Tailoring Iron-Ion Release of Cellulose-Based Aerogel-Coated Iron Foam for Long-Term High-Power Microbial Fuel Cells

The presence of iron(Fe) has been found to favor power generation in microbial fuel cells(MFCs). To achieve long-term power production in MFCs, it is crucial to effectively tailor the release of Fe ions over extended operating periods. In this study, we developed a composite anode(A/IF) by coating iron foam with cellulose-based aerogel. The concentration of Fe ions in the anode solution of A/IF anode reaches 0.280 μg/mL(Fe^(2+) vs. Fe^(3+) = 61%:39%) after 720 h of aseptic primary cell operation. This value was significantly higher than that(0.198 μg/mL, Fe^(2+) vs. Fe^(3+) = 92%:8%) on uncoated iron foam(IF), indicating a continuous release of Fe ions over long-term operation. Notably, the resulting MFCs hybrid cell exhibited a 23% reduction in Fe ion concentration(compared to a 47% reduction for the IF anode) during the sixth testing cycle(600-720 h). It achieved a high-power density of 301 ± 55 mW/m^(2) at 720 h, which was 2.62 times higher than that of the IF anode during the same period. Furthermore, a sedimentary microbial fuel cell(SMFCs) was constructed in a marine environment, and the A/IF anode demonstrated a power density of 103 ± 3 mW/m^(2) at 3240 h, representing a 75% improvement over the IF anode. These findings elucidate the significant enhancement in long-term power production performance of MFCs achieved through effective tailoring of Fe ions release during operation.

Long-release-interval-first real-time scheduling algorithm and its schedulability test

To fulfill the requirements for hybrid real-time system scheduling, a long-release-interval-first （LRIF） real-time scheduling algorithm is proposed. The algorithm adopts both the fixed priority and the dynamic priority to assign priorities for tasks. By assigning higher priorities to the aperiodic soft real-time jobs with longer release intervals, it guarantees the executions for periodic hard real-time tasks and further probabilistically guarantees the executions for aperiodic soft real-time tasks. The schedulability test approach for the LRIF algorithm is presented. The implementation issues of the LRIF algorithm are also discussed. Simulation result shows that LRIF obtains better schedulable performance than the maximum urgency first （MUF） algorithm, the earliest deadline first （EDF） algorithm and EDF for hybrid tasks. LRIF has great capability to schedule both periodic hard real-time and aperiodic soft real-time tasks.

Spatiotemporal phase change materials for thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release

Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent heat spontaneously as the temperature below the phase transition temperature,rendering thermal energy storage and release uncontrollable,thus hindering their practical application in time and space.Herein,we developed erythritol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(ERY/CMC/EDTA-4Na)composite PCMs with novel spatiotemporal thermal energy storage properties,defined as spatiotemporal PCMs(STPCMs),which exhibit the capacity of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release.Our results show that the composite PCMs are unable to lose latent heat due to spontaneous crystallization during cooling,but can controllably release thermal energy through cold crystallization during reheating.The cold-crystallization temperature and enthalpy of composite PCMs can be adjusted by proportional addition of EDTA-4Na to the composite.When the mass fractions of CMC and EDTA-4Na are both 10%,the composite PCMs can exhibit the optical coldcrystallization temperature of 51.7℃ and enthalpy of 178.1 J/g.The supercooled composite PCMs without latent heat release can be maintained at room temperature(10-25℃)for up to more than two months,and subsequently the stored latent heat can be controllably released by means of thermal triggering or heterogeneous nucleation.Our findings provide novel insights into the design and construction of new PCMs with spatiotemporal performance of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release,and consequently open a new door for the development of advanced solar thermal utilization techniques on the basis of STPCMs.

Effects of a New Long-term Controlled-release Fertilizer on Growth and Development and Yield of Summer Maize

[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.

Long-term Traffic Volume Prediction Based on K-means Gaussian Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets

This paper uses Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy se theory on historical traffic volume data processing to obtain a 24-hour prediction of traffic volume with high precision. A K-means clustering method is used in this paper to get 5 minutes traffic volume variation as input data for the Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy sets which can reflect the distribution of historical traffic volume in one statistical period. Moreover, the cluster with the largest collection of data obtained by K-means clustering method is calculated to get the key parameters of type-2 fuzzy sets, mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian membership function.Using the range of data as the input of Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy sets leads to the range of traffic volume forecasting output with the ability of describing the possible range of the traffic volume as well as the traffic volume prediction data with high accuracy. The simulation results show that the average relative error is reduced to 8% based on the combined K-means Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy sets forecasting method. The fluctuation range in terms of an upper and a lower forecasting traffic volume completely envelopes the actual traffic volume and reproduces the fluctuation range of traffic flow.

