New amide alkaloids from Piper longum fruits

Three new amide alkaloids piperlongumamides A-C(1-3),together with 12 known ones(4-15),were isolated from the fruits of Piper longum.The structures of the new isolates were determined using spectroscopic data analyses.Cytotoxic activity of these amides against HL-60(human leukemia),A-549(human lung cancer),MCF-7(human breast cancer),SMMC-7721(human liver cancer)and SW480(human rectal cancer)cell lines were evaluated.Piperchabamide B(11)exhibited weak inhibitory activity against HL-60(IC_(50)=21.32μM),A-549(IC_(50)=23.82μM)and MCF-7(IC_(50)=16.58μM)cell lines.

Modulatory effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on defecation in elderly patients receiving enteral feeding

AIM:To investigate the effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on the health management of elderly patients receiving enteral feeding.METHODS:Two double-blind,placebo-controlled trials were performed with long-term inpatients receiving enteral tube feeding at Kitakyushu Hospital Group,Fukuoka,Japan.BB536 was administered as BB536-L and BB536-H powders that contained approximately 2.5 × 10 10 and 5 × 10 10 cfu of BB536,respectively.In the first trial,83 patients(age range:67-101 years) were randomized into 2 groups that received placebo(placebo group) or BB536-H(BB536 group) powders.In the second trial,123 patients(age range:65-102years) were randomized into 3 groups,and each group received placebo(placebo group),BB536-L(BB536-L group),or BB536-H(BB536-H group) powders.Each patient received the study medication for 16 wk after 1 wk of pre-observation.Fecal samples were collected from each patient prior to and after the intervention during Trial 2.Clinical observations included body temperature,occurrence of infection,frequency of defecation,and fecal microbiota.RESULTS:No significant changes were observed in the frequency of defecation for either treatment in Trial 1.However,a significant change was noted in the BB536-L group(P = 0.0439) in Trial 2 but not in the placebo or BB536-H groups.Subgroup analyses based on the frequency of defecation for each patient during the pre-observation period for both trials revealed significant increases in bowel movements in patients with a low frequency of defecation and significant decreases in the bowel movements of patients with a high frequency of defecation during the intervention period in the BB536 groups.The combination of Trials 1 and 2 data revealed a modulatory effect of BB536 ingestion on the changes in bowel movements.Significantly increased bowel movements were observed in patients in the low frequency subgroup with significant intergroup differences(P < 0.01).Significantly decreased bowel movements were observed in patients in the high subgroup,but no significant intergroup differences were observed compared with the placebo group.BB536 ingestion increased the prevalence of normally formed stools.BB536 intake also significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cell numbers of bifidobacteria in fecal microbiota,and significant intergroup differences were observed at week 16.No adverse events were reported in any group.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that BB536 ingestion modulated the intestinal environment and may have improved the health care of elderly patients receiving enteral feeding.

Bioactivity guided isolation of mosquito larvicide from Piper longum

Objective:To isolate the larvicidal component from the fruits of Piper longum（P.longum） against the filariasis vector,Culex quinquefasciatus（C.quinquefasciatus）.Methods:Pulverized fruits of P.longum were subjected to soxhlet extraction using series of organic solvents of increasing polarity.All the solvent extracts were verified for their larvicidal efficacy against 4th instar larvae of C.quinquefasciatus employing standard WHO procedure.Bioassayguided fractionation through column chromatography lead to the isolation of a bioactive amide, pipyahyine from the petroleum ether extract.Results:Petroleum ether extract was found to be the most active fraction among all the extracts tested with LC50 and LC90 being 1.03 and 2.04 ppm respectively.Whereas,pipyahyine,an isolated component of the same fraction was found to be even more effective than the parent extract in terms of LC50 being 0.58 and 1.88 ppm respectively. Conclusions:From the results,it is evident that P.longum can be considered as a powerful arsenal for the control of mosquito population.

