Estimation and Long-term Trend Analysis of Surface Solar Radiation in Antarctica: A Case Study of Zhongshan Station

Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R^2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m^(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m^(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere.

Long-term trend analysis of wave characteristics in the Bohai Sea based on interpolated ERA5 wave reanalysis from 1950 to 2020

Reasonably understanding of the long-term wave characteristics is very crucial for the ocean engineering.A feedforward neural network is operated for interpolating ERA5 wave reanalysis in this study,which embodies a detailed record from 1950 onwards.The spatiotemporal variability of wave parameters in the Bohai Sea,especially the significant wave height(SWH),is presented in terms of combined wave,wind wave and swell by employing the 71 years(1950–2020)of interpolated ERA5 reanalysis.Annual mean SWH decreases at−0.12 cm/a estimated by Theil-Sen estimator and 95th percentile SWH reflecting serve sea states decreases at−0.20 cm/a.Inter-seasonal analysis shows SWH of wind wave has steeper decreasing trend with higher slopes than that of swell,especially in summer and winter,showing the major decrease may attribute to the weakening of monsoon.The inner Bohai Sea reveals a general decreasing trend while the intersection connecting with the Yellow Sea has the lower significance derived by Mann-Kendall test.Meanwhile,95th percentile SWH decreases at a higher rate while with a lower significance in comparison with the mean state.The frequencies of mean wave directions in sub-sector are statistically calculated to find the seasonal prevailing directions.Generally,the dominant directions in summer and winter are south and north.A similar variation concerning to SWH,the trend of the mean wave period is provided,which also shows a decrease for decades.

Bibliometric analysis of hotspots and trends of global myopia research

AIM:To gain insights into the global research hotspots and trends of myopia.METHODS:Articles were downloaded from January 1,2013 to December 31,2022 from the Science Core Database website and were mainly statistically analyzed by bibliometrics software.RESULTS:A total of 444 institutions in 87 countries published 4124 articles.Between 2013 and 2022,China had the highest number of publications(n=1865)and the highest H-index(61).Sun Yat-sen University had the highest number of publications(n=229)and the highest H-index(33).Ophthalmology is the main category in related journals.Citations from 2020 to 2022 highlight keywords of options and reference,child health(pediatrics),myopic traction mechanism,public health,and machine learning,which represent research frontiers.CONCLUSION:Myopia has become a hot research field.China and Chinese institutions have the strongest academic influence in the field from 2013 to 2022.The main driver of myopic research is still medical or ophthalmologists.This study highlights the importance of public health in addressing the global rise in myopia,especially its impact on children’s health.At present,a unified theoretical system is still needed.Accurate surgical and therapeutic solutions must be proposed for people with different characteristics to manage and intervene refractive errors.In addition,the benefits of artificial intelligence(AI)models are also reflected in disease monitoring and prediction.

Trends and hotspots in gastrointestinal neoplasms risk assessment: A bibliometric analysis from 1984 to 2022

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal neoplasm(GN)significantly impact the global cancer burden and mortality,necessitating early detection and treatment.Understanding the evolution and current state of research in this field is vital.AIM To conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications from 1984 to 2022 to elucidate the trends and hotspots in the GN risk assessment research,focusing on key contributors,institutions,and thematic evolution.METHODS This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of data from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the"bibliometrix"R package,VOSviewer,and CiteSpace.The analysis focused on the distribution of publications,contributions by institutions and countries,and trends in keywords.The methods included data synthesis,network analysis,and visualization of international collaboration networks.RESULTS This analysis of 1371 articles on GN risk assessment revealed a notable evolution in terms of research focus and collaboration.It highlights the United States'critical role in advancing this field,with significant contributions from institutions such as Brigham and Women's Hospital and the National Cancer Institute.The last five years,substantial advancements have been made,representing nearly 45%of the examined literature.Publication rates have dramatically increased,from 20 articles in 2002 to 112 in 2022,reflecting intensified research efforts.This study underscores a growing trend toward interdisciplinary and international collaboration,with the Journal of Clinical Oncology standing out as a key publication outlet.This shift toward more comprehensive and collaborative research methods marks a significant step in addressing GN risks.CONCLUSION This study underscores advancements in GN risk assessment through genetic analyses and machine learning and reveals significant geographical disparities in research emphasis.This calls for enhanced global collaboration and integration of artificial intelligence to improve cancer prevention and treatment accuracy,ultimately enhancing worldwide patient care.

