Long-term feeding of sand rice(Agriophyllum squarrosum seed)can improve the antioxidant capacity of mice

Unhealthy eating habits with sugar-rich and high-fat foods can bring nutritional imbalance and other chronic diseases. At present, there is an increasing demand in regulating human sub-health through functional foods. Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.) Moq., a pioneer plant native to sand dunes with ecological restoration function, is a traditional food plant of sand regions and Mongolian folk medicine. Numerous studies have confirmed that A. squarrosum seed, also called sand rice, has high nutritional value. However, the long-term health effects of eating sand rice remain unclear. To better explore and evaluate its long-term effects, hereby, ICR mice were fed with sand rice flour at different ratios(control, 60% and 95%) for 100 days. Results show that the growth and blood glucose level curve of these experimental mice were lower and more stable than that of the control. In addition, mice fed pure sand rice ingredient(95%) gained more stable body weight and blood glucose after 28 days, which revealed that sand rice is a food with comprehensive nutritional value and rarely negatively impacts the body growth performance. Our data also demonstrates that, the content of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) provided the lowest level in the blood of mice with a diet of pure sand rice ingredient, 0.48, 4.14, 0.91, 3.03 mmol/L, respectively. Also, T-SOD and GSH-PX activity provided a high level in mice with pure sand rice gradient, which significantly increased by 36%(T-SOD)and 19%(GSH-PX) compared to the control. These results suggest that long term intake of the pure sand rice ingredients is more helpful for stabilizing blood lipid and improve antioxidant capacity and beneficial to people suffering from chronic disease. This study supplies the first animal evidence to support the claim that sand rice is a promising functional food with comprehensive nutrition in the future. We are confident that, with increasing demands of daily sand rice usage, planting A. squarrosum in the vast desert regions will further increase the local economy and ecological restoration when coping with global warming.

Analysis on the Development Trend of Contemporary Local Governance Mode from the perspective of Economic Policy and Environmental Capacity Optimization

As the basic level of national governance, local governance is deeply influenced by administrative tradition, political system and economic development level of a country. With more than thirty years of reform and opening up, the pattern of local governance has become diversified. The diversity of governance model cannot be managed in the same way, however, it cannot affect the government’s ability to play the initiative role of governance. We need to innovate and improve the existing local governance models.

National Governance Capacity from the View of Comparative Political Economy-Based on the Fight Against COVID-19

At the beginning of 2020,COVID-19 has blocked the pace of the world economic development.In the process of fighting the epidemic,different countries have formulated different policies and showed different effects from fighting it.After the end of COVID-19,the rapid social and economic recovery as well as their development require scientific and effective governance from all countries.From the perspective of comparative political economy theory,taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example,this article points out the advantages and deficiencies of the national governance capacity,as well as seek ways to improve the national governance capacity.

Analytical Framework Model for Capacity Needs Assessment and Strategic Capacity Development within the Local Government Structure in Tanzania

This is a methodological paper prepared by senior academicians, researchers and consultants from renowned universities in Tanzania. The paper provides insights as to how best development agents can approach the challenge of capacity needs assessment and development of capacity building programs in the context of the local government structure in Tanzania. The paper is of original nature and is based on author’s accumulated knowledge and practice in conducting capacity assessments and developing capacity building programs in Tanzania. The paper describes what can be considered to be best practices in conducting participatory capacity assessment through consultative processes which involves most of the key actors who would be engaged in implementing proposed interventions. The paper puts forward an analytical model for capacity assessment and program development in the Tanzanian context. The main features of the model can be summarized as participatory capacity assessment, strategic capacity building program development and complementarity through synergy building with like-minded stakeholders. The operational modality for utilizing the model in developing capacity building programs which among other components has monitoring and evaluation aspects is included. It is recommended that practitioners and development agents should test the model in their working environments to realize its potential benefits including program ownership by stakeholders.

The path and countermeasures of increasing government’s governance capacities in energy-saving renovation of existing buildings

The dual functions of government participation and governance in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determine the importance of the government’s scientific and effective actions.Continuously improving the government’s role is to promote the effective operation of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the inherent requirements of improving the government governance capacity in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market,this paper constructs the implementation path for the development of the existing building’s energy-saving renovation market from the three dimensions of practical concept,practical process and practical methods.From the four aspects of improving the legal and regulatory system,building a market information sharing platform,establishing a sound market supervision mechanism,and consolidating and improving the market accountability system,we will structure the existing building energysaving renovation market development to improve the government’s ability to restrain and implement measures.From the four levels of improving the market incentive mechanism,optimizing the market financing environment,clarifying the position of market resource allocation,and building a social operation platform,design measures to improve government incentives in the development of the existing building energy conservation renovation market.From the shaping of governance yuan organizational roles,governance capacity and responsibilities of departments at all levels to define boundaries,to build four main interactive platform governance perspective,the main parties demand balance the interests of both the governance capacity development planning in the government market,building energy-saving market to enhance the implementation of countermeasures.In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market based on the enhancement of government governance capacity.

