Research on Risk Assessment Method of Long-Tube Trailer Road Transportation

Road transport safety has always been paid attention to by the safety production managers of enterprises. In this study, cloud model and analytic hierarchy process were applied to the safety of long-tube trailer transport. The opinions of 30 experts were analyzed, from which 29 key parameters were selected. The study addressed the relevance of the parameters and the possibility of automatic collection and transmission to obtain 12 core risk factors. The macro-safety risk indicator system for long-tube trailers was established based on the identified risk indicators. Finally, a risk assessment model for road transport of long tube trailers consisting of 3 dimensions of likelihood, severity and sensitivity was constructed. This model provides a technical method for strengthening the risk control of road transport of long-tube trailers.

Decompression of the small bowel by endoscopic long-tube placement

AIM:To investigate and compare the decompression effect on small bowel obstruction of a long tube inserted using either endoscopic or fluoroscopic placement.METHODS:Seventy-eight patients with small bowel obstruction requiring decompression were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups.Intubation of a long tube was guided by fluoroscopy in one group and by endoscopy in the other.The duration of the procedure and the success rate for each group were evaluated.RESULTS:A statistically significant difference in the mean duration of the procedure was found between the fluoroscopic group(32.6±14.6 min)and the endoscopic group(16.5±7.8 min)among the cases classified as successful(P<0.05).The success rate was significantly different between the groups:88.6%in the fluoroscopic group and 100%in the endoscopic group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:For patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction,long-tube decompression is recommended and long-tube insertion by endoscopy was superior to fluoroscopic placement.

Scheduling on tractor and trailer transportation considering the influence of disrupted events based on the contract net and simulated annealing algorithm

To provide a much more resilient transport scheme for tractor and trailer transportation systems,this paper explores the generation method of tractor and trailer transport schemes considering the influence of disrupted events.Three states of tractors including towing loaded trailers,towing empty trailers,and idle driving are taken into account.Based on the disruption management theory,a scheduling model is constructed to minimize the total deviation cost including transportation time,transportation path,and number of used vehicles under the three states of tractors.A heuristics based on the contract net and simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model.Through comparative analysis of examples with different numbers of newly added transportation tasks and different types of road networks,the performance of the contract net algorithm in terms of deviations in idle driving paths,empty trailer paths,loaded trailer paths,time,number of used vehicles,and total deviation cost are analyzed.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm,highlighting the superiority of the disruption management model and the contract net annealing algorithm.The study provides a reference for handling unexpected events in the tractor and trailer transportation industry.

CR200J型动车组拖车网络控制系统优化研究

针对CR200J型动车组发展的不同阶段,文章介绍了直车体动车组时拖车网络控制系统的构成、存在的问题与优化目标,从列车级网络、车辆级网络及动拖硬线集控系统等方面详细阐述拖车网络控制系统的优化方案;分析了鼓形车体动车组运用中的制动系统问题,描述了相应的优化方案及优化效果,并提出拖车网络控制系统基于列车一体化原则的后续优化方向。

Attention Drawing of Movie Trailers Revealed by Electroencephography Using Sample Entropy

A movie trailer is a common advertising tool in the entertainment industry. Detection of a viewer’s brain responses to a movie trailer can help film producers to tailor a more appealing trailer of a movie. In this study, we acquired electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from subjects when they watched movie trailers (labeled as Movie session), and compared with their resting state session (labeled as Resting session) or when they watch nature scenes (labeled as Nature session). We used Sample Entropy (SampEn) to analyze the EEG signals between different sessions. Results showed that the complexity ratios at Fp1, Fp2 and Fz channels derived from Movie session were significantly lower than that in Resting state or when subjects watched Nature session (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the brain status can affect the complexity of their EEG. Further, the attraction of attention of a movie trailer can be observed from the change of EEG.