Safety assessment of Bifidobacterium longum JDM301 based on complete genome sequences

AIM： To assess the safety of Bifidobacterium/ongum （B. longum） JDM301 based on complete genome sequences. METHODS： The complete genome sequences of JDM301 were determined using the GS 20 system. Putative virulence factors, putative antibiotic resis- tance genes and genes encoding enzymes respon- sible for harmful metabolites were identified by blast with virulence factors database, antibiotic resistance genes database and genes associated with harmful metabolites in previous reports. Minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 common antimicrobial agents was evaluated by E-test RESULTS： JDM301 was shown to contain 36 genes as- sociated with antibiotic resistance, 5 enzymes related to harmful metabolites and 162 nonspecific virulence fac- tors mainly associated with transcriptional regulation, adhesion, sugar and amino acid transport. B. longum JDM301 was intrinsically resistant to ciprofloxacin, ami- kacin, gentamicin and streptomycin and susceptible to vancomycin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, rifampicin, imi- penem and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol. JDM301 was moderately resistant to bacitracin, while an earlier study showed that bifidobacteria were susceptible to this antibiotic. A tetracycline resistance gene with the risk of transfer was found in JDM301, which needs to be experimentally validated. CONCLUSION： The safety assessment of JDM301 using information derived from complete bacterial ge- nome will contribute to a wider and deeper insight into the safety of probiotic bacteria.

Effect of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 on disease severity and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND Bifidobacterium longum 35624 has shown efficacy in improving irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)symptoms compared with placebo in double-blind randomized studies.However,few data are available from real-life clinical practice or from studies that used Rome IV criteria to diagnose IBS.AIM To assess the effect of B.longum 35624 on IBS severity and quality of life in a reallife setting.METHODS From November 2018 to January 2020,278 patients with IBS(according to Rome IV criteria)were enrolled in a prospective,open-label,multicenter observational study by private practice gastroenterologists to received one capsule of B.longum 35624(10^(9) colony-forming units)per day for 30 d.Participation in the study was independently proposed to patients during spontaneous consultations.Disease severity(assessed by the IBS severity scoring system)and patient quality of life(assessed by the IBS quality of life questionnaire)were compared between the inclusion visit(baseline)and the visit at the end of 30 d of treatment.The characteristics of patients were described at baseline.Continuous variables comparisons between inclusion and end-of-treatment visits were performed using the t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Categorical variables comparisons were performed using theχ^(2) test.RESULTSA total of 233 patients,with a mean age of 51.4 years and composed of 71.2%women,were included in the study.Of these patients,48.1%had moderate IBS and 46.4%had severe IBS.After a 30-d treatment period with one B.longum 35624 capsule per day,a significant decrease in IBS severity was observed compared to baseline(mean±SD,IBS severity scoring system scores:208±104 vs 303±81,P<0.001)and 57%of patients moved to lower severity categories or achieved remission.The quality of life of patients was also improved by the treatment(IBS Quality of Life questionnaire score:68.8±20.9 vs 60.2±20.5;P<0.001)and 63.8%of patients were satisfied with the treatment.CONCLUSION Thirty days of treatment with B.longum 35624 reduces disease severity and improves the quality of life of patients with IBS,particularly those with the most severe forms of IBS.

Impact of Bifidobacterium longum NSP001 on DSS-induced colitis in conventional and humanised mice

Most scientific investigations regarding inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)pathogenesis or therapeutic strategies use dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced models performed on mice.However,differences between human and animal microbiota may confound the data reproducibility from rodent experiments to clinical trials.In this study,the intervention effects of Bifidobacterium longum NSP001 on DSS-induced colitis were investigated using mice colonized with either native or humanised microbiota.Disorders in disease activity index(DAI),morphology and histology of colon tissue,intestinal permeability,and secretion of MPO,TNF-αand IL-6 were ameliorated by daily intake of live B.longum NSP001 cells in both conventional and humanised colitis mice.But the abnormal thymus index,and colonic production of ZO-1 and iNOS were improved only in colitis mice treated with B.longum NSP001 and humanised microbiome.The accumulation of acetic acid and propionic acid in colon microbiome,and the optimization of primary bile acid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways in cecum commensals were likely to explain the beneficial effects of B.longum NSP001.These data revealed that intestinal microbiome baseline would possibly affect the manifestation features of interventions by probiotics or dietary components and highlighted the necessity to include humanised microbiome while investigating potential therapeutic strategies based on rodent models.

Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1077 Attenuates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating the Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites:A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

An increasing number of studies have indicated that gut microbiota and its metabolites are crucial in the development of hyperlipidemia.Bifidobacterium longum(B.longum)CCFM1077 has been shown to have lipid-lowering effects in animals.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of B.longum CCFM1077 in lowering the lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia and investigate the effect of this bacterium on serum lipid abnormalities,gut microbiota,and fecal metabolites in these patients.This study was a six-week,randomized,double-blind,and placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial.Subjects with hyperlipidemia(N=62)were randomly assigned to receive placebo(N=31)or B.longum CCFM1077(1×1010colony-forming units(CFUs)per day;N=31).Serum lipid levels including total cholesterol(TC),lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),total triglyceride(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were examined at the baseline and interventio nal endpoints.Changes in the gut microbiota composition and diversity were measured based on 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing of the V3-V4region at the end of the intervention period.Non-targeted metabolomics of the feces was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/mass spectrometer.Oral administration of B.longum CCFM1077 for six weeks significantly decreased the serum levels of TC(p<0.01)and LDL-C(p<0.01)in patients with hyperlipidemia.B.longum CCFM1077 treatment markedly increased gut microbiota diversity and the relative abundance of anti-obesity-related genera,including Lactobacillus,Butyricicoccus,Bifidobacterium,and Blautia,whereas it decreased the relative abundance of obesity-related genera,including Alistipes,Megamonas,and Catenibacterium.Additionally,some key metabolites(bile acids(BAs),biotin,and caffeine)and their corresponding metabolic pathways(primary BA biosynthesis,and taurine and hypotaurine,biotin,purine,and caffeine metabolisms)were enriched by B.longum CCFM1077,and thus it may lower lipid levels.B.longum CCFM1077 is a probiotic strain with the potential to lower serum TC and LDL-C levels patients with hyperlipidemia.The underlying mechanism may be related to the increased abundance of anti-obesity-related genera and fecal metabolites.These findings provide a foundation for future clinical applications of lipid-lowering probiotics in managing individuals with hyperlipidemia.

Safety Evaluations of Long-Term and Excessive Intakes of Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 has been demonstrated to improve the frequency of defecation, straining, and pain during defecation in human placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of both long-term and excessive intakes of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013, when used as a food with functional claims. In both tests, 30 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups: an active group that ingested heat-killed B. longum CLA8013 and a placebo group. In the long-term intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 25 billion cells/day for 12 weeks. In the excessive intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 125 billion cells/day for 4 weeks. Physical, hematological, biochemical, and urine examinations were conducted, and adverse events were evaluated in both studies. The studies revealed no abnormalities in any of the safety tests. In conclusion, no safety-related issues were identified with long-term or excessive intake of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013.

Network pharmacology-based prediction and verification of the molecular targets and pathways for Piper longum Linn,against liver cancer

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor,which is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths worldwide,specially,in China.Piper longum Linn,is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat and prevent diseases in clinical practice,however,the active ingredients and potential targets of its action against liver cancer remain unclear.In this study,network pharmacology approach was used to identify active ingredients and the major targets of Piper longum against liver cancer.In addition,the key pathways were also predicted on the network pharmacology level,which might be beneficial to the chemical basis and pharmacological studies of this plant.

Overview of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Piper longum Linn.

Piper longum Linn. is a native of the Indo-Malaya region, belongs to the family Piperaceae. It is a slender aromatic climber widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. As a traditional ethnic drug, P. longum contains various chemical constituents such as alkaloids, volatile oil and lignans. The extract of P. longum has been reported to show various activities like antitumor, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Hence, this paper is presented as a review centered on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of P. longum, aiming at its further development and potential value.

