Phytosynthetic bacteria (PSB) as a water quality improvement mechanism in saline-alkali wetland ponds

The efficiency of phytosynthetic bacteria (PSB) to improve the water quality in saline alkali ponds was studied, the result showed that (1) PSB application could increase the content of DO, NO\+-\-3\|N and effective phosphorus (EP) in ponds; (2) the changes of COD were not evident, just effective in later period after PSB application; (3) PSB application could decrease the contents of NH\+-\-4\|N (NH\-3\|N), NO\+-\-2\|N ; (4) PSB application could improve the structure of the effective nitrogen (EN) and EP, stimulate the growth of phytoplankton, and increase primary productivity, and finally increase the commercial profits of ponds because of the increase of EP and the decrease of EN contents; (5) the effect exerting speed of PSB was slower, but the effect sustaining time was longer; (6) the appropriate concentration of PSB application in saline alkali wetland ponds was 10×10 -6 mg/L, one time effective period was more than 15 days. So PSB was an efficient water quality improver in saline alkali ponds.

The Improvement of the Quality of Irrigation Water Contaminated with Heavy Metals in the Borg El Arab, Egypt

The aim of this study is to estimate the effects of the accumulation of harmful heavy metals in the irrigation water resulting from the proximity of the various activities of various water: sewage, artesian wells and industrial activities, particularly Borg El Arab Industrial area and take Nile water l Control (Bahig canal). The concentrations of these heavy metals in samples drawn from different distances from the source of irrigation in summer 2011 that contain the highest concentrations, followed by the winter of 2012. These results have shown that the amount of heavy metals in the samples at a distance of 50 meters is more than quantity of 5000 m by a 30 to 35 twice in water for irrigation, also the amount of heavy metals in the samples at a distance of 50 meters has values less than the permissible limits and disappeares completely at a distance of 5000 meters and that for different sources.

Using Double-Bounded Dichotomous-Choice to Estimate Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Quality in Bac Ninh Province of Vietnam

This study used double-bounded dichotomous-choice to estimate and analyze the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvement. This study notes that households with higher income, living near a polluted water source, using tap water instead of natural water, who are handicraft producers, and who have more members, are willing to pay more. However, households who rarely hear about environmental pollution issues and who are offered a higher bid are more likely to refuse to pay. Solutions to improve water quality are suggested such as to raise people’s awareness through communication channels and social organizations;to increase income associated with environmental protection policies;to construct wastewater treatment plants;to encourage the relocation of production establishments to industrial parks and industrial complexes;to put regulations on collection, payment and sanctions in case of not declaring and paying fees into village conventions;to promulgate circulars, and bylaws to concretize and simplify regulations and policies of the Government and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Studying Design and Use of Healthcare Technologies in Interaction: The Social Learning Perspective in a Dutch Quality Improvement Collaborative Program

Designing technologies is a process that relies on multiple interactions between design and use contexts. These interactions are essential to the development and establishment of technologies. This article seeks to understand the attempts of healthcare organisations to integrate use contexts into the design of healthcare technologies following insights of the theoretical approaches of social learning and user representations. We present a multiple case study of three healthcare technologies involved in improving elderly care practice. These cases were part of a Dutch quality improvement collaborative program, which urged that development of these technologies was not “just” development, but should occur in close collaboration with other parts of the collaborative program, which were more focused on implementation. These cases illustrate different ways to develop technologies in interaction with use contexts and users. Despite the infrastructure of the collaborative program, interactions were not without problems. We conclude by arguing that interactions between design and use are not naturally occurring phenomena, but must be actively organised in order to create effects.

Water Quality Evaluation Using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network Based on Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Chaos Theory

To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional methods of water quality evaluation, in this paper, a novel model combines particle swarm optimization (PSO), chaos theory, self-adaptive strategy and back propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) that was proposed to evaluate the water quality of Weihe River in China. An improved PSO algorithm with a self-adaptive inertia weight and a chaotic learning factor tuned by logistic function was developed and used to optimize the network parameters of BP ANN. The values of average absolute deviation (AAD), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and squared correlation coefficient are 0.0061, 0.0163 and 0.9903, respectively. Compared with other methods, such as BP ANN, and PSO BP ANN, the proposed model displays optimal prediction performance with high precision and good correlation. The results show that the proposed method has the good prediction ability for evaluating water quality. It is convenient, reliable and high precision, which provides good analysis and evaluation method for water quality.

