To guarantee water quality of waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay of Kunshan City, maintain the water quality above the grade-IV specified in National Standards of Surface Water Environmental Quality (GB3838-2002), an...To guarantee water quality of waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay of Kunshan City, maintain the water quality above the grade-IV specified in National Standards of Surface Water Environmental Quality (GB3838-2002), and achieve the low-cost, long-term and sustainable water maintenance, basic principles of ecological engineering and aquatic ecosystem balance theory were taken as the guidance of water treatment, and several water treatment techniques were applied, for example, configuration of water plants, raising aquatic animals, and putting in microorganisms. In addition, primary water supply, water replenishing and flood drainage were considered in the construction of landscape rivers to ensure landscape effects of the lake. Through the long-term water quality guarantee of principal waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay, rewarding attempts were made in guaranteeing water quality of waterscapes, and favorable effects were achieved.展开更多
铜在实际水环境中的毒性效应受多种环境理化要素影响,识别典型环境因子进而建立生物有效性模型是获得“原位”水质基准的基础.国际上广泛应用的生物配位体模型(biotic ligand model,BLM)在实际使用过程中有局限性.本研究旨在BLM模型的...铜在实际水环境中的毒性效应受多种环境理化要素影响,识别典型环境因子进而建立生物有效性模型是获得“原位”水质基准的基础.国际上广泛应用的生物配位体模型(biotic ligand model,BLM)在实际使用过程中有局限性.本研究旨在BLM模型的基础上,探究更适用于铜的“原位”毒性校正方法,以更少的环境因子降低环境监管过程的经济和技术成本,为“因地制宜”确定金属水质基准提供理论依据和技术支撑.同时基于4门22种水生生物的慢性毒性数据,以影响铜生物有效性的关键水化学参数为自变量,即硬度(hardness,H)、pH和溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC),采用带有交互项的3种逐步多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR)方法建模,从9个模型中筛选出最佳预测模型〔R^(2)=0.5531,F=61.23,P<0.0001,AIC(赤池信息准则,Akaike information criterion)=0.9457,BIC(贝叶斯信息准则,Bayesian information criterion)=23.43〕.并参考我国典型流域水环境特征,正交设计216组水环境条件,对所有物种的慢性毒性值(chronic toxicity value,CTV)进行模型校正.结果表明:①以预测准确率(RFx,2.0)为评价指标,MLR模型较BLM模型提升了20%,MLR模型残差分析的等级评分也优于BLM模型.②确定最佳模型为Sigmoidal-Weibull函数(R^(2)=0.9861,F=1609,P<0.001),构建的三环境因子耦合的基准预测模型准确度高(R^(2)=0.9902,RMSE=0.04106,F=7238,P<0.001).③主要环境因子(H、pH和DOC)只使得SSD曲线水平移动〔与中心(Xc)有关〕,曲线形状无影响〔振幅(A)、指数(d)和协同系数(k)恒定〕.④在模型的适用范围内,我国流域水体中铜的长期水质基准为4.619~53.75μg/L.研究显示,基于BLM模型框架的新MLR模型,具有高稳健性和准确性,有助于体现流域水生态管理的区域性差异.展开更多
In this study, toxicological data for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed into specie...In this study, toxicological data for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed into species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves. Then water quality criteria (WQC) were derived for protection of the freshwater aquatic life in China against five representative pollutants. The values derived in this study were compared with those issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese national environmental standard for surface water to identify factors underlying the differences. The results showed that the SSD curves for the five pollutants differed significantly, with the examined aquatic species being generally more sensitive to Zn, Cd, and Cr (VI) than benzene and nitrobenzene. The acute WQC were: 48.43 μg L 1 for Zn, 0.4218 μg L 1 for Cd, 45.79 μg L 1 for Cr (VI), 2651 μg L 1 for benzene, and 1426 μg L 1 for nitrobenzene. The chronic WQC were: 20.01 μg L 1 for Zn, 0.2428 μg L 1 for Cd, 14.22 μg L 1 for Cr (VI), 530.2 μg L 1 for benzene, and 286.2 μg L 1 for nitrobenzene. The results of this comparative study of representative pollutants may offer guideline values for future WQC studies for China.展开更多
文摘To guarantee water quality of waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay of Kunshan City, maintain the water quality above the grade-IV specified in National Standards of Surface Water Environmental Quality (GB3838-2002), and achieve the low-cost, long-term and sustainable water maintenance, basic principles of ecological engineering and aquatic ecosystem balance theory were taken as the guidance of water treatment, and several water treatment techniques were applied, for example, configuration of water plants, raising aquatic animals, and putting in microorganisms. In addition, primary water supply, water replenishing and flood drainage were considered in the construction of landscape rivers to ensure landscape effects of the lake. Through the long-term water quality guarantee of principal waterscapes in Shimao Butterfly Bay, rewarding attempts were made in guaranteeing water quality of waterscapes, and favorable effects were achieved.
