Clinical Application and Prospect of New Radiotherapy Technology in Cancer Treatment

Objective: Carbon ion therapy, a new radiotherapy technology, has shown its remarkable efficacy and potential in cancer treatment, especially in the treatment of refractory tumors. Methods: This paper clarifies the physical basis, technological change, and clinical practice effect of carbon ion therapy, comprehensively discusses the future prospects, and evaluates the clinical application effect. Results: The technology has significantly improved the treatment effectiveness and received a positive response from patients. Conclusion: Carbon ion therapy technology has become a major innovation in the field of cancer treatment. It not only has a profound impact on many current cancer therapy methods but also indicates the application blueprint for a wider range of cancer types in the future, showing a new chapter of medical technology advancement.

Clinical application of multidisciplinary teams in tumor therapy

Multidisciplinary team （MDT） model is a diagnostic and treatment model characterized by interdisciplinarity, integration, centralism, individualization, and precision and is becoming more common in the management of complex malignancies. MDT emphasizes team spirit and a personalized treatment strategy according to the actual condition of each patient. A cooperative and effective multidisciplinary team is an important guarantee for delivering high-quality services to patients. Under the guidance of a medical humanistic concept, MDT provides reasonable, effective, convenient, and a full range of excellent quality medical service to patients. The MDT maximizes patient benefits, and it is the developmental direction for large-scale general hospitals. At the same time, the MDT is also an important measure to strengthen the core competitiveness of hospitals. Here, we introduce the clinical application of the model in tumor therapy as well as the current state and development in our hospital.

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY—AN UPDATE ON CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals of several photosensitizers and light applicators in numerous countries and regions around the world.In recent years,much progress has been seen in basic research as well as clinical application.PDT clinical application has now extended from treating malignant diseases to nonmalignant diseases.This review article will present recent clinical data published in English journals.The data will be organized according to their clinical specialties.The new development and future direction in clinical applications of PDT for the management of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases will be discussed.

Prospects in the application of ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents,the prognosis for GC remains poor.New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under invest-igation,but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved.Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease,encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles.Consequently,personalized treatment based on clinical features,pathologic typing,and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-positive,microsatellite instability,genome stability,and chromosome instability(CIN).Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas.Among these,ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection(UCAD)can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology,in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis,to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability.This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.

Mapping the Piconewton Cellular Forces and its Applications in Diagnosis and Therapy

Mechanical forces produced from cells regulate cell functions and fate for tissue development and regeneration.Knowledge in mechanobiology thus provides new strategy for diagnosis and prosthetics.In our work,we develop a platform which could precisely detect cellular traction force with resolution of 100 pN,enabling quantification of chemotherapy at early stage,re-epithelialization and cell collision.Additionally,a better solution for antimicrobial dressing managing infection has been provided by modifying the surface to enable both the disruption on biofilm and the elimination of engaged planktonic bacteria.Mechanobiological study demonstrated our dual-function surface remains harmless to host mammalian cells during thermalablation.Our design could pave the way further for creating soft miniaturized medical robots that defend our living system via safe interaction down to cellular level.

Application of Gene Therapy in Hemophilia

Gene therapy refers to introducing normal exogenous genes into target cells to correct or compensate for the diseases caused by defective and abnormal genes for the purpose of therapy.It holds out hope of a cure for single-gene genetic diseases such as thalassemia,hemophilia,etc.At present,gene therapy is performed in two ways:introducing exogenous genes,and gene editing.A great number of clinical trials of gene therapy in hemophilia have been carried out using viral vectors to introduce foreign genes into target cells.However,the production of neutralizing antibodies following injection and the inability to prepare viral vectors in large quantities limit their application.Although gene-editing methods like CRISPR avoid the above problems,the potential risks of off-target effects are still unknown.More trials and evidence are needed to elucidate the safety and accuracy of gene therapy.This paper will review the bench and clinical work of gene therapy in hemophilia in recent years,and summarize the challenges and prospects of gene therapy,so as to provide directions for future scientific research in this field.

Preventing Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis After Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients by Acupoint Application Combined with Pneumatic Compression Therapy

Objective:To investigate and analyze the long-term clinical effects of acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture surgery among the elderly.Methods:Sixty elderly patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups via drawing lots.Both the groups received nursing care,but the patients in the observation group were treated with TCM acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy,whereas the control group received pneumatic compression therapy.The evaluation indicators included the patients’quality of life and complications.Results:The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the observation group was more than twice(0.3%),whereas the incidence of lower extremity complications in the control group was more than 6 times(20%).There was a significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy is beneficial for the prevention of postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis among elderly patients.In addition,the patients’overall quality-of-life scores in both physiological and psychological aspects improved significantly,which carries significant clinical reference value.