海水养殖水体中病害纤毛虫一新种──长拟尾丝虫Parauronema longum nov．spec．（纤毛门，盾纤目）

报道了１９９３—１９９４年采自养殖水体中的一种海洋盾纤类纤毛虫，经鉴定系拟尾丝虫属一新种。文中对其形态学做了综合描述。指出该种可生存于多污低氧环境及贝类外套腔内并可构成对养殖动物的危害。

Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum protected alcohol and high fat diet induced hepatic injury in mice

The objective of this study was to verify the protective effect of Bifidobacterium longum(BL) and the synergistical effect of Selenium and BL on alcohol plus high fat diet(HFD) induced hepatic injury in mice. We also want to explore the mechanism of Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum(Se BL). C57 BL/6 mice were treated with alcohol plus HFD with or without different dosage of BL or Se BL for 4 weeks. Serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FFAs, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, hepatic MDA level, SOD activity, the m RNA levels of AMPK, PPAR-α and SREBP1 were invested. Se BL inhibited lipid accumulation in hepatocytes;reduced serum AST and ALT levels;improved dyslipidemia;decreased serum FFAs, TC, TG and LDL-C levels. Se BL also inhibited alcohol plus HFD-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress through decrease in hepatic MDA levels and increase in SOD activity. Se BL also regulated lipid metabolism related genes such as AMPK, PPAR-α and SREBP1. Although BL had similar effect as Se BL, Se BL is more effective than BL. Se BL protected mice from alcohol plus HFD-induced hepatic injury in mice because of its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular oxidative stress, lipogenesis and inflammation. Selenium enhanced the protective effect of BL.

婴儿肠道源长双歧杆菌B2-01的益生特性及其高密度培养

以广州市3月龄健康婴儿粪便中分离出的乳酸杆菌为研究对象,经分子生物学鉴定确认为长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum),命名为B2-01。对B2-01进行包括体外抗氧化活性和肝损伤保护活性在内的益生特性和高密度培养研究,结果表明:B2-01具有较强的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、2,2′-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力和抗脂质过氧化能力;在最高作用水平(DMEM完全培养基中发酵上清液体积分数10%)下,过氧化氢损伤和乙醇损伤L02细胞存活率可分别提高至89.10%和91.38%,同时能显著降低肝细胞中转氨酶的活力;高密度培养研究优化后的最佳培养条件确定为酵母浸提粉添加量3.45%、葡萄糖2.48%、乳糖2.79%、细菌学蛋白胨3.00%、低聚半乳糖2.50%。在此优化条件下,发酵液的活菌数最高可达4.20×10^(9) CFU/m L,比优化前(7.71×10^(8) CFU/mL)提高5.45倍。

Structure and effect on Bifidobacterium longum of exopolysaccharide produced by Weissella cibaria using cost-effective substrates

Maize straw,an abundant agricultural residue,has potential as an eco-friendly resource.The aim of this study was to investigate the struc-ture and effect on Bifidobacterium longum of exopolysaccharide produced by Weissella cibaria using maize straw as a carbon source.In this work,an exopolysaccharide-producing strain was isolated from vegetable juice,which was identified as W.cibaria.Our results demonstrated that exopolysaccharide produced by W.cibaria is a linear glucan containing anα-1,6 glycosidic bond with a molecular weight of 9462 Da.In addition,scanning electron microscopy of exopolysaccharide from W.cibaria revealed the flake structures.In vitro assays showed that the exopolysaccharide from W.cibaria has the ability to stimulate the proliferation of B.longum strain and its metabolism to produce acetic acid.This work provides a scientific reference for the potential application of maize straw and a new insight into an eco-friendly carbon source to produce exopolysaccharide.

