Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem Monitoring Program

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/23.Using yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies studied.However,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining colonies.Moreover,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study period.However,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under investigation.Although the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza colonies.However,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

Investigation on long-term progressive deformation of engineering slope based on comprehensive monitoring

A landslide always results from a progressive process of slope deformation. In recent years, an increasing number of slope instabilities have occurred with regard to human engineering activities such as hydropower or traffic construction in mountainous area, which cause even greater casualties and economic loss compared with the natural hazards. The development of such earth surface process may hold long period with mechanisms still not fully understood. Using monitoring technology is an effective and intuitive approach to assist analyzing the slope deformation process and their driving factors. This study presents an engineering slope excavated during the construction of Changheba Hydropower Station, which is located in the upper reaches of Dadu River, Sichuan Province, southwest China. The engineering slope experienced and featured a five-year continuous deformation which caused continuous high risks to the engineering activities. We conducted in-depth analysis for such a long-term deformation process based on ground and subsurface monitoring data, collected successive data with a series of monitoring equipment such as automated total station, borehole inclinometers and other auxiliary apparatus, and identified the deformation process based on the comprehensive analysis of monitoring data as well as field investigation. After analyzing the effects of engineering activities and natural factors on the continuous deformation, we found that the overburden strata provided deformable mass while the excavation-produced steep terrain initiated the slope deformation in limit equilibrium state over a long period of time;afterwards, the intense rainwater accelerated slope deformation in the rainy season.

Adaptive Signal Enhancement Unit for EEG Analysis in Remote Patient Care Monitoring Systems

In this paper we propose an efcient process of physiological artifact elimination methodology from brain waves(BW),which are also commonly known as electroencephalogram(EEG)signal.In a clinical environment during the acquisition of BW several artifacts contaminates the actual BW component.This leads to inaccurate and ambiguous diagnosis.As the statistical nature of the EEG signal is more non-stationery,adaptive ltering is the more promising method for the process of artifact elimination.In clinical conditions,the conventional adaptive techniques require many numbers of computational operations and leads to data samples overlapping and instability of the algorithm used.This causes delay in diagnosis and decision making.To overcome this problem in our work we propose to set a threshold value to diminish the problem of round off error.The resultant adaptive algorithm based on this strategy is Non-linear Least mean square(NL2MS)algorithm.Again,to improve this algorithm in terms of ltering capability we perform data normalization,using this algorithm several hybrid versions are developed to improve ltering and reduce computational operations.Using the method,a new signal enhancement unit(SEU)is realized and performance of various hybrid versions of algorithms examined using real EEG signals recorded from the subject.The ability of the proposed schemes is measured in terms of convergence,enhancement and multiplications required.Among various SEUs,the MCN2L 2MS algorithm achieves 14.6734,12.8732,10.9257,15.7790 dB during the artifact removal of RA,EMG,CSA and EBA components with only two multiplications.Hence,this algorithm seems to be better candidate for artifact elimination.

Adaptive Change Detection for Long-Term Machinery Monitoring Using Incremental Sliding-Window

Detection of structural changes from an opera- tional process is a major goal in machine condition moni- toring. Existing methods for this purpose are mainly based on retrospective analysis, resulting in a large detection delay that limits their usages in real applications. This paper presents a new adaptive real-time change detection algorithm, an extension of the recent research by combin- ing with an incremental sliding-window strategy, to handle the multi-change detection in long-term monitoring of machine operations. In particular, in the framework, Hil- bert space embedding of distribution is used to map the original data into the Re-producing Kernel Hilbert Space （RK_HS） for change detection; then, a new adaptive threshold strategy can be developed when making change decision, in which a global factor （used to control the coarse-to-fine level of detection） is introduced to replace the fixed value of threshold. Through experiments on a range of real testing data which was collected from an experimental rotating machinery system, the excellent detection performances of the algorithm for engineering applications were demonstrated. Compared with state-of- the-art methods, the proposed algorithm can be more suitable for long-term machinery condition monitoring without any manual re-calibration, thus is promising in modern industries.

