Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

基于Struts+Spring+Hibernate缺陷管理系统实现

随着社会的蓬勃发展,软件行业的激烈竞争也日益明显,人们对软件的质量要求越来越严格。对于高质量的软件来讲,最终产品尽可能达到零缺陷。而软件开发是一个以个人为中心的活动,不可避免会存在缺陷,而缺陷信息是产品质量和过程能力的重要指标,是知识的积累。论文介绍了使用Java语言开发软件缺陷管理系统的过程。该系统采用当今流行的开发技术Struts、Spring、Hibernate实现了系统的表示层、控制层、业务层和持久层。论文重点阐述了该系统的登录模块、缺陷管理模块和用户管理模块的设计和实现。初步测试表明,该系统实现了软件缺陷管理的基本功能并能满足中小型企业需求。

MTBE催化技术

介绍了MTBE工业化生产中 ,合成反应过程的一般特点。对于MTBE合成反应的催化机理 ,目前生产装置中所使用的主要催化剂大孔径强酸性阳离子交换树脂的主要性能指标 ,以及这类催化剂的使用性能和操作参数的关系进行了论述 ,分析了实际生产中导致催化剂失活的影响因素和失活过程。对目前尚未工业化的新型催化剂沸石催化剂。

Santiago the Defeated and the Triumphant

Old fisherman Santiago fight bravely,the battle he loses in the flesh can be one he wins in the spirit.The old man should be regarded as a noble hero,if tragic,a failure for his physical suffers and loses of the big fish,not a failure for his spirit of optimism,confidence,wisdom of spirits,perseverance and bravery.He wins the interior triumph from physical defeat.Whether to be a triumphed hero or a defeated failure is up to a person's efforts.

Correction Method of Light Hydrocarbons Losing and Heavy Hydrocarbon Handling for Residual Hydrocarbon (S_1) from Shale

In China, hot researches on shale oil were raised by the important breakthrough of shale oil in America. Obviously, the first important issue is the actual shale oil resource potential of China, and the selection of the key appraisement parameter is vital to the shale oil resource amount. Among the appraisement parameters, the oil content parameter（S1） is the key one, but the evaluation result is generally lower because of light hydrocarbon losing and heavy hydrocarbon handling. And the more important thing is that the light hydrocarbon with small molecular weight is more recoverable, and therefore its amount is important to the total shale oil yields. Based on pyrolysis experiments and the kinetic model of hydrocarbon generation, correction factors and a model of light hydrocarbon losing and heavy hydrocarbon handling were established. The results show that the correction factor of heavy hydrocarbon handling is 3.2, and that of light hydrocarbon losing is controlled by kerogen type, maturity and hydrocarbon generation environment（closed or open）.

New technology of determining coalbed gas content by reversion seal coring

The key of the direct method of determining coalbed gas content is how to shorten the coal core exposure time in the sampling progress and reduce measuring error of gas content which comes from the calculation of losing gas content. The coring tests were carried out in No.24 drilling field of 715 floor gateway in Qinan Coal Mine by using traditional drill core bar- rel sampler and self-designed reversion seal coring equipment. The losing gas content was calculated by power functional method, and the gas content of two coring methods was determined, respectively. Results show that, compared with traditional drill core barrel sampling, the newly seal coring equipment can significantly shorten the coal core exposure time, the 30 min desorption gas content increases obviously, the calculation of losing gas content reduces by 56.99%, the desorption gas content in normal atmosphere increases by 113.24%, and the determining value of gas content increases by 10.06%. The new technol- ogy has much higher accuracy, and it is worthwhile to be popularized.

Late post liver transplant protein losing enteropathy: Rare complication of incisional hernia

Development of oedema and hypoproteinaemia in a liver transplant recipient may be the first signs of graft dysfunction and should prompt a full assessment. We report the novel case of a patient who, years after liver transplantation developed a functional blind loop in an incisional hernia, which manifested as oedema and hypoproteinaemia secondary to protein losing enteropathy. After numerous investigations, the diagnosis was made by flurodeoxyglucose positron emmision tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. Surgical repair of the incisional hernia was followed several months later by resolution of the protein loss, and confirmed at a post operative FDG-PET scan at one year.