Development of Chinese Cultural Governance since the Reform and Opening-up

Contemporary Chinese cultural governance is an important part of the national governance system and the modernization of national governance capacity. It must combine international experience and local method together and run through the whole process of cultural system reform. The good governance of culture is the goal pursued by Chinese cultural governance, which displays the management process of maximizing cultural public interest. In the new era, cultural governance reform has experienced governance subject centralized to pluralism, governance space from inside to outside, governance method from ruling by man to the rule of law, governance path from control-oriented government to service-oriented government. To further improve Chinese cultural governance in the new era, relationships between top-level design and grass-root innovation, cultural democracy and cultural concentration, national cultural interests, social cultural interests and cultural interests of the citizens, domestic cultural governance and global culture must be dialectically dealt with. In the government-market-social governance structure, mutual assistance of multiple missions and win-win of multiple subjects can be achieved, thus promoting harmony of multiple interests.

Recovery Capacity of the Finance System of Italian Municipalities After the Currency Crisis of 1992

This paper is a first pioneering attempt to apply the concept of resilience to the analysis of the public finance systems of local governments, a concept already used and ＂abused＂ in various disciplines and fields of science. In particular, it proposes an attempt to estimate the recovery capacity of Italian Municipalities in a crucial period of our country＇s financial history, between 1992 and 2000, or between the currency crisis and the introduction of the Euro. However, the analysis also involved the subsequent trends, in order to demonstrate that the current vulnerability of the municipal public finance system, in particular of the Municipalities of Southern Italy, depends not only on the economic cycle but also on the continuous and incessant changes in the financing mechanisms of local governments established by the central government. The analysis showed a lower financial resilience of the Municipalities of the Mezzogiorno （island and continental） compared to those of the Center-North. The determinants of this phenomenon were found, for one part, through the analysis of the financial data of the Italian Municipalities - as presented by the SVIMEZ in its annual reports on the economy of the Mezzogiomo - and, for another part, through the critical synthesis of significant economic events which occurred during the period examined.

基层治理新趋势:以系统化改革破解基层治理的难题

随着我国走向现代化发展新阶段,基层治理也面临着现代化的转型。在此过程中,要突破基层治理在认知性、结构性和功能性方面的困境,全面深化改革“必须坚持系统观念”。为此,基层治理改革要加强党政统筹的顶层设计,通过优化治理系统结构、明确系统主体职责和推进数字化治理等改革措施,实现由“要素管理”向“系统治理”转变,以求增强基层治理的系统性、整体性和协同性,从而全面推进基层治理体系和治理能力现代化。

数字治理中技术依赖的伦理风险与规制

数字治理是数字技术与社会治理深度融合以创造更大公共价值的一种新型治理形态,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的应然要求。在数字治理进程中,政府与数字技术的关系由技术辅助逐渐演化为技术主导,这在社会治理决策、行为和系统建设中产生了技术依赖现象,即智能决策替代治理主体决策、技术行为替代治理主体行为和平台建设替代结构流程优化。技术依赖带来的伦理风险包括政府公权力系统被侵蚀、治理过程的伦理原则与程序的失效以及治理结果责任归属不清等问题。这些伦理风险既阻碍了数字治理对公共价值的创造,也不利于国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的推进。实践中,应从数据信息、治理决策、治理系统等数字治理流程中的3个关键变量着手,厘清数字技术嵌入社会治理的边界,探索优化数字治理的实施路径,具体包括控制社会治理数据信息的准入和流出以推进治理公平、优化人类决策与算法决策的合理分工以彰显公共价值、推动数字权力与政府权力的共建以明确治理责任归属等。通过规制技术依赖带来的伦理风险,推动数字治理创造更多公共价值,促进社会的公平正义和人民的幸福生活,实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的战略目标。