Multi-objective Stability Control Algorithm of Heavy Tractor Semi-trailer Based on Differential Braking

Rollover and jack-knifing of tractor semi-trailer are serious threats for vehicle safety, and accordingly active safety technologies have been widely used to reduce or prevent the occurrence of such accidents. However, currently tractor semi-trailer stability control is generally only a single hazardous condition (rollover or jack-knifing) control, it is difficult to ensure the vehicle comprehensive stability of various dangerous conditions. The main objective of this study is to introduce a multi-objective stability control algorithm which can improve the vehicle stability of a tractor semi-trailer by using differential braking. A vehicle controller is designed to minimize the likelihood of rollover and jack-knifing. First a linear vehicle model of tractor semi-trailer is constructed. Then an optimal yaw control for tractor using differential braking is applied to minimize the yaw rate and lateral acceleration deviation of tractor, as well as the hitch articulation angle of tractor semi-trailer, so as to improve the vehicle stability. Second a braking scheme and variable structure control with sliding mode control are introduced in order to achieve the best braking effect. Last Fishhook maneuver is introduced to the active safety simulation and the active control system effect verification. The simulation results show that multi-objective stability control algorithm of semi-trailer could improve the vehicle stability significantly during the transient maneuvers. The proposed multi-objective stability control algorithm is effective to prevent the vehicle rollover and jackknifing.

Wheel wear comparison between motor car and trailer of intercity train

To analyze wheel wear discrepancy between motor car and trailer of an intercity train,a novel wheel wear rates calculation model was proposed,which was composed of the intercity train dynamics model,wheel-rail three-dimensional rolling contact FEM model and the wear model.The simulated results were contrasted with measured results in field test.The simulated results showed the motor car wheels had larger rotation rate and longitudinal creepage than the trailer wheels.Meanwhile,the motor car wheels encountered larger vertical forces and longitudinal forces from bogie because of the heavier car body and the impact of traction torque.The traction torque acting on motor car wheel could increase the slip rates in the rear part of wheel contact patch and weaken the spinning phenomenon of relative slip.Larger contact pressure and slip rates caused the higher wear rates of motor car wheel than those of trailer wheel.The overall trends of wheel wear depth in simulated and tested results were similar.And they both showed the motor car wheel encountered the more serious wear than the trailer wheel.These models can be used to study the effect of the traction characteristics curves on the wear of wheel.

Prediction Research on Ride Comfort of Special Full Trailer used by Precision Equipment

In order to evaluate a full trailer’s vibration performance,lumped mass model of seven degrees of freedom is set up to predict the ride comfort of whole vehicle.The acceleration history and the transfer function of each measuring point can be got from simulation.The analysis results show that the maximum acceleration RMS value of the vehicle mass center is about 0.3g,which satisfies the requirements of attenuating vibration of precision equipment being transported on particular roads and speeds.So the research provides valuable reference for the optimum selection of the suspension system’s parameters.

Lateral Stability Improvement of Car-Trailer Systems Using Active Trailer Braking Control

An active trailer braking controller to improve the lateral stability of car-trailer systems is presented. The special and complex structures of these types of vehicles exhibit unique unstable motion behavior, such as the trailer swing, jack-knifing and rollover. These unstable motion modes may lead to fatal accidents. The effects of passive mechanical parameters on the stability of car-trailer systems have been thoroughly investigated. Some of the passive parameters, such as the center of gravity of the trailer, may be drastically varied during various operating conditions. Even for an optimal design of a car-trailer system, based on a specific passive parameter set, the lateral stability cannot be guaranteed. In order to improve the lateral stability of car-trailer systems, an active trailer braking controller is designed using the Linear Quadratic Regular （LQR） technique. To derive the controller, a vehicle model with 3 Degrees Of Freedom （DOF） is developed to represent the car-trailer system. A single lane-change maneuver has been simulated to examine the performance of the controller and the numerical results are compared with those of the baseline design. The benchmark investigation indicates that the optimal controller based on the LQR technique can effectively improve the high-speed lateral stability of the car-trailer system.

Modal Correlation Based Analysis on Dynamic Characters of a Commercial Semi-Trailer's Chassis Frames

In order to evaluate two different schemes＇ structural dynamic characters, dynamic response analysis of a commercial truck＇s main chassis frames is carried out. On the basis of correlation study between the tested and calculated modal results, the assembled frames＇ finite element analysis （FEA） models with sufficient precision are built up. Random response analysis in frequency domain is carried out with these FEA models, RMS values of yon Mises and main principle stresses of these two frames are obtained. It shows that the analysis resuits of the distributing tendency and concrete value ranges are coincident very well with test results. And from the results, it could be concluded that frames of scheme A endures relative better loading conditions and should be adopted as the final scheme.