Global research trends and hotspots in overweight/obese comorbid with depression among children and adolescents: A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity combined with depression among children and adolescents(ODCA)is a global concern.The bidirectional relationship between depression and overweight/obesity often leads to their comorbidity.Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for physical and psychological development,during which the comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depression may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.AIM To evaluate the relationship between ODCA,we conduct a bibliometric analysis to aid in formulating prevention and treatment strategies.METHODS From 2004 to 2023,articles related to ODCA were selected using the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analysis of relevant publications,including countries/regions,institutions,authors,journals,references,and keywords,was conducted using the online bibliometric analysis platforms,CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and bibliometrix.RESULTS Between 2004 and 2023,a total of 1573 articles were published on ODCA.The United States has made leading contributions in this field,with Harvard University emerging as the leading contributor in terms of research output,and Tanofsky being the most prolific author.The J Adolescent Health has shown significant activity in this domain.Based on the results of the keyword and reference analyses,inequality,adverse childhood experiences,and comorbidities have become hot topics in ODCA.Moreover,the impact of balancedrelated behavior and exploration of the biological mechanisms,including the potential role of key adipocytokines and lipokines,as well as inflammation in ODCA,have emerged as frontier topics.CONCLUSION The trend of a significant increase in ODCA publications is expected to continue.The research findings will contribute to elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of ODCA and its prevention and treatment.

Research hotspots and trends in transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive impairment:A bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2023

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment,which manifests as a limited deterioration of specific functions associated with a particular disease,can lead to a general deterioration of the patient’s standard of living.Transcranial magnetic stimulation,a noninvasive neuromodulation technique,is frequently employed to treat cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.AIM To analyzed the state of international research on neuromodulation methods for treating cognitive impairment between 2014 and 2023,with the aim of exploring the state of research worldwide and the most recent developments in this particular area.METHODS Articles and reviews pertaining to neuromodulation methods for cognitive impairment were examined using the web of science database between January 2014 and December 2023.Publications,nations,organizations,writers,journals,citations,and keywords data from the identified studies were systematically analyzed using the CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software.RESULTS A total of 2371 documents with 11750 authors and 9461 institutions,with some cooccurrences,were retrieved.The quantity of yearly publications is showing an increasing trend.The United States and China have emerged as important contributors.Among the institutes,Harvard University had the highest number of publications,while Rossi S an author who is frequently cited.Initially,the primary keywords included human motor cortex,placebo-controlled trials,and serotonin reuptake inhibitors.However,the emphasis gradually moved to substance use disorders,supplementary motor areas,neural mechanisms,and exercise.CONCLUSION The use of neuromodulation techniques to treat cognitive impairment has drawn interest from academics all around the world.This study revealed hotspots and new trends in the research of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a cognitive impairment rehabilitation treatment.These findings are hold significant potential to guide further research and thus promote transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment method for cognitive impairment.