GPS monitoring and analysis of ground movement and deformation induced by transition from open-pit to underground mining

To trace the potential hazards of open-pit slope in Longshou mine,global positioning system（GPS） is applied to monitoring ground movement and deformation induced by transition from open-pit to underground mining.Through long-term monitoring from 2003 to 2008,huge amounts of data were acquired.Monitoring results show that large-scale ground movement and deformation have occurred in mining area,and the movement area is ellipse-shaped.The displacement boundary of settlement trough is 2.0 km long along the exploratory line,and 1.5 km long along the strike of ore body.GPS monitoring results basically agree with the practical deformation state of open-pit slope.It is indicated that the long-term GPS monitoring is an effective way to understand the mechanism of ground movement and deformation in mine area. 更多

Design and Implementation of Long-Term Single-Lead ECG Monitor

Some heart diseases need long-term monitoring to diagnose. In this paper, we present a wearable single lead ECG monitoring device with low power consumption based on MSP430 and single-lead ECG front-end AD8232, which could acquire and store patient’s ECG data for 7 days continuously. This device is available for long-term wearing with a small volume. Also, it could detect user’s motion status with an acceleration sensor and supports Bluetooth 4.0 protocol. So it could be expanded to be a dynamic heart rate monitor and/or sleep quality monitor combined with smart phone. The device has huge potential of application for health care of human daily life.

A Study of Temperature and Aging Effects on Eigenfrequencies of Concrete Bridges for Health Monitoring

This paper discusses the influence of environmental factors and of normal material aging on the eigenfrequencies of concrete bridges based on monitoring data registered during 4 years of a specific bridge. It is a new composite steel-concrete bridge built in 2006 in Luxembourg. The measurements are analyzed and compared to literature data. The final objective is the use of real monitored eigenfrequencies for structural health monitoring and damage detection based on identification of stiffness losses in practical applications. Therefore, it is very important to identify and compensate for outdoor influences namely temperature, excitation force level and normal aging effects, like creep and shrinkage of concrete and their impact on material properties. The present paper aims at describing these effects in order to separate them from damage effects. It is shown that temperature change rates and temperature gradients within the bridge have an influence on the eigenfrequencies. Hence the key idea for assessment from the full database is to select only measurements with small temperature differences and slow temperature change rates.

Evaluation and Forecasting of Elapsed Fatigue Life of Ship Structures by Analyzing Data from Full Scale Ship Structural Monitoring

This paper describes the activities carried out by CETENA in collaboration with the Italian Navy to assess the behavior of new FREMM frigates by means of an automatic hull monitoring system and to predict the expected fatigue life of ship structure by analyzing recorded data through a specifically developed post-processing tool.

婴幼儿头皮医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤防护方案的构建与应用

目的降低视频脑电图监测婴幼儿头皮医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤。方法采用历史对照设计,将2018年1月至2019年12月入住癫痫监测单元行头皮视频脑电图监测的患儿856例纳入对照组,实施常规皮肤护理;将2021年1月至2022年12月入住癫痫监测单元行头皮视频脑电图监测的患儿851例纳入观察组,构建和实施医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤防护方案。比较两组头皮医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤发生率。结果观察组头皮医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿头皮医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤防护方案的应用,可有效降低婴幼儿头皮医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤发生率。

疲劳对操纵员监视行为影响机制的脑电试验

为优化操纵员疲劳风险管理,降低疲劳对操纵员作业绩效的影响,完成疲劳诱发前后的监视任务,首先,以某压水堆核电厂数字化主控室为背景,设计2-back范式的疲劳诱发任务和oddball范式的监视任务,并以低、中、高3种复杂度的控制界面为素材;然后,采集23名被试的主观疲劳评分、行为数据和脑电(EEG)信号,用相关疲劳指标验证疲劳诱发的有效性;最后,对比分析疲劳诱发前后3种不同复杂度界面下被试的行为数据、事件相关电位P3成分的差异性。结果表明:最短30 min、最长60 min的2-back任务能够诱发疲劳;疲劳或界面复杂度增加都会导致监视行为的绩效水平下降,疲劳状态下高复杂度界面与中复杂度界面之间的绩效水平差异最大;其中,正确率下降4.9%,反应时增加10.4%;P3潜伏期的变化趋势与反应时一致,P3波幅仅在高复杂度界面下显著增大。结合绩效数据和事件相关电位数据变化特征分析表明:界面复杂度的提高会加深疲劳对操纵员脑力负荷的负面影响。

国内外麻醉深度脑电监测设备的现状与发展展望

介绍了国内外麻醉深度脑电监测设备的分类、原理及发展现状,分析了麻醉深度脑电监测设备的应用情况及其优缺点,指出了利用多模态监测技术和人工智能技术、提高患者舒适性和安全性、实现数据共享和跨学科合作等是麻醉深度脑电监测设备未来的发展趋势。