The Loss of“Belle Reve”——Tennessee Williams’s Creation of Southern Belles

The most distinctive contribution of the American dramatist Tennessee Williams to American theatre,is his studies of Southern Madames.This essay is to depict how the Southern belles,the delicate,lonely and vulnerable dreamers,as Amanda Wingfield and her daughter,Laura in The Glass Menagerie,and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire,surrender and lose themselves thoroughly with progress of historical and social development.

Protein-losing pseudomembranous colitis with cap polyposis-like features

Protein-losing enteropathy(PLE) is characterized by loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract. It may lead to hypoproteinemia and clinically present as protein deficiency edema, ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion and/or malnutrition. In most cases the site of protein loss is the small intestine. Here we present an unusual case of severe PLE in a 55-year old female with a one-year history of recurrent diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and peripheral edema. Endoscopy and MRI showed a diffuse inflammatory thickening of the sigmoid colon and the rectum. Surgical resection of the involved colon was performed and the symptoms were significantly resolved. The final histologic evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of a pseudomembranous colitis with cap polyposis-like features. Such a cause of PLE has never been described before.

Effects of the Novel Anti-Asthenic Drug Ladasten on Behavior and T-Cell Subsets Alterations in a Social Defeat Animal Model of Depression

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the anti-asthenic drug ladasten on behavioral patterns and T-cell subsets in blood, spleen, and thymus in socially stressed male C57Bl/6 mice. Mice subjected to social defeat stress (SDS) for 25 days developed a depressive-like phenotype. The submissive SDS animals were assigned to one of two treatment groups: one group was treated with ladasten (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for up to 5 days, and the other one was administered vehicle as a control. Twenty four hours after the last injection, behavioral parameters were tested, and trunk blood and tissue samples were collected. SDS mice from the vehicle-treated group showed a subordinate and passive avoidance behavior with significantly decreased spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and exhibited impaired parameters in the forced swimming test (FST). Changes in behavioral status were correlated with an increase spleen weight, a decrease in thymic index and a shift in the CD4/CD8 balance toward T-cytotoxic cells. The behavior parameters were reversed in the group treated with ladasten compared to the untreated SDS group and were similar to those of unstressed mice. Treatment of socially stressed mice with ladasten normalized the amount of T-lymphocyte cells in the blood, spleen, and thymus. These findings support the notion that depression is accompanied by cell-mediated immune activation and that targeting this pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for treatment. Furthermore, our data support further investigations of ladasten as a potent anti-depressive drug which can be used alone as well as in combination with other anti-depressants.

Effect and regulation ofα-dstroglycan glyco⁃sylation on chronic social defeat induced depressive-like behaviors of mice