Analysis of Changing Trend of Summer Precipitation in North China

Based on the reanalysis data of the National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)and the precipitation dataset of the U.S.Climate Prediction Center(CPC),the changing trend of summer precipitation in North China(35°-40°N,110°-125°E)during 1979-2020 was studied.By calculating the monthly climatic precipitation in North China,it is found that precipitation was mainly distributed from June to August,so the trend of precipitation in North China from June to August was mainly analyzed.Firstly,the five-point moving average of regional mean precipitation in North China from June to August during 1979-2020 was conducted.It is found that the fitting curve of the five-point sliding average was basically consistent with the changing trend of regional precipitation,and it showed a certain upward trend.Secondly,the cumulative anomaly of regional average summer precipitation in North China showed a significant upward trend after 2005,which was similar to the moving average result,indicating that the precipitation in the later period increased compared with the earlier period.The changing trend of summer precipitation in North China in the past 42 years was analyzed,and the results show that precipitation showed a significant increasing trend in most areas of North China,so that regional average precipitation also tended to increase significantly.By comparing the precipitation in the past five years(2016-2020)and the last 36 years(1979-2015),it is found that the increase of summer precipitation in North China was more obvious,so the reasons for the increase in precipitation were further analyzed.Since the occurrence of precipitation requires favorable thermal dynamic conditions,the one-dimensional linear regression of water vapor content at 850 hPa and meridional wind speed was conduced,and it is found that the two variables tended to increase obviously,which was consistent with the increasing trend of precipitation.Seen from both the results of regional average and the spatial distribution of trends,the lower atmospheric water vapor content and wind speed showed a significant positive trend,which led to the increase of summer precipitation.Therefore,it can be concluded that there was a certain changing trend of summer precipitation in North China in the past 42 years,which can provide certain reference for the future forecast of summer precipitation in North China.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends in Northern Sudan during (1990-2019)

The study addresses an urgent and globally significant issue of climate change by focusing on the detailed spatial and temporal analysis of temperature trends in Northern Sudan. It fills a critical research gap by providing localized data over a substantial period (1990-2019), which could help in understanding the nuanced impacts of climate change in Sahel regions like Northern Sudan. In addition, the comprehensive coverage of both spatial and temporal dimensions, supported by a substantial dataset from five meteorological stations, provides a thorough understanding of the subject area. The utilization of robust statistical methods (Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope analysis) for analyzing temperature trends adds scientific rigor and credibility to the findings. Our results reveal a consistently increasing trend in maximum temperatures across most stations, particularly during the hot season (AMJ). However, the wet season (JAS) shows high maximum temperatures but no significant trend. Moreover, significant increasing trends in minimum temperatures were observed in all stations except Abu Hamed, where the trend, although increasing, did not reach statistical significance during the hot and cold seasons, and the coldest temperatures were observed during the cold season. These findings underscore the complex temperature dynamics in Northern Sudan and highlight the need for continued monitoring and adaptive measures in response to ongoing climate changes in the region.

Analysis of Temperature Trends and Variations in the Arabian Peninsula’s Upper Atmosphere

In this study, the trends of upper-air temperatures are analysed by utilising radiosonde observations for the barometric levels at 700, 500, 300, 200, 150, 100 and 50 hPa from five meteorological stations within the Arabian Peninsula from January 1986 to August 2015. The mean monthly variations of the temperatures at these levels are characterised and established. The magnitudes of the annual trends of the mean temperatures for each site for the selected barometric levels are studied and statistically tested using Mann-Kendall rank statistics at different significance levels. The temperature trends at different pressure levels show that the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are warming, while the middle troposphere is cooling which is consistent with the findings of other studies. The variations in upper air temperature observed in this study can be attributed to a range of factors, including increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, variations in solar activity, aerosols and volcanic eruptions, and land use and land cover change.

Unveiling Global Human Trafficking Trends: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.