基于模糊快速滑模的农用牵引车辆直线路径跟踪控制

为解决无人驾驶牵引式农机在非结构化环境中作业时直线跟踪精度低、上线速度慢、抗干扰能力差等问题,提出了一种基于模糊快速滑模控制的农用牵引式车辆直线路径跟踪控制方法。首先利用车辆运动学模型与参考路径建立牵引车辆直线路径跟踪误差模型,并提出一种基于模糊参数整定的快速滑模直线路径跟踪方法,解决了滑模控制算法的控制器抖振与机具快速上线问题。通过Lyapunov稳定性分析可知,所设计控制方法可保证牵引机具跟踪参考路径,同时铰接角收敛至零。最后,基于Simulink仿真与实车试验对该控制方法的有效性与优越性进行测试。田间实车试验表明,使用本文控制方法时,拖车和挂车最大路径跟踪横向误差分别为0.11、0.12 m,拖车和挂车跟踪误差方差分别为0.0013、0.0015 m^(2);相较于传统基于等速趋近律设计的滑模控制器,上线时间提升约58%,最大跟踪误差减小约66%。

Analysis of the Effect of Trailer Tire Size on the Articulated Vehicle’s Stability

This research paper aims to identify the effect of tire size on the handling characteristics of a trailer attached to a vehicle. In various stability tests, different models with different tires from the market were tested. A successful outcome of this research would generate an efficient tire selection process and improve the handling of a trailer attached to a vehicle while maximizing fuel efficiency. In this study, different accurate tire models using the magic formula were developed in vehicle dynamics modelling and simulation software. These models were then simulated on on-road conditions to predict vehicle and trailer behaviour under different conditions within the software. Two distinct tests were conducted, the J-Turn test and the Double Lane change test. The results of these tests were used to evaluate the handling characteristics and decide on a better tire size for the trailer attached to the vehicle.

拖曳水池教学实验室拖车设计与研制

按照“设计—研制—标定”的思路,完成了船模拖曳水池拖车系统研制。设计阶段结合教学科研需求完成拖车结构设计、最大航速确定和拖车重量预估,并用数值模拟方法完成强度校核和模态分析;研制阶段先在工厂进行分段制造,后运输至实验室现场组装调试,完成了机械调试和电路调试两部分;标定阶段完成了拖车振动测试、标模阻力测试和敞水测试。将新拖车用于本科教学,提高了教学效率,丰富了教学手段,有助于提升学生对实验现象的观察与知识点的理解。

拖车式自动导引车系统通行顺序优化方法

针对传统自动导引车系统(AGVS)交通管控未优化路口通行顺序易引发交通拥堵与任务延误的弊端,提出一种基于改进多目标鲸鱼优化算法(IMWOA)的路口AGV通行顺序优化方法。首先,根据车辆装配辅料配送流程及拖车式AGV运行特点,建立以最大化最紧迫任务剩余时间和最小化阻塞路径数为综合优化目标的路口AGV通行顺序优化数学模型。其次,针对传统鲸鱼优化算法收敛速度慢、全局寻优能力不强的缺陷,引入邻域搜索策略以加快算法收敛速度,并融合带精英保留策略的非支配排序机制维持种群多样性,增强算法全局寻优能力,设计出适合求解路口AGV通行顺序优化数学模型的IMWOA。最后,开发拖车式AGVS交通管控仿真分析平台,以验证所提出的方法。仿真结果表明:与NSGA-Ⅱ、禁忌搜索、传统鲸鱼优化等算法相比,所提IWOA具有更优的全局寻优能力,能够以较低的任务执行时间获得更高的装配线产能。

特种公路运输半挂车转向液压系统优化设计

针对某特种公路运输半挂车转向液压系统进行了优化,优化后的液压系统降低了车辆受环境温度变化的影响、消除了行车摆尾现象,改善了整车的转向性能。

复杂场景下工程机器人的机械结构分析与设计

依托于RoboMaster机甲大师赛,提出了一种应用于复杂场景下的工程机器人机械结构分析与设计方法,并基于该原则对工程机器人进行了结构设计,使工程机器人可以实现稳定行走、取弹、登岛、救援等功能。工程机器人的行驶系统采用四轮独立悬挂搭配麦克纳姆轮来进行全方向灵活移动,取弹系统采用一组M3508电机进行夹取和补弹,救援系统采用CDJ-10型迷你气缸和曲柄连杆进行拖车救援。

