exhaustion in SS or SP conditions. During Exp2 and Exp3, muscle and cerebral oxygenation was assessed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, and the rating of perceived exertion （RPE） was recorded. Results： Comparing SS with SP tests, significant differences （p 〈 0.05） were found in the values of cerebral （-3%） and muscular tissues oxygenation （-4%） in the first 30 min of exercise. The RPE values were not significantly different between the 2 conditions （SS vs. SP）. No significant difference was found in TTE （SS： 54.25 ± 21.84 min; SP： 50.01 ± 17.03 min）. Conclusion： This study showed that muscular and cerebral oxygenation increased significantly with snus administration during an endurance exercise until exhaustion, but this did not affect fatigue perception and TTE. The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Potential Legal Issues and Care Implications during Care-Prevention Gymnastic Exercises for the Elderly Using Pepper in Long Term Health Care Facilities

In Japan, the shortage of personnel is a problem in long-term care nursing and rehabilitative care prevention. Nevertheless, Japan has taken measures to compensate for these shortages by promoting medical and nursing care activities using robotic technologies, and employing human resources from overseas. The purpose of this study was to determine potential legal issues and subsequent implications for care during prevention gymnastic exercises for the elderly using Pepper in long-term health facilities. The application program of Care-Prevention Gymnastics Exercises for Pepper (Pepper with CPGE) was made by the Xing Company Japan. Currently, care workers become intermediaries for the safe use of Pepper with CPGE. However, it was realized that some legal issues may arise if Pepper with CPGE alone will carry out these preventive care programs for the elderly without the presence of care workers as intermediaries. In this situation, using Pepper with CPGE alone to conduct care prevention gymnastics will require safety measures to prevent these possible practice issues and anticipate implications for care. In this regard, determining detailed target levels of rehabilitation exercise demands and environmental setting safety become essential factors. The use of humanoid robots in healthcare is expected to influence more practice protocols in contemporary and futurist rehabilitative human care. The identification of possible safety issues in performance and environmental situations, and implications for care are critical to ensure safe and valuable rehabilitative health care practices for the elderly population.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Training on Patients with Myocardial Ischemia Caused by Coronary Heart Disease

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of long-term aerobic exercise combined with resistance training in patients with myocardial ischemia caused by coronary heart disease and its influence on cardiac function, exercise endurance and quality of life. Methods:100 patients with myocardial ischemia caused by coronary heart disease from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into control group (n = 50 cases) and observation group (n = 50 cases). The control group was given resistance training, while the observation group was combined with long-term aerobic exercise on the basis of the control group. The two groups were treated for 3 months. The cardiac function, exercise endurance and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results:The levels of IVST (8.20+1.32) mm, LVDD (46.43+4.13) mm and LVSD (32.59+3.15) mm in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 3 months after treatment. The level of LVEF (67.49+5.77)% in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at 3 months after treatment. The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The ET (55.42+2.9) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). 2) The levels of ng/L and TXB2 (93.23 + 6.26) ng/L were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 6-minute walking distance (561.25 +43.64) m and the quality of life score (95.31 +6.39) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group 3 months after treatment, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term aerobic exercise combined with resistance training can improve cardiac function, exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with myocardial ischemia caused by coronary heart disease, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Effect of action research-based exercise training guidance on exercise endurance and readmission rate in patients with stable angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease

Background Stable angina pectoris is a common subtype of coronary heart disease.Patients suffer from chest tightness,chest pain and crushing pain under the inducement of fatigue and emotional agitation.This study aims to investigate the effect of exercise training guidance based on action research on exercise endurance and readmission rate of patients with stable angina pectoris.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients with stable angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to November 2023.Patients were divided into a control group of 29 cases(receiving conventional exercise training guidance)and a guidance group of 31 cases(receiving action research-based exercise training guidance).Both groups received continuous training for one month.A comparison was made between the exercise endurance indicators[6-minute walk test distance(6MWT),peak oxygen consumption(peak VO2),anaerobic threshold(AT),exercise duration(ED)],quality of life,and readmission rate within 6 months after intervention in both groups.Results After 1 month of intervention,6MWT,peak VO2,AT and ED were increased in both groups,and those in the guidance group were higher than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).The score of quality of life(The 36-item shot-form health status survey,SF-36)in both groups was increased,and the guidance group scored higher than the conventional group(P<0.05).The readmission rate of patients in the guidance group was 6.45%,which was lower than that in the conventional group(27.59%)(P<0.05).Conclusions The application of action research-based exercise training guidance in patients with stable angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease has significant effects,improving exercise endurance,significantly improving quality of life,and reducing readmission rate,thus having practical value.[S Chin J Cardiol 2024;25(3):162-168]

补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗机械通气重症监护室获得性衰弱患者的临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗机械通气重症监护室获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)的疗效。[方法]选择2019年10月—2022年10月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的82例行机械通气治疗的重症监护室获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)患者,随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组各41例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗14 d。比较两组疗效、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、下床活动时间、中医证候积分、衰弱、肌力状态、运动耐力、日常生活能力以及并发症和不良反应差异。[结果]观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(95.12%vs.73.17%,P<0.05),机械通气时间、重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、下床活动时间短于对照组(P<0.01),6 min步行距离、Barthel指数(BI)指数高于对照组(P<0.05),Borg评分、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后体倦乏力、食欲不振、胁胀作痛、情志抑郁、面色萎黄积分、心血管健康研究指数(CHS)评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),医学研究委员会(MRC)评分较治疗前增高(P<0.01),观察组治疗后上述中医证候积分、CHS评分低于对照组(P<0.01),MRC评分高于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]与常规治疗比较,补中益气汤合小柴胡汤更有助于改善衰弱和疲劳症状,提高运动耐力和日常生活能力,临床疗效更显著。