Effects of Bifidobacterium longum CCFM5871 as an adjunct starter culture on the production of fermented milk

Bifidobacterium has been widely studied for its probiotic properties. In our previous study, Bifidobacterium longum CCFM5871 (CCFM5871) showed potential to relieve inflammation and constipation. In current study, we investigated the application of CCFM5871 as an adjunct starter culture for the production of fermented milk. First, genome analysis indicated that CCFM5871 possess various carbohydrate metabolic pathways, including the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism and galactose related genes GH2 and GH27. Comparative genomic analysis shows that similar functional gene were detected in other bifidobacteria strains applied in dairy fermentation. Then the sugar metabolism phenotype experiment verified the result of genomic analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of CCFM5871 supplementation on the production and storage of fermented milk by monitoring changes in multiple parameters over 14 days of storage at 4 °C, including pH, titratable acidity, physical properties, volatile flavor compounds, and sensory quality. The bacterial level was significantly higher at the fermentation termination than the fermentation initiation, indicating that CCFM5871 can be regarded as a candidate for adjunct start culture. Compared to the control group, supplementation with CCFM5871 increased acidification and solidification of fermented milk. Moreover, we revealed that there was no other significant difference between the yogurt fermented with CCFM5871 and the yogurt with culture only in flavor and taste. In summary, our results identified that CCFM5871 may be an appropriate co-culture for fermented milk, and the genomic analysis may be instructive for future to filter the culture in fermented milk.

Multi-omics reveals Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 alleviate food allergy by regulating the Sphingolipid metabolism pathway

Food allergy(FA)is one of the global human health problems,affecting about 1 in 12 children and 1 in 10 adults worldwide.Probiotics have alleviating effects on FA,but the mechanisms have not been fully understood.We sought to explore the therapeutic potential of probiotics Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894(B.longum CECT7894)on anaphylaxis in the ovalbumin(OVA)-induced FA model using an integrated multiomics approaches.The results revealed treatment with B.longum CECT7894 relieved OVA-induced allergic symptoms such as patho-logical changes in small intestine to some extent.Furthermore,probiotics utilization also reduced IgE levels.The transcriptomic data demonstrated that the expressions of genes associated with sphingolipid metabolism were altered in the group received B.longum CECT7894 compared to the sensitized group,including Sgpl1,Trpc1 and Prss8.In addition,the abundances of Sphingobacterium at the genus level,Sphingobacterium sp.21 and B.longum at the species level,which might related with sphingolipid metabolism,were significantly altered by B.longum CECT7894 when compared to the OVA group.Employed the metabolomics analysis,phytosphingosine,C16 sphinganine,sphinganine and sphingosine were identified as significantly changed metabolites and sphingolipid metabolism pathway was significantly enriched by pathway enrichment analysis.The Spearman’s correlation analysis further demonstrated that there were strong correlations between serum biochemical indicators,tran-scripts,gut microbiota and metabolites.Based on the findings described above,from the perspective of genes,gut flora and metabolites changes,it can be concluded that B.longum CECT7894 might suppress OVA-induced FA by regulating the sphingolipid metabolism pathway.

嗜热酸性Ⅲ型普鲁兰水解酶协同压热制备莲子抗性淀粉的工艺优化及其功能特性研究

本研究以莲子淀粉为原料,采用嗜热酸性Ⅲ型普鲁兰水解酶(TK-PUL)与压热联合制备RS3型抗性淀粉(EHP-LRS3)。通过单因素实验和响应面试验对TK-PUL与压热联合制备EHP-LRS3的工艺参数进行了优化,采用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射对EHP-LRS3的形貌、晶体结构进行了观察与分析,并考察了EHP-LRS3对长双歧杆菌的促增殖能力。结果表明,在TK-PUL酶解温度为80℃时制备EHP-LRS3的最佳工艺为:向质量分数为35.32%的莲子淀粉乳(pH5.00)中添加25.00 U/g(莲子淀粉)的TK-PUL,将混合物于80℃处理12.70 h,再将其依次于121℃压热处理10 min、4℃回生处理24 h。在最佳工艺条件下,EHP-LRS3的得率为58.46%。扫描电镜分析显示EHP-LRS3呈不规则的沟壑状结构。X-射线衍射分析表明EHP-LRS3的晶体结构呈现出不同于莲子淀粉A型晶体结构的B型晶体结构。EHP-LRS3对长双歧杆菌的促增殖能力优于压热法制备的RS3型抗性淀粉(HP-LRS3)。本研究采用TK-PUL与压热联合制备得到高得率的RS3型抗性淀粉(EHP-LRS3),并验证了EHP-LRS3对长双歧杆菌的促增殖能力,为莲子淀粉的高值化利用提供了理论依据。