Effects of long-term sustained naltrexone release on the optic center in opioid-dependent patients Case-control study in four provinces of China

Very little is known about visual functional recovery following long-term naltrexone administration in opioid-dependent patients. In the present study, a portable event-related potential （ERP） working system was utilized to collect and record ERP in opioid-dependent patients and normal controls in visual half-field testing. In addition, the influence of long-term sustained naltrexone release on the visual nervous system was observed in opioid-dependent patients. Results revealed a significant main group effect in reaction time to visual signal stimulations. The reaction time of normal controls was shortest, but longest in opioid-dependent patients. The reaction time of long-term sustained naltrexone release group and compulsory detoxification group was similar to normal controls. A significant main group effect was also observed in P100 latency, and P100 latency in normal controls and the compulsory detoxification group was significantly decreased compared with the opioid-dependent patients. P100 amplitude at the Oz-electrode resulted in a significant main group effect. In particular, normal controls exhibited significant differences compared with long-term sustained release naltrexone and compulsory detoxification groups. These findings demonstrated that long-term sustained naltrexone release effectively ameliorated optic center function and improved visual sensitivity and reactions in opioid-dependent patients.

Polymeric microneedle-mediated sustained release systems: Design strategies and promising applications for drug delivery

Parenteral sustained release drug formulations, acting as preferable platforms for longterm exposure therapy, have been wildly used in clinical practice. However, most of these delivery systems must be given by hypodermic injection. Therefore, issues including needle-phobic, needle-stick injuries and inappropriate reuse of needles would hamper the further applications of these delivery platforms. Microneedles (MNs) as a potential alternative system for hypodermic needles can benefit from minimally invasive and self-administration. Recently, polymeric microneedle-mediated sustained release systems (MN@SRS) have opened up a new way for treatment of many diseases. Here, we reviewed the recent researches in MN@SRS for transdermal delivery, and summed up its typical design strategies and applications in various diseases therapy, particularly focusing on the applications in contraception, infection, cancer, diabetes, and subcutaneous disease. An overview of the present clinical translation difficulties and future outlook of MN@SRS was also provided.

The Study on Immunological Response of Long－term Release System hCG Microsphere in C_(57） Black Mouse

This paper describes the study of the immunological response of C57 Black mouse to hCG by multiple inoculations with hCG and single injection with a long-term release system of hCG/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microsphere(hCG/PGLA).Three parameters including1)the dynamic variation of hCG antibody titres,2)the capacity of biological neutralization by hCG antibodies in vitro and in vivo,and3)assay of the binding affinity constants of hCG antibodies,are compared.The results showed that the single injection with hCG/PGLA was capable of producing high titres of anti-hCG antibodies.The analyses of three parameters of antisera from C57 Black mouse showed that the properties of the antisera elicited using a single injection with hCG/PGLA were generally similar to those of the antisera raised by the multiple inoculations with hCG,and concentration of the antibodies was directly proportional to hCG bioneutralization capacity. Meanwhile,all of these results suggest us that a further long-term release system of β-hCG/PGLA as a vaccine may substitute for conventional vaccine and it also provides a new convenient inoculative method for widespread clinical application and research of hCG vaccine and other vaccines.

煤层智能化开采技术的应用研究

针对综放开采智能化因在理论、技术与实践结合不紧密而造成的智能化开采技术应用较少等问题,采用数值模拟方法对某煤矿智能化放煤技术进行优化分析。通过对某煤矿厚煤层综放开采采动应力场演化、综放开采顶煤破碎机理以及综放开采顶煤运移放出规律的研究,得出智能化放煤整体控制结构;通过对单轮顺序、分段顺序以及单轮间隔进行数值模拟,得出单轮间隔放煤方式的放出量与回采率最高,最适合该煤矿。按上述优化方法进行工程实践分析,煤矿井下用工人数明显减少,开采工效显著提高,提升了煤矿企业的经济效益,对煤层智能化开采技术研究意义深远。

浮动滚子推杆盘形凸轮机构第Ⅱ类尺寸综合问题的深度研究

选取高速印刷机送纸机构的演化型为研究对象,对释放凸轮轴心的浮动滚子推杆盘形凸轮机构第Ⅱ类尺寸综合问题进行深度研究。通过释放凸轮轴心O1于机架平面∑_(0)不同位置,探究由此导致的瞬时区间套[v_(C1),v_(C2)]性态多样性。进一步研究求解∑_(0)上凸轮轴心解域Π[α](x,y)及其形态特征。通过构建空间曲面S_(r0 min),揭示谷脊线J和谷底点P^(*)等的存在性和重要意义,给出最紧凑机构尺寸解的求解步骤,并用算例进行了验证,丰富、拓展了浮动滚子推杆盘形凸轮机构第Ⅱ类尺寸综合问题的内涵。