VEEG在误诊为癫痫的发作性疾病中的应用价值

目的：分析视频脑电监测（VEEG）对误诊为癫痫发作性疾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经VEEG检查对曾被误诊为癫痫而最终明确诊断为非癫痫性发作的病例共18例。入选标准：VEEG检查捕捉到发作，并结合病史分析、发作期床旁评价、通过多学科讨论，排除是癫痫发作的患者。结果 VEEG共记录到200余次的发作；3例有明显的诱因；1例伴小便失禁。18例患者VEEG发作间期、发作期均未见明显痫样放电。分析该18例患者的发作特点、脑电图表现，最终明确发作形式为非癫痫性心因性发作（NEPS）9例、头晕2例、低血糖发作2例，抽动障碍1例、肌张力增高1例、肌阵挛1例、睡眠障碍1例、运动诱发运动障碍1例。结论不少非癫痫性发作与癫痫在临床表现、发作形式方面非常相似。对于病程较长、抗癫痫药长期控制不佳的癫痫患者，应该重新评价非癫痫性发作的可能，及早行长程VEEG监测有利于明确诊断。

脑电图监测在缺血性脑卒中预后评估中的应用

卒中是导致人类残疾和死亡的重要疾病,目前临床上主要依靠临床评估量表、计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)进行诊断及预后评估,这些方法实施起来会受到诸多客观条件的限制,有其局限性,而脑电图监测(EEG)具备可床旁实施、实时、无创等诸多优势,可动态监测脑功能的变化,故有助于临床医生及时、有效地了解患者病情,评估预后。本文即对脑电图在缺血性脑卒中预后评估中的应用进行综述。

V-EEG与SPECT显像的相关性：新诊断的全身强直阵挛发作106例报告

目的：探讨新诊断的全身强直阵挛发作患者的长程EEG监测与SPECT显像的相关性。方法：106例这种病例经SPECT显像、长程EEG监测。结果：长程EEG监测：正常12例（11．3％），异常94例（88．7％）。EEG异常者中，痫样波发放81例（86．1％）。SPECT显像：正常26例（24．5％），异常80例（75．5％）。SPECT显像的四种模式：正常型26例、低灌注型38例（47．5％，38／80）、高灌注型38例（47．5％），高-低灌注混合型4例（5％）。EEG与SPECT两者的相关性：相符型（10．3％）和相近型、扩散型共48．1％（三型，P〈0．05），不确定型和无关型共51．8％（两型，P〈0．05）。结论：新诊断的全身强直阵挛发作的长程EEG监测癫痫灶与SPECT异常灌注灶的相关性明显低于文献报道的部分性癫痫。

Evaluation of excavation damaged zones(EDZs)in Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory(URL)

Excavation of underground caverns,such as mountain tunnels and energy-storage caverns,may cause the damages to the surrounding rock as a result of the stress redistribution.In this influenced zone,new cracks and discontinuities are created or propagate in the rock mass.Therefore,it is effective to measure and evaluate the acoustic emission(AE)events generated by the rocks,which is a small elastic vibration,and permeability change.The authors have developed a long-term measurement device that incorporates an optical AE(O-AE)sensor,an optical pore pressure sensor,and an optical temperature sensor in a single multi-optical measurement probe(MOP).Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been conducting R&D activities to enhance the reliability of high-level radioactive waste(HLW)deep geological disposal technology.In a high-level radioactive disposal project,one of the challenges is the development of methods for long-term monitoring of rock mass behavior.Therefore,in January 2014,the long-term measurements of the hydro-mechanical behavior of the rock mass were launched using the developed MOP in the vicinity of 350 m below the surface at the Horonobe Underground Research Center.The measurement results show that AEs occur frequently up to 1.5 m from the wall during excavation.In addition,hydraulic conductivity increased by 2e4 orders of magnitude.Elastoplastic analysis revealed that the hydraulic behavior of the rock mass affected the pore pressure fluctuations and caused micro-fractures.Based on this,a conceptual model is developed to represent the excavation damaged zone(EDZ),which contributes to the safe geological disposal of radioactive waste.