Hotspots and research trends of Piwi-interacting RNAs from 2006 to 2023 based on bibliometric analysis

Background:Piwi-interacting RNAs(piRNAs)are a type of non-coding RNAs,initially identified in germ cells in 2006,known to bind to the Piwi family proteins.Accumulating studies indicate their importance in genome stability,epigenetics regulation,germ cell differentiation,and tumor development.Despite growing interest in piRNA research,there is a lack of comprehensive bibliometric studies on the subject.This study aims to analyze piRNA research trends from 2006 to 2023.Methods:The literature regarding piRNA was sourced from the Web of Science on April 25,2023.VOSviewer,CiteSpace and a bibliometric online website(https://bibliometric.com/app)were employed to perform bibliometric analysis.Network maps were constructed to evaluate the collaborations among countries,institutions,authors,journals,references,keywords,and research hot pots.Results:In this study,2549 literature were published across 464 countries and 6921 institutions,comprising 2010 articles and 539 reviews.The United States led in publication output(n=1011,39.66%),followed by China(635,24.91%).The University of Tokyo had the most publications among all institutions(n=100,3.92%),followed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(n=86,3.37%).Among 631 published journals,Nucleic Acids Research was the most published journal(n=83,3.26%).Siomi Mikiko C published the most articles(n=58),with Aravin Alexei A as the most co-cited author.Analysis of term co-occurrence unveiled three highly interconnected clusters,including“piRNA biogenesis and function”,“cancer and regulation”,as well as“protein and species”.The research focus has transferred from male reproductive development to tumor progression.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis offered a thorough overview of the current state of piRNA research,deepening understanding of the progress in this field over the last 17 years and providing a valuable reference for scholars engaged in piRNA studies.

Comparative Analysis of Climatic Change Trend and Change-Point Analysis for Long-Term Daily Rainfall Annual Maximum Time Series Data in Four Gauging Stations in Niger Delta

The aim of this study is to establish the prevailing conditions of changing climatic trends and change point dates in four selected meteorological stations of Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Using daily or 24-hourly annual maximum series (AMS) data with the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and the modified Chowdury Indian Meteorological Department (MCIMD) models were adopted to downscale the time series data. Mann-Kendall (MK) trend and Sen’s Slope Estimator (SSE) test showed a statistically significant trend for Uyo and Benin, while Port Harcourt and Warri showed mild trends. The Sen’s Slope magnitude and variation rate were 21.6, 10.8, 6.00 and 4.4 mm/decade, respectively. The trend change-point analysis showed the initial rainfall change-point dates as 2002, 2005, 1988, and 2000 for Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri, respectively. These prove positive changing climatic conditions for rainfall in the study area. Erosion and flood control facilities analysis and design in the Niger Delta will require the application of Non-stationary IDF modelling.

Long-term Trend Analysis of Seasonal Precipitation for Beijing, China

A comprehensive precipitation trend and periodic analysis at the seasonal scale on a 286year data series （1724-2009） for Beijing are presented using linear regression, 11-year moving averages, Mann-Kendall test and continuous Morlet wavelet analysis. We found that in the past 300 years precipitation has increased except during winter. There were strong increasing trends after the 1780s in both summer and annual precipitation data series and the trend was significant for a longterm period. The abrupt points of summer and annual data series of precipitation are 1764 and 1768 respectively, after that, the trend changed from decreasing to increasing. It shows different periodic traits in four seasons respectively： 30–170 years, 80–95 years, 75–95 years and 55–65 years are considered to be the strongest period in spring, summer, autumn and winter. One hundred and fiftythree years, 85 years, 83 years and 59 years are the first order main periods in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The trend and period of annual precipitation are mainly impacted by rainfall in summe. According to the first main period of 85 years in both summer and annual precipitation data series, Beijing will experience a time period of less precipitation in 2009–2030.

Long-term ocean temperature trend and marine heatwaves

Marine heatwaves(MHWs)can cause irreversible damage to marine ecosystems and livelihoods.Appropriate MHW characterization remains difficult,because the choice of a sea surface temperature(SST)temporal baseline strongly influences MHW identification.Following a recent work suggesting that there should be a communicating baseline for long-term ocean temperature trends(LTT)and MHWs,we provided an effective and quantitative solution to calculate LTT and MHWs simultaneously by using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD)method.The long-term nonlinear trend of SST obtained by EEMD shows superiority over the traditional linear trend in that the data extension does not alter prior results.The MHWs identified from the detrended SST data exhibited low sensitivity to the baseline choice,demonstrating the robustness of our method.We also derived the total heat exposure(THE)by combining LTT and MHWs.The THE was sensitive to the fixed-period baseline choice,with a response to increasing SST that depended on the onset time of a perpetual MHW state(identified MHW days equal to the year length).Subtropical areas,the Indian Ocean,and part of the Southern Ocean were most sensitive to the long-term global warming trend.