数字时代的大学治理:理论逻辑、现实挑战及其实施策略

党的二十大报告提出了“推进教育数字化,建设全民终身学习的学习型社会、学习型大国”的要求。大学治理作为国家战略的重要部署,肩负起数字化发展的重要使命。在数字时代,大学治理不但需要主动适应数字技术的新诉求而实现治理形态的变革,还应以“人”为治理核心,借力数字技术的特有效用对大学治理能力进行赋能与再创新。在现实挑战中,数字技术赋能大学治理还存在着大学治理理念断裂、治理主体权责不均衡、数据流通引发风险等诸多挑战。基于此,依据数字时代大学治理的理论内涵,大学治理应从树立人本治理理念、加强数字平台建设、实施监管机制三个方面入手,借由数字技术资源的嵌入来促进大学治理能力的提升。

基层应急治理能力提升:类型、梗阻与策略——基于“主体—情境—技术”分析框架

基层应急治理能力体系是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,基层应急治理能力直接彰显了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。主体、情境与技术是基层应急治理能力提升的关键要素,通过建构“主体—情境—技术”分析框架,将实践案例归结为主体协同型、情境主导型与技术主导型三种基层应急治理实践类型。在基层应急治理能力提升过程中,仍面临“科层—社会”存在张力与应急信任合作机制缺失,常态预防预警能力欠缺与非常态响应机制运转不畅,数据共享链条易被阻断与“技术决定论”思维固化等现实困境。为切实提升基层应急治理能力,需要打造“一核多元”协同应急格局,灵活调适“常态—非常态”应急治理重心,增强基层智慧应急治理实效。

找回集体:内生型集体经济发展与村社集体治理能力提升

发展壮大农村集体经济,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要经济基础。基于山东省临清市农村集体“三资”清理的典型案例,探讨内生型集体经济发展的内涵和优势。通过产权制度改革和产业经营发展集体经济的尝试,仍然是外部资源输入式的经营逻辑;而“三资”清理正是内生型集体经济发展的重要方式,借助政策合法性、集体土地制度正义性和村庄公共话语来收回被个体村民侵占的集体土地,实现村集体收入的增加和集体体制的激活。内生型集体经济发展并不追求主体上的完全市场化,经营上更多依靠村社集体对土地资源的统筹和调控能力,目标是实现与全体村民的良性互动并调整村社内部利益关系。在具体实践中,通过加强集体对土地的控制权、提高村社集体统筹能力、重建村庄公共性和凸显实体化集体定位,实现通过发展内生型集体经济来提升村社治理能力的目标。集体经济在发展过程中要找回具备自主性、嵌入性和公共性的集体,发挥集体经济社会性、政治性和经济性等综合功能。

产学研合作、知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效——高管学术背景与政府创新补贴的调节作用

在梳理产学研合作与企业创新绩效关系研究的基础上,结合交易成本理论、资源基础理论以及高层梯队理论,以2010-2021年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,探讨产学研合作对企业创新绩效的促进作用及机制,并将高管学术背景和政府创新补贴作为调节变量纳入研究框架。实证分析发现:产学研合作对企业创新绩效发挥显著促进作用;当企业具有学术背景的高管比例较高时,这一效应更加显著;高水平政府创新补贴同样能够增强这一效应。中介效应检验发现,企业参与产学研合作对其知识吸收能力具有显著促进作用,同时,企业可以通过提升知识吸收能力,增强自身对环境变化感知的敏锐性与自主创新能力,进而提高创新绩效。

组织韧性:城市社区风险治理的机制优化

面对复杂多变、日益严峻的风险挑战,组织韧性是城市社区提升风险防治能力与实现可持续发展的重要方面。如何整合城市社区组织关系、制度规范、社会资源和集群文化以有效提升组织韧性,在应对各种风险挑战和冲击时快速适应、恢复以至在新的基础上实现跃升,成为我国城市高质量发展和社会治理现代化的重要命题。基于组织韧性视角,应以城市社区风险的有效防范与治理为出发点,从组织架构、组织制度、组织技术和组织文化等多元维度系统地探索组织韧性赋能城市社区风险治理的具体路径,并通过采取具有针对性的措施提升城市社区自组织结构、过程、能力和治理模式方面的韧性,从而夯实城市应急治理的制度根基。