Progress in Application of CBT Therapy in Patients with Post-stroke Mental Disorders

The application effects of CBT therapy in patients with post-stroke mental disorders were summarized to better understand the application effects of CBT therapy in patients with post-stroke mental disorders,so as to provide reference suggestions for better providing psychological treatment to patients with post-stroke mental disorders.

Development of Flexible Luminous Fabrics for Photodynamic Therapy in Biomedical Applications

Fabrics integrating with side-emitting polymer optical fiber( SE-POF) have great potentials for photodynamic therapy( PDT),which is a form of phototherapy recognized as a treatment strategy that is both minimally invasive and minimally toxic.Preliminary research has been undertaken to develop flexible luminous fabrics( FLF) device for PDT used in biomedical applications. The FLF device consists of SE-POFs, textile substrates,light source( LEDs or laser) with proper wavelength,and optical fiber coupling,etc. Different patterns of the fabrics were designed and fabricated purposely,and the light illumination effect was tested including the light power emitting from the patterned optical fiber fabrics,the stability of the illumination,and the light with different wavelengths. The work contributes to the successful development of an efficient and pain-alleviated illumination device for PDT in biomedical application.

MEDICINAL VESICULATION THERAPY AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION

In this paper, the authors introduce medicinal vesiculation therapy from its origin, points for attention in clinical application, and their individual experiences. In clinical application, the authors advocate: ① avoid using drugs that are over-irritating in the property, and strictly controlling the dose of drugs and the duration of application, ② in selection of drugs, some factors as patients’ conditions, the season, the geographic location, etc. should be taken into account. In the present paper, 3 typical cases of bronchial asthma, tonsil swelling and facial paralysis treated with medicinal vesiculation therapy are introduced. Clinical practice demonstrates that this therapy is economical, simple and convenient and fairly effective in treatment of some chronic diseases.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA WITH ACUPOINT APPLICATION THERAPY

In the present paper, the therapeutic effect of acupoint application of Chinese Materia Medica in the treatment of allergic asthma was observed. The results revealed that topical application of drug paste [mixture of powder of Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), Xixin (Herba Asari), Baijiezi (Semen Sinapis Albae), etc.] at the acupuncture points could improve symptoms and signs of allergic asthma patients, with the total effective rate being 69.57% (16/23) for the short term effect, and 52.17%(12/23) for the long term effect. In medication (Aminophylline) group, of the 25 cases of allergic asthma, 16 (64.0%) were effective after 4 weeks of treatment, while 6 (24.0%) were still effective that was shown by 6 months’ follow up. The therapeutic effect of acupoint application group was significantly better than that of medication group in the long term effect. Results also showed that no obvious interrelation between the short term therapeutic effect and the duration or the severity of the disease. Results also display that acupoint application therapy is an effective, safe and handy method with fewer side effects for asthma.

Clinical Application Significance of Nutritional Support Therapy in Patients with End-stage Malignant Tumor

To analyze the effect of nutritional support on clinical efficacy in patients with end-stage malignant tumors.Sample data collection was conducted from April 2015 to July 2017.54 patients with end-stage malignant tumors were enrolled in the study.They were divided into reference group(n=27)and experimental group(n=27)by double-blind method.Conventional treatment was used in the reference group,while nutritional support therapy was used in the experimental group.The treatment effects of the two groups were compared.Post-treatment effect of the experimental group and the reference group was compared using the parameters including total adverse reaction value,cancer-related fatigue score,quality of life,A/G,AS:AL,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),anorexia score,ALB,and uric acid(UA).The parameters such as A/G,AS:AL,ALP,BUN,anorexia score,ALB,and UA were also used to compare between pre-and post-treatment.The value of P<0.05 was used to indicate the statistical significance of the test.Conclusion:Nutritional support therapy had a superior effect in patients with end-stage malignant tumors.