Research status and hotspots of tight junctions and colorectal cancer:A bibliometric and visualization analysis

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death.Over the past two decades,numerous researchers have provided important evidence regarding the role of tight junction(TJ)proteins in the occurrence and progression of CRC.The causal relationship between the presence of specific TJ proteins and the development of CRC has also been confirmed.Despite the large number of publications in this field,a bibliometric study to review the current state of research and highlight the research trends and hotspots in this field has not yet been performed.AIM To analyze research on TJs and CRC,summarize the field’s history and current status,and predict future research directions.METHODS We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded database for all literature on CRC and TJs from 2001-2023.We used bibliometrics to analyze the data of these papers,such as the authors,countries,institutions,and references.Co-authorship,co-citation,and co-occurrence analyses were the main methods of analysis.CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize the results.RESULTS A total of 205 studies were ultimately identified.The number of publications on this topic has steadily increased since 2007.China and the United States have made the largest contributions to this field.Anticancer Research was the most prolific journal,publishing 8 articles,while the journal Oncogene had the highest average citation rate(68.33).Professor Dhawan P was the most prolific and cited author in this field.Co-occurrence analysis of keywords revealed that“tight junction protein expression”,“colorectal cancer”,“intestinal microbiota”,and“inflammatory bowel disease”had the highest frequency of occurrence,revealing the research hotspots and trends in this field.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis evaluated the scope and trends of TJ proteins in CRC,providing valuable research perspectives and future directions for studying the connection between the two.It is recommended to focus on emerging research hotspots,such as the correlations among intestinal microbiota,inflammatory bowel disease,TJ protein expression,and CRC.

Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem Monitoring Program

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/23.Using yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies studied.However,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining colonies.Moreover,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study period.However,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under investigation.Although the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza colonies.However,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

Research trends on artificial intelligence and endoscopy in digestive diseases: A bibliometric analysis from 1990 to 2022

BACKGROUND Recently,artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely used in gastrointestinal endoscopy examinations.AIM To comprehensively evaluate the application of AI-assisted endoscopy in detecting different digestive diseases using bibliometric analysis.METHODS Relevant publications from the Web of Science published from 1990 to 2022 were extracted using a combination of the search terms“AI”and“endoscopy”.The following information was recorded from the included publications:Title,author,institution,country,endoscopy type,disease type,performance of AI,publication,citation,journal and H-index.RESULTS A total of 446 studies were included.The number of articles reached its peak in 2021,and the annual citation numbers increased after 2006.China,the United States and Japan were dominant countries in this field,accounting for 28.7%,16.8%,and 15.7%of publications,respectively.The Tada Tomohiro Institute of Gastroenterology and Proctology was the most influential institution.“Cancer”and“polyps”were the hotspots in this field.Colorectal polyps were the most concerning and researched disease,followed by gastric cancer and gastrointestinal bleeding.Conventional endoscopy was the most common type of examination.The accuracy of AI in detecting Barrett’s esophagus,colorectal polyps and gastric cancer from 2018 to 2022 is 87.6%,93.7%and 88.3%,respectively.The detection rates of adenoma and gastrointestinal bleeding from 2018 to 2022 are 31.3%and 96.2%,respectively.CONCLUSION AI could improve the detection rate of digestive tract diseases and a convolutional neural network-based diagnosis program for endoscopic images shows promising results.

