The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodolog...The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology(RSM).A Box-Behnken design(BBD)was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables:moisture content(A:54%–74%),microwave power(B:300–500 W)and microwave time(C:20–40 min),on the extraction yield of essential oil.The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME,hydro-distillation and microwaveassisted hydro-distillation(MADE)were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the total lipids of C.longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed.The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil.The optimal extraction condition was A:58%,B:400 W and C:28 min.In the optimal condition,the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 g dw and higher than that by MADE.The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol(63.54%),and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%,mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids.Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition.SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C.longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.展开更多
One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with su...One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .展开更多
When individuals are not good at grasping coincidence events in the gambling mechanism,they take particular note of lay beliefs in luck.Among the lay beliefs in luck,that concerning“strength of luck”is often specifi...When individuals are not good at grasping coincidence events in the gambling mechanism,they take particular note of lay beliefs in luck.Among the lay beliefs in luck,that concerning“strength of luck”is often specific for gambling behavior.We conducted a survey that compared gamblers and non-gamblers,and examined whether this way of thinking is related to gambling addiction.An Internet survey was completed by 550 people.A cluster analysis based on gambling frequency extracted three clusters(non-,moderate-,and heavy-gambler groups).The South Oaks Gambling Screen(SOGS)score was highest in the heavy-gambler group.Differences were seen in three items:a belief in differences in luck among individuals;a belief in the“flow of Tsuki(in luck)”;and conscious behaviors regarding luck.For all three,the scores of the moderate-and heavy-gambler groups tended to be higher than those of the non-gambler group.Regarding“strength of luck”and“strength of luck in gambling”,the heavy-gambler group perceived that they had the strongest luck,followed,in order,by the moderate-and non-gambler groups.These three factors could lead to sustained gambling behavior.Those who felt that their“strength of luck in gambling”was strong tended to be pathological gamblers.This result supports a previous study.展开更多
该研究编制了适用于我国体育彩票市场的数字、乐透型彩票购彩行为评价量表(Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery,以下简称SGB),包括迷信行为、控制失调、追逐行为、中介行为和号码关联5个维度,共15个条目。采用效...该研究编制了适用于我国体育彩票市场的数字、乐透型彩票购彩行为评价量表(Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery,以下简称SGB),包括迷信行为、控制失调、追逐行为、中介行为和号码关联5个维度,共15个条目。采用效标效度、购彩者分类得分评价、对应分析、回归分析等方法对量表在甄别问题购彩者以及与购彩认知的关联度进行系统评价。统计结果显示,5个维度的量表因子结构稳定,各模型适配指标较为理想,模型与数据拟合程度较好,量表整体Cronbach’s α系数为0.862,5个维度Cronbach’s α系数区间为0.727~0.894,所有相关系数都具有统计学意义。分析结果认为,SGB有能力验证购彩者的消费问题,各维度得分升高时,有明显向问题购彩者发展的趋势,且能有效区分不同类型;行为向问题演化时,认知情况逐渐恶化,趋势较为明显;控制失调维度是判断购彩者是否开始出现问题的首要判断依据,受到控制错觉和无力戒赌两个认知维度的显著影响,同时在与迷信和代买两种行为的互动中使购彩者陷入消费的恶性循环;量表具有良好的信效度和稳定的结构,各评价指标符合心理学和统计学标准,各维度在判断购彩者行为变化中表现出良好的适应性和可操作性,可用于对我国体育彩票购彩者购彩行为的测量评价。展开更多
基金supports of the Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project(2019030703011505)Enterprise Technology Innovation and Development Projects(2021BLB151)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology(RSM).A Box-Behnken design(BBD)was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables:moisture content(A:54%–74%),microwave power(B:300–500 W)and microwave time(C:20–40 min),on the extraction yield of essential oil.The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME,hydro-distillation and microwaveassisted hydro-distillation(MADE)were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the total lipids of C.longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed.The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil.The optimal extraction condition was A:58%,B:400 W and C:28 min.In the optimal condition,the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 g dw and higher than that by MADE.The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol(63.54%),and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%,mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids.Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition.SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C.longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.
文摘One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .
文摘When individuals are not good at grasping coincidence events in the gambling mechanism,they take particular note of lay beliefs in luck.Among the lay beliefs in luck,that concerning“strength of luck”is often specific for gambling behavior.We conducted a survey that compared gamblers and non-gamblers,and examined whether this way of thinking is related to gambling addiction.An Internet survey was completed by 550 people.A cluster analysis based on gambling frequency extracted three clusters(non-,moderate-,and heavy-gambler groups).The South Oaks Gambling Screen(SOGS)score was highest in the heavy-gambler group.Differences were seen in three items:a belief in differences in luck among individuals;a belief in the“flow of Tsuki(in luck)”;and conscious behaviors regarding luck.For all three,the scores of the moderate-and heavy-gambler groups tended to be higher than those of the non-gambler group.Regarding“strength of luck”and“strength of luck in gambling”,the heavy-gambler group perceived that they had the strongest luck,followed,in order,by the moderate-and non-gambler groups.These three factors could lead to sustained gambling behavior.Those who felt that their“strength of luck in gambling”was strong tended to be pathological gamblers.This result supports a previous study.
文摘该研究编制了适用于我国体育彩票市场的数字、乐透型彩票购彩行为评价量表(Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery,以下简称SGB),包括迷信行为、控制失调、追逐行为、中介行为和号码关联5个维度,共15个条目。采用效标效度、购彩者分类得分评价、对应分析、回归分析等方法对量表在甄别问题购彩者以及与购彩认知的关联度进行系统评价。统计结果显示,5个维度的量表因子结构稳定,各模型适配指标较为理想,模型与数据拟合程度较好,量表整体Cronbach’s α系数为0.862,5个维度Cronbach’s α系数区间为0.727~0.894,所有相关系数都具有统计学意义。分析结果认为,SGB有能力验证购彩者的消费问题,各维度得分升高时,有明显向问题购彩者发展的趋势,且能有效区分不同类型;行为向问题演化时,认知情况逐渐恶化,趋势较为明显;控制失调维度是判断购彩者是否开始出现问题的首要判断依据,受到控制错觉和无力戒赌两个认知维度的显著影响,同时在与迷信和代买两种行为的互动中使购彩者陷入消费的恶性循环;量表具有良好的信效度和稳定的结构,各评价指标符合心理学和统计学标准,各维度在判断购彩者行为变化中表现出良好的适应性和可操作性,可用于对我国体育彩票购彩者购彩行为的测量评价。