基于点云技术的汽车外廓尺寸测量方法研究

针对《机动车安全技术检验项目和方法》(GB 38900—2020)中对于汽车外廓尺寸测量的新要求,采用整车点云数据技术,对牵引车与各类挂车连接后外形上的共性和外廓分割的关键位置进行了研究。通过改进三维点云分割算法,提出一种一并式测量汽车列车和挂车外廓尺寸的测量新方法。该方法可在不改变硬件的前提下,仅通过软件和算法升级,实现一次测量即可测得汽车列车(牵引车、半挂车组合)外廓尺寸参数。以多种结构挂车为试验案例验证了所提方法的可行性,并通过适应性试验分析了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法完全能够满足GB 38900—2020中的新增要求,具有广泛的适用性与较高的测量精确度。该方法可将传统方法测量耗时从“小时级”提升为“秒级”,显著提高相关机构的工作效率。

基于车桥耦合振动的连续梁桥动力特性研究

为获取连续梁桥在行车荷载作用下的动力特性规律,基于虚功原理,建立了24自由度典型四轴拖挂车动力学模型。采用模态叠加法建立三跨连续梁桥动力特性模型,通过模态综合法建立了车轮-桥面间的力学和位移耦合关系。组建了四轴拖挂车和连续梁桥动力耦合分析模型,通过逐步迭代法建立了车桥耦合时变矩阵方程。以某三跨连续梁桥为工程示例,进行车桥耦合动力特性的敏感性分析,重点分析了车辆行车速度、桥面不平度和车辆载重变化对桥梁关键位置处的动力响应影响。结果表明:随着行车速度的增大,桥梁竖向位移时程响应曲线整体呈增大趋势,其中边跨跨中竖向位移幅值增幅相对较小,为3.40%,中跨跨中竖向位移幅值呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,最大增幅为7.10%;随着桥面状况的恶化,桥梁边跨跨中和中跨跨中截面的竖向位移响应增幅相对较大,分别为38.60%和54.95%,为桥梁动力响应的主要敏感参数;当车辆载重相对较小时(从空载至40%满载),桥梁位移动力响应变化较为敏感,但随着车辆载重增长率的逐步增大,桥梁动力响应结果对车辆载重的敏感性逐步降低。

基于TRIZ理论医药配送机器人的设计

为解决现有医药配送机器人空间容量小、智能化程度低、配送过程药品防护不到位等问题,基于医院实际工况提出合理性解决方案。以TRIZ理论为基础,运用创新工具对配送机器人各部分进行创新设计,完成拖车式医药配送机器人结构设计和控制系统设计,并通过样机验证了方案的可行性。所设计的医药配送机器人在拖车式结构和立式循环车厢配合下极大地提高了容积,采用机械臂实现药品的取放,大大提高了智能化程度,自适应底盘的设计增加了对药品的防护性。该机器人运行过程不需要人为介入即可稳定、可靠地完成整个药品配送过程,有效解决了现有药品的配送难题,具有广阔的推广运用价值。

小型集材挂车满载工况下的有限元建模与分析

小型集材挂车于林间作业存在多种工况,包括满载弯曲、满载扭转、紧急制动和急速转弯。为解决挂车在满载工况下车载系统的可靠性与安全性较差的问题,建立小型集材挂车的三维装配模型,进行静态分析。通过有限元分析,研究挂车在4种典型工况下的结构变形和应力分布。研究表明,满载弯曲工况下,最大位移为4.5177 mm,最大应力为115.19 MPa,安全系数为3.08;满载扭转工况下,最大位移为0.98448 mm,最大应力为71.929 MPa,安全系数为4.935;满载制动工况下,最大位移为4.9946 mm,最大应力为120.05 MPa,安全系数为2.957;紧急转弯工况下,最大位移为4.3658 mm,最大应力为104.64 MPa,安全系数为3.39。结果显示研究设计的小型集材挂车在林间作业时满载工况下稳定性较强,确保木材的可靠采集和运输。基于该结果可进一步优化挂车设计和性能,以适应不断变化的需求和环境要求。