青少年肌阵挛癫痫的临床、EEG与SPECT的研究

目的：探索青少年肌阵挛癫痫（JME）的临床、脑电图（EEG）和发作间期单光子发射断层扫描（SPECT）的特点.方法：总结40例JME病例的临床、EEG和 SPECT显像等资料.结果：年龄6～32岁.病程2周至19年,平均（4.12±3.95）年.病因：家族史7例.临床表现：有肌阵挛发作性抽动40例（100%）,兼有全面性强直阵挛发作36例（90%）,兼有失神发作12例（30%）.常规EEG检查13例,正常5例,异常8例 长程EEG监测27例（V-EEG 21例,AEEG 6例）均异常,总体异常35例（87%）.异常者中,广泛性31例（89%）,局灶性异常4例（11%） 多棘慢波31例（89%）,高波幅慢波2例（6%）.发作间期SPECT正常11例（28%）,异常29例（72%）.低灌注12例（41%）,高灌注17例（59%）.异常灌注部位41个,额叶占40%.影像学异常5%.结论： 有关JME的诊断,在把握好临床表现的基础上,长程EEG监测显得很重要,SPECT显像的额叶异常灌注灶的证据也具有重要意义.

Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge

The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively.

基于脑电信号的无线可穿戴睡眠监测系统的研制

该研究研制了一款基于脑电信号的无线可穿戴睡眠监测系统,所采集的脑电信号无线发送至PC端或手机蓝牙APP上实时显示。系统体积小、功耗低、重量轻,可佩戴在患者前额,具有良好的舒适性,可推广应用于家庭睡眠监测的场景,具有很好的应用价值。该系统的关键性能指标与行业相关医疗器械专用标准进行对照,测量结果均优于该专用标准。

早期全身强直阵挛发作进展为颞叶癫癎的相关信息预测一EEG、SPECT与神经影像学的临床研究

目的：探讨早期全面性强直阵挛发作（GTCS）与EEG、单光子发射断层扫描（SPECT）和神经影像学表现方面进展为颞叶癫癎（TLE）的相关信息。方法：总结100例GTCS临床、长程EEG、发作间期SPECT与神经影像学异常的检查资料。结果：男性62例，女性38例。平均年龄（19．0±13．2）岁，平均病程（1．3±1．4）年，有明确病因者占61％。长程EEG异常者占85％，表现有痫样放电者占76％，颞叶癎样放电型27例、颞叶扩散癎样放电型19例；SPECT异常90例，其中低灌注灶者占83％，高灌注灶者占2．2％，高一低灌注灶者占5．6％。异常灌注灶颞叶型占49％。异常灌注灶共153个，其中颞叶96个占62．7％；影像学异常44％，其中颞叶异常占40％。综合分析颞叶癎样放电46例，颞叶异常灌注灶62例和颞叶影像学病变40例。结论：早期GTCS患者的长程EEG、发作间期SPECT和影像学的颞叶异常，三者分析预测有46％～49％的病例如治疗难以控制的GTCS，可有发展为颞叶癫癎的倾向性。早期完全控制继发性GTCS具有相对防治颞叶癫癎的重要意义。

国内医务人员对于脑电监测用于全身麻醉/镇静患者的认知现状调查

目的调查我国1500余家医院部分医务人员对脑电监测用于全身麻醉/镇静患者的认知情况,为进一步使用脑电监测提供决策依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷于2023年11月对我国29个省份1500余家医院医务人员就脑电监测用于全身麻醉/镇静患者的认知和应用情况进行问卷调查,包括5个部分32个条目。结果本次调查共收集到调查问卷3315份,高达97.98%的人员了解脑电监测设备,其中清楚了解者占68.45%。47.17%的医务人员既了解脑电监测设备又知晓其作用原理;90.38%的医务人员认为脑电监测可降低术中知晓的发生率;认为衰弱和脆弱脑功能的患者需进行脑电监测的医务人员占比分别为90.29%和86.61%。不同麻醉药物被认为是首位影响脑电监测的因素,93.48%的医务人员认为其对脑电监测有影响;95.93%的医务人员认为老年患者更应该进行常规脑电监测;95.14%的人员赞成脑电监测复合其他监测可提供更精准的麻醉。结论我国各大医院以麻醉医生为主的医务人员对脑电设备较为了解,并且对脑电设备的作用态度较为积极,但对其作用原理的了解程度还有待提升。大部分麻醉医务人员认同脑电监测对老年患者、合并衰弱和脆弱脑功能的患者有益,但其容易受到麻醉药物等因素的影响。