Environmental Anthropological Study of Watershed Management‐Water Quality Conservation of Forest as a Catchment Area in the Southern Part of Australia

Authors have conducted an experiment of irradiation using sound waves (frequency) including ultrasonic waves into water such as drinking water, sea water and forest water and wastewater so far. As a result, almost the same effect of improvement of water quality was confirmed for each sound wave. Then, an environmental anthropological study of watershed management based on the sound was carried out assuming that a water quality management using the sound could be possible. The Goulburn River basin in the southern part of Australia in which indigenous peoples (Yorta Yorta) have been concerned with the management for a long time so far was selected as an objective drainage basin this time. As a result, a couple of environmental anthropological perspectives on watershed management were proposed.

Study on Technical Schemes for Major Pollutants Emission Reduction in Beijing North Canal River Basin Based on Watershed Water Quality Target Management

Water quality target management in watershed is the fundamental choice of city rivers suffering both serious pollution and severe water shortage. In this study, we performed a case study regarding river pollution control plan based on water quality target management in the North Canal River catchment of Beijing section, in order to obtain effective water quality improvement programs. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were taken as the main controlling pollutants. Water quality targets and basic water quality improvement scenarios were set up considering different intensities of population regulation scenarios and gradually strengthening emission control measures. The MIKE11 model was adopted to simulate the effects of a range of water quality improvement scenarios. Results indicated that the basic scenarios could dramatically improve the surface water environment. However, additional intensive and combined measure programs should be implemented to ensure that the water quality would basically meet the targets of corresponding water function zones. The results highlight the need to implement water conservation in water shortage urban river basin and show the importance of enhancing drainage communication and conducting ecological water replenishment in such kind basins. It is expected to provide a reference for the water environment management practice of other metropolis in the world facing both crisis of water resource shortage and water environment pollution.

Impact of Water Quality Sampling Process on Environmental Monitoring Results

The sampling of environmental water should ensure the representativeness and integrity of the sampled water body,which has an important impact on the monitoring results.The sampling of different water bodies sampling will result in different monitoring results.Based on the study on the problems and influencing factors in the sampling process of environmental water quality,improvement measures during the sampling process were elaborated in the paper,with the aim to strengthen on-site control of water sampling,and reduce adverse effects on monitoring results.

Water Quality Analysis of Fuping Section of the Shichuan River Based on Different Evaluation Methods

In order to study the water quality of the Shichuan River basin in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,based on improved Nemerow index method,comprehensive pollution index method and principal component analysis method,eight water quality indexes such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),COD,total hardness,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and Zn in three monitoring sections of Fuping section of the Shichuan River in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed.The results show that the water quality of the surface water in the Shichuan River basin is gradeⅢorⅣwater,that is,the water is slightly polluted and moderately polluted.It is necessary to monitor the water quality after regulation and clarify the main factors causing the water pollution.

Performance of a Horizontal Flow Constructed Reed Bed Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: The Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protection while supporting agricultural needs. The study calls for ongoing research to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resource sustainability.

Modeling the effects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement

This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale. The experimental field-scale wetland systems （four sets, 0.88 ha each） have been in operation since 2002, where water depth was maintained at 30-50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3-18.8 cm/day. The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency even during the winter. The integrated modeling system （modified-BASINS） was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland, stream, and reservoir. The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% （about 114 ha） of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%, respectively. The study suggested that about 0.1%-1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.

Water Treatment for Waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay Phase-II Project of Kunshan City, China

To guarantee water quality of waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay of Kunshan City, maintain the water quality above the grade-IV specified in National Standards of Surface Water Environmental Quality (GB3838-2002), and achieve the low-cost, long-term and sustainable water maintenance, basic principles of ecological engineering and aquatic ecosystem balance theory were taken as the guidance of water treatment, and several water treatment techniques were applied, for example, configuration of water plants, raising aquatic animals, and putting in microorganisms. In addition, primary water supply, water replenishing and flood drainage were considered in the construction of landscape rivers to ensure landscape effects of the lake. Through the long-term water quality guarantee of principal waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay, rewarding attempts were made in guaranteeing water quality of waterscapes, and favorable effects were achieved.