文摘铜在实际水环境中的毒性效应受多种环境理化要素影响,识别典型环境因子进而建立生物有效性模型是获得“原位”水质基准的基础.国际上广泛应用的生物配位体模型(biotic ligand model,BLM)在实际使用过程中有局限性.本研究旨在BLM模型的基础上,探究更适用于铜的“原位”毒性校正方法,以更少的环境因子降低环境监管过程的经济和技术成本,为“因地制宜”确定金属水质基准提供理论依据和技术支撑.同时基于4门22种水生生物的慢性毒性数据,以影响铜生物有效性的关键水化学参数为自变量,即硬度(hardness,H)、pH和溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC),采用带有交互项的3种逐步多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR)方法建模,从9个模型中筛选出最佳预测模型〔R^(2)=0.5531,F=61.23,P<0.0001,AIC(赤池信息准则,Akaike information criterion)=0.9457,BIC(贝叶斯信息准则,Bayesian information criterion)=23.43〕.并参考我国典型流域水环境特征,正交设计216组水环境条件,对所有物种的慢性毒性值(chronic toxicity value,CTV)进行模型校正.结果表明:①以预测准确率(RFx,2.0)为评价指标,MLR模型较BLM模型提升了20%,MLR模型残差分析的等级评分也优于BLM模型.②确定最佳模型为Sigmoidal-Weibull函数(R^(2)=0.9861,F=1609,P<0.001),构建的三环境因子耦合的基准预测模型准确度高(R^(2)=0.9902,RMSE=0.04106,F=7238,P<0.001).③主要环境因子(H、pH和DOC)只使得SSD曲线水平移动〔与中心(Xc)有关〕,曲线形状无影响〔振幅(A)、指数(d)和协同系数(k)恒定〕.④在模型的适用范围内,我国流域水体中铜的长期水质基准为4.619~53.75μg/L.研究显示,基于BLM模型框架的新MLR模型,具有高稳健性和准确性,有助于体现流域水生态管理的区域性差异.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2008CB418200)Environmental Public Welfare Program(Grant No. 2010009032)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U0833603, 40973090)
文摘In this study, toxicological data for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed into species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves. Then water quality criteria (WQC) were derived for protection of the freshwater aquatic life in China against five representative pollutants. The values derived in this study were compared with those issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese national environmental standard for surface water to identify factors underlying the differences. The results showed that the SSD curves for the five pollutants differed significantly, with the examined aquatic species being generally more sensitive to Zn, Cd, and Cr (VI) than benzene and nitrobenzene. The acute WQC were: 48.43 μg L 1 for Zn, 0.4218 μg L 1 for Cd, 45.79 μg L 1 for Cr (VI), 2651 μg L 1 for benzene, and 1426 μg L 1 for nitrobenzene. The chronic WQC were: 20.01 μg L 1 for Zn, 0.2428 μg L 1 for Cd, 14.22 μg L 1 for Cr (VI), 530.2 μg L 1 for benzene, and 286.2 μg L 1 for nitrobenzene. The results of this comparative study of representative pollutants may offer guideline values for future WQC studies for China.