Research on mechanism of Jin-Shui-Liu-Jun-Jian and Acupoint Application combined therapy for chronic bronchitis

Objective:To investigate the influencing mechanism of Jin-Shui-Liu-Jun-Jian and Acupoint Application combined therapy on hemorheology, inflammatory factors and pulmonary functions in patients with chronic bronchitis, thus to offer relevant help for clinical therapies on patients with chronic bronchitis. Methods:120 cases of patients with chronic bronchitis treated in our hospital were selected and randomly divided to be the therapeutic group and the control group, 60 cases each. Patients in control group were provided some basic treatments, such as spasmolysis, anti-inflammation, asthma relieving, oxygen inhalation and dissolve phlegm. For therapeutic group on this basis, Jin-Shui-Liu-Jun-Jian and Acupoint Application combined therapy was provided. Hemorheology, inflammatory factors and pulmonary functions in the two groups of patients were detected before and after treatment. Results:Differences of hemorheology indexes, inflammatory factors and pulmonary function relevant indexes between the two groups of patients with chronic bronchitis before treatment showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with prior treatment, hemorheology relevant indexes [whole blood high shear viscosity (WHV), whole blood low shear viscosity (WLV), packed cell volume (PCV), plasma viscosity (PV) and red cell assembling index (RCAI)], inflammatory factors [IL-8 (interleukin-8) and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α)] were significantly decreased and pulmonary function relevant indexes [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and expiratory flow rate when exhale vital capacity was 0.50], inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-2) were significantly increased in the two groups of patients with chronic bronchitis after relevant treatments;The differences between the groups showed statistical significance (P<0.05). After combined therapy provided, pulmonary function relevant indexes (FVC, FEV1.0, PEF, MVV and V0.50) and inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-2) in therapeutic group were significantly higher than control group after basic therapy. Hemorheology relevant indexes (WHV, WLV, PV, PCV and RCAI) and inflammatory factors (IL-8 and TNF-α) in therapeutic group were significantly lower than control group;Differences between the two groups showed statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions: Combination of Jin-Shui-Liu-Jun-Jian and Acupoint Application significantly improved the levels of hemorheology, inflammatory factors and pulmonary functions in patients with chronic bronchitis. It has a great important clinical significance on therapies for patients with chronic bronchitis.

Application of donor dendric cell mediated recipieut lymphocyte reaction after related kidney transplantation in individualized immunosuppressive therapy

Objective To explore the feasibility of mediating recipient lymphocyte reaction with donor dendritic cells ( Dcs) in renal allograft recipients to guide individualized immunosuppressive therapy. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2010,30 recipients received living related kidney transplantation were successively and divided into

Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, although recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, including neuronal and cardiomyogenic lineages. Since their original isolation from the bone marrow, MSCs have been successfully harvested from many other tissues. Their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion combined with their immunoprivileged nature has made these cells popular candidates for stem cell therapies. These cells have the potential to alter disease pathophysiology through many modalities including cytokine secretion, capacity to differentiate along various lineages, immune modulation and direct cell-cell interaction with diseased tissue. Here we first review basic features of MSC biology including MSC characteristics in culture, homing mechanisms, differentiation capabilities and immune modulation. We then highlight some in vivo and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic roles of MSCs and their uses in orthopedic, autoimmune, and ischemic disorders.

Novel pneumatically assisted atomization device for living cell delivery:application of sprayed mesenchymal stem cells for skin regeneration

Large cutaneous wounds pose a severe medical problem and may be deadly in cases when regeneration is impaired.Recently,topical stem cell therapy has been realized as a promising strategy for wound healing and skin regeneration.However,stem cells must be administrated uniformly to the wound area,otherwise treatment will be ineffective,which has been a limitation of current administration methods.Specifically,the delivery pressure and nozzle features of most clinical cell spray devices are unknown,which may significantly affect the viability of sprayed cells and their capacity for proliferation.Herein,we developed a novel pneumatically assisted atomization device(PAAD)in which cell suspensions were uniformly atomized at a low delivery pressure.We optimized the applied fluidic pressure and air pressure to maximize cell survival and function for the application of multiple cell types,while ensuring uniform dispersal across the wound site.Moreover,we found that the application of sprayed umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to wound sites significantly accelerated wound healing and promoted appendage regeneration on an excisional cutaneous wound model.Overall,the novel PAAD system delivered living cells uniformly and maintained the viability and differentiation of sprayed cells,strongly suggesting its potential for application in clinical cell therapy,especially for large,irregular,and severe skin wounds.