Measuring the Accessibility of Safe Drinking-water： From Millennium Development Goals Experience to Sustainable Development Goals Prospects

The access to safe drinking-water is a global priority for sustainable development, as it has been recognized within the MDGs （Millennium Development Goals）. Although the MDG’s target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water was met in 2010, the measurement method of the monitoring and evaluation indicator used ignored certain elements including the quality of water that should be underlined. Starting with a review of drinking-water and improved water source concepts, this study examines the limitations of measuring access to safe drinking-water in the context of the MDGs, and learns from the lessons to ensure a better performance in achieving the SDGs （Sustainable Development Goals）.

西部干旱半干旱煤矿区生态环境损伤特征及修复机制

我国煤炭开发重点已战略西移,实现煤炭资源绿色开采与生态协调发展,成为保障国家能源安全的重要举措之一。西部煤层大多数埋藏浅、上覆基岩薄、煤层厚,有利于一次采全高大规模井工开采或露天开采。但该地区气候干旱少雨、生态条件脆弱,大规模高强度对矿区及周边生态环境造成的损伤大。由于对开采过程中生态损伤演变机制及采后修复机理尚不清楚,没有成熟的修复理论和方法作指导,成为制约该地区煤炭高质量发展的重大难题。针对上述难题开展系统研究,认为精准勘测煤炭开采全周期工作面地质-水文地质条件和矿区生态演化特征,有助于阐明开采诱致上覆土岩破损机理、水资源散失富集与循环调运规律、生态损伤演变机理和承载力,并揭示采后矿区土岩层、水资源循环、生态自适应机理。采用植物-微生物组合修复方法,初步构建井工和露天矿山人工与自然协同的水-土-生立体耦合修复理论,提出了生态修复机制的新思考,在浅埋深矿区开采形成的裂缝发育犹如农田松土一般,成为生态修复新的契机,促进水-土-生再分配,并利用微生物修复技术,可促进矿区生态环境的正向协同发展,实现西部煤矿脆弱生态区开发“金山银山”,再造“绿水青山”的思维转变。

基于改进方法的承德地表水环境质量评价

为客观反映地表水水质状况,采用层次分析法和熵权法组合赋权以及加权平均综合评价原则改进模糊综合评价法,并与单因子评价法、内梅罗指数法、传统模糊综合评价法进行比较,评价承德地区地表水环境质量。结果表明:2021年承德地区地表水水质有明显的时空差异性,除7—9月的部分断面水质为较差外,其余断面水质均在Ⅰ~Ⅲ类;影响承德地区地表水水质的主要因子为COD_(Mn)和TP;单因子评价法和内梅罗指数法无法反映整体水质状况,改进的模糊综合评价法相较于传统模糊综合评价法兼顾了各污染因子间相互作用,并弱化了个别水质指标对评价结果的影响,且能够对同一类别水质进行排序,更适用于承德地区地表水环境质量评价。

基于改进麻雀搜索算法的水质模型多参数反演

水质模型参数取值对模型的模拟精度影响很大,为提高BOD-DO水质模型参数反演精度,首先在DobbinsCamp BOD-DO水质模型的基础上,以BOD和DO浓度计算值与实测值之差的加权平方和最小为目标函数,构建了Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO水质多参数反演模型;然后针对麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)求解精度低、稳定性不足和易陷入局部最优等问题,引入Sine混沌映射和对立学习、转移概率以及差分变异3个策略,分别从提高初始种群多样性、扩大搜索空间以及增强种群跳出局部最优的能力三方面对SSA算法进行改进,提出了一种多策略改进的麻雀搜索算法(Multi-strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm,MISSA),并将其应用于Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO水质多参数反演模型的求解;最后通过数值实验将得到的反演结果与SSA算法、模拟退火算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法四种优化算法进行对比,并探讨了参数初值选取和观测噪声水平对反演结果的影响。结果表明:MISSA算法的计算性能明显优于对照组中的4种算法,且能显著降低初值选取对BOD-DO水质模型参数反演结果的影响,当观测数据的噪声水平不超过5%时,MISSA算法可有效提高反演结果的稳定性。该结果验证了MISSA算法在反演Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO水质模型参数的有效性,为水质模型参数求解提供有益参考。

滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果研究——以南昌市象湖湿地公园为例

为研究滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果,本文以南昌市象湖湿地公园生态驳岸为例,通过重新构建生态驳岸植物群落等工程改造,监测和评价生态驳岸工程改造前后示范段的近岸水体净化效果。结果表明,改造前,区域内各水体的污染程度均较严重,原硬质驳岸、自然缓坡和木桩驳岸的近岸水质均为地表水Ⅴ类或Ⅴ类以下,以总氮为主要污染物,而总磷的污染程度较小。改造完成后,区域内的主要水体水质上升为地表水Ⅲ类,透明度明显增大;仅有局部的微小区域水质仍为Ⅴ类,但其污染指数已有明显降低。因此,生态驳岸的营建和滨水地带植物群落的合理布局,结合污染控制,能够较好地保护和重建水陆边缘地带的自然生态过程及岸栖生物栖息环境,有效地发挥其生态系统边缘效应,形成自然优美、生态功能持续稳定的湖泊湿地景观。

农村河道生态治理模式水质改善效果模拟

随着河长制的全面推行和乡村振兴战略实施,农村河道生态治理行动在全国各地相继展开,农村水环境问题备受关注。立足于农村河道构建水动力-水质耦合模型,通过模拟3种生态治理模式(生态浮床、生态护岸和生态湿地)下农村河道污染物浓度变化情况,分析3种治理模式对河道的水质改善效果。结果显示,生态湿地改善水质效果最佳;3种生态治理模式下,污染物降解量均与污染物本底浓度高度正相关,降解率与污染物本底浓度相关性一般;补水流量越大,污染物降解效果越突出,单位补水流量对降解污染物的贡献度越低,当补水流量约占本底流量的10%时,改善水质效果最佳。研究成果可为农村河道生态治理提供参考。

面向高质量发展的缺水地区水资源优化配置模型及应用

科学合理的水资源配置方案是实现北方缺水地区高质量发展的重要基础。在系统梳理相关研究成果的基础上,分析北方缺水地区水资源特点和未来配置需求,提出面向高质量发展的北方缺水地区水资源优化配置模型框架。从目标函数、约束条件、参数设置、算法设计等方面开展系统建模,并从惯性权重与学习因子两个角度对传统粒子群算法进行改进和有效性检验。最后,将模型和算法应用于北方典型缺水城市阳泉市的水资源配置方案研究。结果表明:阳泉市工业和生活用水具有较大节水潜力,平定县是最大用水户;规划水平年节水情景显著提升了缺水地区的需水满足程度和水生态环境承载能力;构建的高质量发展目标和北方缺水地区关键约束的水资源优化配置模型具有可行性。

碱性过硫酸钾-紫外分光光度法测定水质总氮方法的改进

水质总氮是指示水体富营养化的重要标志物,因此,开发测定水体中总氮的准确方法,对研究水体中的污染物来源、污染程度及总氮的地球化学循环过程具有重要意义。测定水质样品中的总氮,通常采用碱性过硫酸钾-紫外分光光度法,但该法对空白吸光度有严苛的要求,空白吸光度一旦超过0.030,就有可能导致测定结果严重偏低,其中,过硫酸钾的纯度和存放时间可能对测定结果影响最大;同时,采用比色管捆绑方式高温高压消解水质样品,导热较慢,消解时间偏长,捆绑时一旦比色管上的标签或记号脱落,容易导致样品混乱;样品保存条件不当也很容易造成测定结果偏低。为提高水质样品中总氮测定结果的准确性和效率,本文通过对国内外不同厂家生产的过硫酸钾进行总氮空白吸光度和存放时间对比实验,然后对两种消解方法进行消解时间对比实验,最后,对比了两种不同水质样品保存方法对测定结果的影响。对比实验结果表明:国产优级纯碱性过硫酸钾存放时间在30天内,其水质总氮空白吸光度均小于0.030;在124℃条件下,使用插置法消解样品,只用20min就能使样品消解完全;对酸化后的水质样品,其保质期从1天延长至7天。研究认为,选用国产优级纯过硫酸钾和改良过的插置法消解水质样品,与捆绑法相比,其水质总氮检出限更低,消解效率更高,且不容易出现互相污染和样品错位等情况,提高了水质总氮测定的准确度。