Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil, Leaf Nutrient and Fruit Quality of Citrus grandis var. longanyou

The five-year-old “Longanyou” trees were used as the experimental material to study the effects of different fertilization treatments. The nutrient contents in soil and leaves, fruit yield and quality were determined, and then the correlations were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The soil nutrient contents of 0 - 20 cm depth were more than the 20 - 40 cm, and the trends of nutrient contents of the 0 - 20 cm soil layers were as follows: treatment 2 (T2) > treatment 3 (T3) > treatment 4 (T4) > treatment 1(T1) > control (CK). However, the 20 - 40 cm depth had not significant difference between different treatments, but T2, T4 and T3 were higher than T1 and CK. It indicated that the soil effective nutrient content increased in T2 and T3. 2) Compared with the control, the content of K and B elements was improved obviously in leaves with the increase of organic manure application. The contents of P (1.60 g·kg-1), B (26.00 mg·kg-1) and Mg (1.18 g·kg-1) were the highest, and other nutrients contents were also higher, indicating that T2 could effectively improve the leaves’ nutrient contents. 3) The fruit yield per plant was the highest in T2 (95.40 kg plant-1), and the single fruit weight, total sugar, sugar and acid ratio, vitamin C were also the highest, but titratable acid was lower. It indicated that T2 effectively improved fruit yield and quality. 4) There were positive correlations between multiple factors of soil nutrients and the quality index, such as fruit peel thickness, total sugar, solid acid ratio, sugar and acid ratio, Vc content and single yield etc. There was significant correlation between K, B, Zn, Fe contents and fruit yield and quality index, and the contents of B, Zn and Fe in leaves were significantly correlated with soil nutrient, indicating that the contents of K, B, Zn, Fe in soil and leaf were closely related to fruit yield and quality. In sum, the T2 was the best fertilization scheme for orchard management practice of “Longanyou”.

龙安柚果实矿质元素含量的季节变化

研究了广安市龙安柚(Citrus grandis var longanyou)果实(果肉)矿质元素含量的季节变化,并对各元素与糖含量的关系进行了分析。结果表明:在幼果期,果实对元素有一个吸收高峰,之后,随着果实的膨大,由于稀释作用,元素含量开始下降,铁元素含量在七月以后一直呈上升趋势,钙元素含量先降后升。多元相关分析表明,元素间存在着复杂的互作关系,铁和铜与糖含量成正相关,其它元素与糖含量成负相关。

不同树形龙安柚冠层特性

以开心形、Y字形、双层分层形和自然圆头形的龙安柚为试验材料,比较不同树形的冠层特性、叶片结构和生理特征,以期为龙安柚果园小环境的调控提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)开心形间隙分数阈值最高,是自然圆头形的4.33倍。开心形与Y字形的冠层光合辐射与透射系数均显著高于其他树形,但二者无显著差异,表明开心形和Y字形的冠层通风透光特性较好。(2)开心形与Y字形叶片厚度增加,叶面积和气孔密度较大,栅栏/海绵组织厚度和组织紧密度较高,叶片组织疏密度较低,且二者无显著差异,表明开心形与Y字形利于提高叶片的光合作用,降低蒸腾作用。(3)Y字形和开心形净光合速率、水分利用率、最大表观电子传递速率、初始斜率和半饱和光强较高,而蒸腾速率较低,二者对强光的耐受能力较强;其中开心形蒸腾速率最低为2.43 mmol m^(-2)s^(-1),且其结果枝光抑制参数最小,为0.629。说明开心形为最佳的高光效树形。(4)冠层微环境因子、叶片结构及光合生理指标之间多呈极显著相关关系,但开心形叶片结构和生理的大部分指标与冠层环境因子之间相关性较低,说明开心形树形不同部位的营养枝和结果枝的叶片性状差异较小,其光渗透性好,整个冠层的光截获能力和有效光辐射的分布差异较小,笔者认为开心形是龙安柚栽培中的适宜高光效树形。