“好”政策何以带来“好”服务?——基于政府购买社会工作服务政策的量化评估

政府购买社会工作服务政策实施已满10年,对其进行系统检视的关键在于回答“好”政策何以带来“好”服务。一个创新性的评估路径是引入PMC指数模型对样本政策进行质量评估,并结合服务效果评估揭示政策与服务之间的联动机制。研究发现,政策质量总体上达到了水平较高的“好”政策标准,无明显地域差异,但出现执行偏差,存在一定程度的逐级向下衰减问题。社会行政能力在“好”政策转化为“好”服务的过程中发挥了关键的催化作用,应将其作为重要政策工具和战略选择,在政策实施和评估研究中重视“过程-能力”视角。

国家治理能力现代化评价指标体系及进展监测

从治理效能角度出发,构建一套全面、科学且具有中国特色的国家治理能力现代化评价指标体系,由经济、政治、文化、社会、生态、党建6个一级指标、21个二级指标和53个三级指标组成。同时,依据政府官方文件、学者预测结果和趋势预测设定2035年的目标值,测算全国2013—2021年的国家治理能力现代化进展程度。研究发现,2021年我国的国家治理现代化指数达63.65,距离2035年基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的目标已进程过半。此外,通过贡献分析发现在2013—2015年、2017—2019年和2019—2021年间,政治指标在所有指标中对国家治理现代化的贡献度最高。

地方政府环境治理与企业产能过剩

通过环境治理淘汰落后产能是新时代有效化解企业产能过剩的重要举措,相较于被动执行中央环境保护政策,地方政府工作报告中的环境治理目标和措施不仅可以有效发挥本级相关部门环境治理的主观能动性,还可以结合地区实际制定适宜的环境保护政策。然而,基于地方政府环境治理视角的研究较为匮乏。本文通过Python提取各地区政府工作报告中与环境保护相关词频,构建地方政府环境治理指标,实证检验了地方政府环境治理对企业产能过剩的影响。研究发现:第一,地方政府环境治理显著提升了企业产能利用率,该结果在采用工具变量法等方法进行内生性和稳健性检验后依然成立。第二,地方政府环境治理通过发挥“遵循成本效应”抑制企业过度投资,以及发挥“创新补偿效应”倒逼企业绿色技术创新,从而迫使企业淘汰落后产能、提升产能利用率。第三,地方政府环境治理的去产能效应在“产能攀比”激烈行业和市场化程度较高地区更为显著,且地方政府环境治理的去产能效应带动了企业价值提升。本文的研究不仅为产能过剩的政府干预理论提供了新证据,也延伸了政府环境治理化解产能过剩的理论框架,还为当前去产能政策的制定提供了借鉴。

多重堕距:地方政府创新缘何难以持续——基于安徽省亳州市B县邻长制的案例研究

政府创新的适用性和有效性共同决定着政府创新的可持续性。通过构建政府创新可持续性影响分析框架,对安徽省亳州市B县邻长制这一基层组织体系建设案例进行实证分析,探讨多重堕距如何影响政府创新的可持续性。研究表明:资源堕距弱化了邻长制运行的组织动力,文化堕距加剧了邻长制运行的主观阻碍,能力堕距限制了邻长制运行的功能发挥,而多重堕距共同作用则降低了邻长制运行的可持续性。多重堕距为研究地方政府创新可持续性提供了新的视角,也为地方政府保持创新的可持续性提供了一定的理论参考。

证据驱动的循证决策国际进展、趋势与展望

起源于上世纪90年中期英国政府的循证实践,近年来在全球战略规划制定、国际学术交流、国际合作网络搭建、跨部门协作等方面涌现出诸多新进展,推动了循证决策的快速发展。上述新进展显示出循证决策已成为全球治理和政策制定的共同愿景、循证决策制度化成为全球共同追求的治理创新、证据流动系统成为循证决策的基础遵循、多元化证据产品贯穿于循证决策全过程等发展趋势。随着循证决策助推国际战略规划制定更加科学和有效,证据获取体系、证据评估系统、多样化证据产品将得到快速发展,政府决策者的循证决策能力将得到快速提升。

档案韧性治理:动因之问、理论之思和策略之析

档案治理是档案事业发展的重要方式。时代变局和治理升级要求档案治理理论创新。引入韧性治理理论并提出“档案韧性治理”概念,论述其在发展韧性、参与韧性、结构韧性和能力韧性四重维度的特征。基于档案韧性治理,从提升档案治理韧性方面提出档案治理现代化的新路径:形成动态机制,稳固持续发展韧性;完善保障机制,增强社会参与韧性;强化协调机制,联通体系结构韧性;落实聚合机制,夯实治理能力韧性。