Visual Analysis of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Soil Salinization

Soil salinization seriously restricts the development of agricultural production,the sustainable use of land resources,and the stability of the ecological environment.In order to objectively reveal the research status of soil salinization,CiteSpace software was used to conduct data mining and quantitative analysis on research papers on soil salinization from 2008 to 2023 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of science databases.The data sources were transformed into visual graphs by reproducing clustering statistics from aspects such as publication volume,authors,keywords,and publishing institutions.In addition,this paper also combined the actual needs and cutting-edge hotspots in relevant research in China,and proposed and analyzed the limitations and future development trends of soil salinity monitoring research in China.This has important practical significance for comprehensively grasping the current research status of salinization,further clarifying and sorting out the research ideas of salinization monitoring,enriching the remote sensing monitoring methods of saline soil,and solving the actual problems of soil salinization in China.

An analysis of agarwood trade patterns,historical perspectives,and species identification challenges:repercussions for importing nations

Background:Agarwood,primarily derived from the Aquilaria and Gyrinops genera,holds significant economic importance.However,there is a lack of comprehensive investigations providing guidance to importing nations regarding cultivation quantities and expected yields of Agarwood from distinct species.This study aims to address this gap by exploring the historical context and trade evolution of Agarwood,highlighting its global importance,and the challenges associated with securing accurate species information.Method:On-site visits to Agarwood cultivation sites were conducted to gain a nuanced understanding of Aquilaria species and their cultivation requirements.Additionally,a thorough analysis of global export and import data for Agarwood products over the last decade was undertaken.Results:China Mainland emerged as the leading exporter of Agarwood,averaging an annual export value of USD 1 million.India’s substantial exports challenge the prevailing notion of limited Agarwood production within its borders.Hong Kong and Singapore are pivotal distribution hubs,while Hong Kong and Taipei feature prominently as import destinations.Our analysis uncovers anomalies in the representation of Agarwood producers from 2001 to 2008,suggesting potential misclassification of Aquilaria Agarwood as Gyrinops in global export information.These findings underscore the urgency of investigating classification and reporting practices in the Agarwood trade.Furthermore,A.filaria emerges as a notable source,while A.malaccensis is decline in prominence.Conclusion:This study provides crucial insights for policymakers,stakeholders,and industry players seeking to make informed decisions in the Agarwood trade landscape.The results highlight the need for accurate species identification,classification,and reporting practices to ensure sustainable cultivation and trade of Agarwood.

A bibliometric analysis and visualization of osteochondral lesions of talus (2004-2021)

Background:Osteochondral lesions of the talus(OLTs)are a significant challenge for foot and ankle specialists,which could cause pain and decrease patient function.Researchers can use the findings of this study to shape future directions for research by exploring global trends and hotspots in OLT.Methods:Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve literature related to OLT between 2004 and 2021.This report covers the current state of OLTs,such as publications,journals,trends,hotspots,and the performances of relevant countries,institutions and authors.The co-citation analysis,the coauthorship analysis,the cooccurrence analysis,and the bibliographic coupling analysis were conducted with the Bibliometrix R package,VOSviewer v1.6.10.0,and CiteSpace 5.8.R3.Results:During an 18-year review,717 articles and 76 review articles on OLT published from 2004 to 2021 were reviewed.The USA has made the largest contribution to the OLT-related literature,and a significant contribution has been made by Kennedy JG(48/6.05%)and van Dijk CN(30/3.78%).In terms of total link strength,Foot&Ankle International was the leading journal.Analysis showed that the global research hotspots of OLTs focused on the pathogenesis,diagnosis,clinical research,and surgical treatment of OLT.It would be significant to pay close attention to future research on osteochondral autograft transplantation and management,surgery,multidisciplinary integration and mechanisms of OLT,and its related diseases.Conclusions:The study provides information about the current status and hotspots of research in the domain of OLT over the past 18 years that will assist researchers in identifying potential perspectives on hot topics and research frontiers.