基于区间数理论的铁路突发事件信息发布指标权重计算

在铁路突发事件信息发布指标权重计算过程中,采用区间数表示指标成对比较关系和指标权重,能有效地解决决策者认识上的模糊性和不确定性。首先对铁路突发事件信息发布方案评价指标体系进行了介绍,其次根据区间数理论得到了区间数互反判断矩阵满足一致性条件的定理。在此基础上建立了基于区间数的非线性规划模型,用来计算指标的区间数权重。通过定义区间数大小的可能度,进而构造可能度判断矩阵,将区间数权重转化为清晰数排序权重,以确定指标的优先级。最后通过一个算例证明了方法的有效性和合理性。

矿山盘区放顶煤采煤工艺的分析与应用

由于某矿山盘区原采用走向短壁后退式采煤方法,不易回收顶煤。结合该矿的实际情况,优化采用单一倾斜长壁后退式综合机械化低位放顶煤开采方法,重点分析端头斜切进刀、割煤装煤、移架等生产工艺,并采用“一刀一放”放顶煤正规循环作业,单轮分组间隔放煤。经应用后,顶煤回收率达92.9%,且产量提升,生产成本降低,优化效果显著。

间歇降雨条件下黄土坡面土壤溶质的迁移特征

【目的】研究间歇降雨条件下黄土坡地水分溶质迁移特征,为减少汛期坡耕地肥料流失率和水土流失量提供理论依据。【方法】以黄土坡地为研究对象,采取表层喷施和拌施两种施肥方式,通过两场间隔24h的室内模拟降雨试验,从降雨-径流-土壤相互作用角度,研究间歇降雨条件下坡面水土流失和土壤溶质(NO3-、Br-和PO43)的迁移特征。【结果】第二次降雨的稳定产流强度、径流量和侵蚀泥沙量均大于第一次降雨,初始产流时间和产流强度达到稳定的时间也比第一次降雨提前。与第一次降雨平稳阶段NO3-和Br-的浓度相比,第二次降雨开始产流时浓度明显偏大,但其平稳阶段浓度又均小于前者,而吸附性PO43-的第二次降雨浓度高于第一次降雨稳定期浓度。非吸附性NO3-和Br-易随入渗水迁移,导致表层土壤溶质含量显著减少,第二次降雨地表总流失量小于第一次降雨,而PO43-受土壤侵蚀因素影响很大,喷施和拌施条件下PO43-第二次降雨的总流失量分别为第一次降雨的2.93和1.77倍。【结论】对于土体疏松易侵蚀的黄土地区,受降雨间歇期表层土壤溶质含量和土壤抗蚀性变化的影响,第二次降雨的径流溶质浓度过程线不能视作第一次降雨的简单延续,多次降雨会加剧吸附性土壤溶质的地表流失风险。在雨季里,首次降雨应时该采取必备的截流措施,减少非吸附性土壤养分的大量流失;对后期降雨的关注重点则是涵养水土,防范吸附性土壤养分的流失风险。

扰动情形下瓶颈利用对作业车间调度的影响

针对瓶颈100%利用后无法应对扰动而造成调度方案无法执行的问题,提出了瓶颈能力释放率和瓶颈能力释放区的概念,研究了瓶颈利用对作业车间调度的影响。在识别瓶颈的基础上,设置瓶颈能力释放率等级;进行瓶颈能力的按级利用,通过遗传算法优化投料次序,输入Plant-Simulation进行模拟仿真,得到各级瓶颈能力释放率的初始调度优化方案;设置机器故障、缓冲、工艺路线更改、交货期变动等随机扰动,对各级初始调度优化方案进行再次模拟仿真,得到随机扰动下各级瓶颈能力释放率的最优调度方案;分析了随机扰动下不同等级的瓶颈能力释放率对作业调度方案的影响。算例结果证实了瓶颈扰动情形下瓶颈100%充分利用并非科学,生成的调度方案鲁棒性差且调度执行结果并非最优的结论。另外,瓶颈非100%有限利用存在最优的瓶颈能力释放率和瓶颈能力释放区,在此释放区之外,过多或过少的瓶颈保护能力对调度方案都有较大的负面影响。

基于到发线运用方案的列车到达追踪间隔时间压缩方法及仿真研究

利用高速铁路车站列车到达进路冲突关系和进路分段解锁原理,研究基于到发线运用优化方案的列车到达追踪间隔时间压缩方法。首先分析分段解锁条件下列车到达追踪间隔时间的计算方法,随后建立无损精度的铁路路网拓扑模型和多智能体列车连续追踪运行仿真模型;在此基础上设计基于信号补偿时间的列车最小到达追踪间隔时间求解算法,求解不同到发线运用方案的列车到达追踪间隔时间。以上海虹桥站高速场为例,对所有到发线组合方案进行仿真实验。结果表明:股道组合方案对应的关联道岔越少,列车到达追踪间隔时间越短;当关联道岔相同时,后车接车进路越短,前车接车进路越长,到达追踪间隔时间越短;当前车股道确定时,最优的后车股道方案比最劣方案可压缩列车到达追踪间隔时间30s以上。