Clinical Comparison and Analysis of Decoction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Ear Acupoint Application and Simple Artificial Tears in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical comparison and analysis of decoction of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) combined with ear acupoint application and simple artificial tears in the treatment of dry eye syndrome. METHODS:A total of 62 patients(124 eyes) with dry eye syndrome treated in the Department of Ophthalmology of The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang from July 2017 to March 2018 were selected and equally divided into 2 groups according to the admission order. The observation group received the combination therapy of TCM decoction and ear acupoint application, while the control group was given the simple artificial tears. The symptom score after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks as well as the indicators including break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SIT) and fluorescein(FL) were recorded and compared between groups. RESULTS: The symptom scores had no difference before treatment(P > 0.05), and were better in the observation group than those in the control group after treatment(P < 0.05). At 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the treatment, the amelioration level of BUT, SIT, and FL indicators in the observation group was better than that of the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the artificial tears treatment method, the TCM decoction combined with ear acupoint application can significantly ameliorate the tear film stability, tear secretion, and reduce ocular surface damage for dry eye patients.

Recent advances in amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials for biomedical applications

Metal and amino acid(AA),as two kinds of entities,have been widely involved in biomaterials and nanomedicines.Recently,the marriage of them has developed new nanoformulations,amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials(AMCNs),which show great biomedical application potential in cancer therapy,antibacterial applications,biomedical imaging,etc.With the respective characteristics of metal and AA with rich biological and chemical properties,AMCNs can not only act as drug carriers with specific tumor targeting ability,but also realize synergistic therapy and imaging-guided therapy.Although the design and synthesis of amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials have been in-depth investigated,there are few systematic reviews on their biomedical application.In this review,we give a comprehensive summary of recent progresses in the design,fabrication,and biomedical applications of AMCNs.We also propose the future outlooks and challenges in aforementioned field.We expect that this review would contribute some inspiration for future research and development for amino acid metal coordinated nanomaterials.

OBSERVATION ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ACUPOINT APPLICATION OF FAR-INFRARED ASTHMA-RELIEVING PLASTER FOR ASTHMA

Objective To observe the clinical effect of acupoint application of Yuanhongwai Xiaochuankang Plaster （Far-infrared Asthma-relieving Plaster, FIRARP） for prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods Three hundred and sixty-six cases of bronchial asthma were randomly divided into treatment group （n = 185） and control group （n = 181 ）. Patients of treatment group were treated with FIRARP and those of control group treated with external application of traditional ＂Sonfu （Dog-days） moxibustion＂ （herbal-paste-cake separated moxibustion） and acupoints used were Dazhui（大椎 GV14）, Feishu（肺俞BL13）, Tiantu （天突 CV22）, etc. which were given to the patients. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1） and peak expiratory flow （PEF） of the pulmonary function were determined and the changes of main symptoms and signs were observed before and after the treatment. Results The pulmonary functions were effectively improved, the symptoms were controlled, and the asthma attack was reduced in the two groups with no significant difference between the two groups （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion There is no significant difference between Yuanhongwai Xiaochuonkong Plaster and traditional ＂Sanfu moxibustion＂ on bronchial asthma. It may substitute for traditional ＂Sonfu moxibustion＂.

116 CASES OF TUBAL OBSTRUCTIVE INFERTILITY TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE AND POINT-APPLICATION OF DRUGS

Tubal obstructive in fertility is often due to insufficiency of kidney-Qi, dysfunction andvascular obstruction of the uterine collaterals, in view of these pahogenetic characteristics, we havetreated 116 cases of tubal obstructive in fertility based on .differentiation of symptoms and signs byacupuncture at Guanyuan(CV4 ), Shuidao (ST 26), Guilai (ST 29 ), Diji (SP 8 ), Sanyinjiao (SP 6 ),Taixi(KI 3), Taichong(LR 3) which have functions of removing obstruction in collaterals by warmingkidney, regulating functions of the Chongmai and removing obstruction of the Renmai, increasihg levelsof female sex hormones, activating ovarian function, and external application to Guanyuan(CV 4) pointwith fresh Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Herb of Garden Balsam, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Fructus Evodiae, Fructus Foeniculi, Mirabilitum, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Fructus Liguidambaris, etc., which have thefunction of softening and resolving hard masses, subduing swelling and disintegrating masses, improvingblood circulation of the pelvic cavity, promoting absorption of the obstructed focus. AInong them 83cases were cured (pregnancy) accounting for 71. 6 %. The effective rate reached 90. 5 %. Clinically, itis proved that the combination of acupuncture with drugs has satis factory effects.