绣球菌多糖营养液发酵培养长型双歧杆菌的研究

为探索绣球菌多糖对长型双歧杆菌增殖生长的影响,以绣球菌多糖替代MRS肉汤培养基中的葡萄糖制备成发酵培养长型双歧杆菌的绣球菌多糖营养液,绣球菌多糖的质量浓度设置为0%~1.8%形成7个浓度梯度,同时选取MRS肉汤培养基和PYG液体培养基作为对照,向上述9组培养基接种少量且等量的长型双歧杆菌,发酵培养0、12、24、36、48、72 h,取样测定活性双歧杆菌生长动态变化,考察双歧杆菌在各组培养基中的增殖趋势。结果表明,绣球菌多糖能被长型双歧杆菌分解利用,活菌浓度与培养基中绣球菌多糖质量浓度存在明显的正相关性,当绣球菌多糖质量浓度为0.3%时,发酵原液的活菌峰值数量即可超过10~6CFU/mL,当绣球菌多糖质量浓度为1.0%时,发酵原液的活菌峰值数量超过10~7CFU/mL,其优势在于能够较长时间维持双歧杆菌接近峰值活菌数量水平,具有减缓双歧杆菌衰亡的作用。此项研究为液体发酵法获得更高的双歧杆菌活性菌体数量及保持液态产品较高的活菌数量提供了新材料和新方法。

人源分离长双歧杆菌长亚种的体外益生特性分析

对新疆伊宁县哈萨克族学龄儿童粪便样品双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)进行分离鉴定,重点开展长双歧杆菌长亚种(B.longum subsp.longum)菌株的体外益生特征实验。依据groEL功能基因测序和重复性外源性回文聚合酶链反应指纹分型技术,416株双歧杆菌隶属于B.longum、B.bifidum、B.pseudocatenulatum、B.catenulatum和B.breve。依据优势种B.longum subsp.longum的指纹分型,27种基因型显示了个体间菌株的遗传差异,同时发现同一个体肠道有多菌株共存现象。27株代表菌株的体外实验结果表明,菌株2B3-21、1B23-11、2B33-3和1B68-16的耐酸、耐胆盐能力最优,菌株1B68-16、2B13-5、2B33-3和1B39-2的抑菌能力较强;菌株1B38-1、2B33-3、1B68-16和2B13-28体外抗氧化能力较强,综合所有菌株的抗生素耐药性和利用多种植物源聚糖的能力进行考虑,筛选菌株1B68-16和2B33-3作为潜在的益生菌菌株后续开展体内益生特性研究,本研究可为开发适应特定区域人群的优良益生菌株及产品奠定基础。

长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种利用母乳低聚糖的分子机制及益生作用研究进展

母乳是婴儿早期最主要的营养来源,它可以满足婴儿出生后6个月内的所有营养需求。母乳还含有许多生物活性物质,能够调节肠道菌群,促进免疫系统发育,增强肠道屏障。母乳低聚糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs)是母乳中的活性物质之一,它们无法被婴儿直接消化吸收,但可以作为一种益生元刺激肠道菌群的建立与进化。长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种(Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis)是母乳喂养婴儿肠道中的优势微生物,几乎拥有代谢主要HMOs所需的所有基因簇,其与HMOs的互作对早期婴儿肠道健康起着关键作用。本文综述了HMOs的组成和结构,描述了B. longum subsp. infantis对HMOs的利用方式,并总结了B. longum subsp. infantis代谢HMOs对婴儿产生的益生作用,以期为探究HMOs与肠道菌群的互作机制以及该机制对婴儿肠道发育和成熟的作用奠定基础。