东营凹陷沙三段泥岩盖层超压演化及其对油气成藏的影响

泥岩盖层封闭性随超压演化呈阶段性变化,在超压释放期封闭性降至最低点,随着泥岩的愈合,超压逐渐增大,封闭性也逐渐增强,直至超压再一次释放。经计算,东营凹陷沙三段泥岩超压在埋深904～1713m开始形成,在埋深2200～2800m开始第1次释放。据此评价了沙三段泥岩盖层的封闭能力及其对油气成藏的影响。研究结果表明:①东营凹陷沙三段泥岩超压形成于沙一段—东营组沉积早期,而深部烃源岩的大量排烃期为馆陶期,超压形成期比排烃期早,因此超压泥岩能够有效地封闭烃源岩生成大量的油气;②沙三段泥岩超压在馆陶组沉积末期发生第1次释放,而后泥岩愈合,超压再次增加,目前正处于第2次超压演化过程中;③现今沙三段泥岩超压值约为8MPa,具有较强的超压封闭能力,是深层油气成藏的重要条件之一。

利用声波时差研究异常孔隙流体压力释放次数及深度的方法

异常孔隙流体压力对油气的生成、运移、聚集和储存具有控制作用,因此研究异常孔隙流体压力的释放次数和深度有助于提高油气藏的预测精度。为此,利用声波时差对泥岩异常孔隙流体压力的释放次数和深度进行了研究。首先对泥岩异常孔隙流体压力形成的机制和条件进行了分析,探讨了泥岩异常孔隙流体压力的形成和演化规律；然后利用声波时差资料,根据泥岩破裂与异常孔隙流体压力释放之间的关系,建立了研究泥岩异常孔隙流体压力释放次数和深度的方法；最后,利用该方法研究了松辽盆地古龙凹陷古11井青山口组和嫩一段、嫩二段泥岩异常孔隙流体压力的释放次数和深度。研究结果表明,古11井青山口组和嫩一段、嫩二段泥岩均经历了3个异常孔隙流体压力释放过程,形成了扶余、杨大城子和萨尔图、葡萄花、高台子等油层；目前正处于第4次演化阶段,具有较高的异常孔隙流体压力,有利于油气在扶余、杨大城子和萨尔图、葡萄花、高台子的聚集与保存。研究结果与古龙凹陷中部含油气组合的油气成藏条件相符合,表明利用声波时差来研究泥岩异常孔隙流体压力释放次数和深度的方法是可行的。

地铁区间隧道热环境与土体蓄放热特性的监测研究

通过对上海某地铁区间热环境空气温度、壁面温度、热流密度等参数约14个月的监测数据分析,得到了地铁区间空气温度随时间和位置的变化特性及区间土体蓄放热特性。区间隧道空气温度与室外空气温度的最大温差冬季为13℃,夏季为4℃;区间隧道土体冬季以放热为主,典型日热流密度范围为-2~23 W/m~2;不同季节区间土体蓄放热是区间空气温度维持相对稳定的关键。

四种磷化氢熏蒸技术的生产性试验

在现有的储粮条件下，采用磷化氢缓释熏蒸、间歇熏蒸、低氧熏蒸、与CO_2混合熏蒸四种熏蒸技术进行生产性试验。结果表明：在用药量相同的条件下,与常规熏蒸相比，缓释熏蒸的防治效果最好，间歇熏蒸的效果次之，低氧熏蒸和CO_2混合熏蒸效果不明显。

古岩溶演化过程及对油气储集空间的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系为例

岩溶作用是水对可溶性岩石的化学溶蚀和机械侵蚀与物质的迁移和再沉积的综合地质作用以及由此所产生的地质现象的统称。鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩自沉积作用开始以后,经历了沉积成岩→溶蚀破坏→溶蚀充填→溶蚀改造等漫长的多期岩溶地质作用,古岩溶形态多种多样、大小多变、组构复杂。按照古岩溶形成的条件及控制因素可以将其划分为表生期岩溶和埋藏期岩溶2大类;表生期岩溶分为同生期层间岩溶和裸露期风化壳岩溶,埋藏期岩溶分为压释水岩溶和热水岩溶。认为古岩溶的演化过程控制着孔、洞体系的发育,对油气的储集空间的形成既有建设性又有破坏性的影响。