OBJECTIVEα-Dstroglycan(α-DG)is a predominant component in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex(DGC)and a recently char⁃acterized receptor for several extracellular matrix components with high affinity.Recent research⁃es have reported that hypoglycosylation ofα-DG is associated with the pathophysiology of diseas⁃es,especially muscular dystrophy,but little is known about major depressive disorder(MDD).Like-acetylglucosaminyl transferase(Large)is a key enzyme for glycosylation ofα-DG,which mainly modifies two points in the middle domain ofα-DG:Thr-317 and Thr-319.Glycosylatedα-DG(GLY-α-DG)can bind with high affinity to extracellular matrix(ECM)molecules that con⁃tain laminin globular(LG)domains,including per⁃lecan,agrin and neurexin.Agrin is mainly derived from neurons rather than glial cells.In cultured hippocampal neurons,it was found that agrin could regulate the homeostatic plasticity of inhibi⁃tory neurons by acting on GLY-α-DG.Mdx mice are transgenetic models for the investigation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Many studies have shown that the expression of GLY-α-DG in the peripheral and brain tissues of Mdx mice is significantly down-regulated.Mdx mice show cognitive impairment and high levels of anxiety.In this study,we employed chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)to establish an animal model of depression and detected the expression of GLY-α-DG among the brain areas associated with the pathophysiology of depression.METHODS So⁃cial interaction test(SIT)and sucrose preference test(SPT)were used to evaluate depressive-like behavior.Open field(OF)and elevated plus maze(EPM)test were used to determine the anxiety-like behavior of Mdx mice.Novelty-sup⁃pressed feeding test(NSFT)forced swim test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to detect the depressive-like behavior of Mdx mice.Novel object recognition test(NOR)was applied to evaluate the cognition of Mdx mice.Subthreshold social defeat stress was used to explore the susceptibility to stress in Mdx mice.Stereotactic infusion of agrin into the ventral hippocampus(vHip),FST and TST were used to investigate the antidepressant effects of agrin.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated overex⁃pression techniques,behavior tests and whole-cell path-clamp technique were conducted to determine the impact of Large overexpression on CSDS susceptible mice.RESULTS The expres⁃sion ofα-DG and GLY-α-DG were significantly decreased in the vHip of CSDS susceptible mice.Mdx mice showed decreased expression of GLY-α-DG and increased anxiety-like behav⁃iors.Mdx mice displayed some depressive-like behaviors,and the susceptibility to stress was significantly increased.Downregulation of the expressionα-DG in the vHip by lentivirus increased the susceptibility to stress.Administra⁃tion of agrin to CSDS susceptible mice exerted antidepressant effects,and this effect could par⁃tially sustain for a week.The expression of Large was decreased in vHip.Overexpression of Large through AAV-Large reversed the depressive-like behaviors and restored the decreased frequency and amplitude of mIPSC.CONCLUSION GLY-α-DG and its glycosylase are significantly decreased in CSDS susceptible mice.Adminis⁃tration of agrin and overexpression of Large displays antidepressant effect,which may be related to its promotion of inhibitory synaptic transmission.

Revision of the new formula for book losing rate

While the amount of book borrowing is overlooked in the calculation of book losing rate in a closed system, there are also other important overlooked elements, factors such as reader groups and the reading timetable in open book stacks. On the basis of concrete evidence, this paper revised a new formula for book losing rate with the purpose of making the estimation in management more objective and more accurate.

Land-losing Farmers' Citizenization in the Process of Urbanization

Starting from the status of citizenization of land-losing farmers,problems in the citizenization are analyzed,such as the difficulty in land-losing farmers' economic life after turning into citizens,employment difficulties of land-losing farmers after living in the city,and the prominent problems in social security of land-losing farmers.Causations for the citizenization problems of land-losing farmers are analyzed.Firstly,institutionalized rejection is the root of the obstacle in citizenization of land-losing farmers.Secondly,exclusion from social security system is a fundamental reason.Thirdly,exclusion of land-losing farmers from both urban citizens and themselves is the subjective factor.Fourthly,exclusion of land-losing farmers from urban employment is the objective factor.Based on these,countermeasures are put forward:formulating a reasonable price of land transfer;establishing a reasonable land compensation and benefit-sharing mechanism;setting up a multi-level social security system for land-losing farmers;increasing the human capital investment in land-losing farmers to enhance their employment status;and improving the cultural quality of land-losing farmers to realize the change in lifestyle.

Research on the Urban Integration of Land-losing Farmers

Fishbone chart is used to analyze the status of the living ability of land-losing farmers, as well as its causation from the aspects of system layer, social support network, land-losing farmer themselves, and economic layer. Result shows that the system layer includes the unreasonable land compensation, the lack of social security for land-losing farmers, and the employment exclusion of land-losing farmers. Small scale and low heterogeneity are the causations for social support network. Low willingness to become citizens, low cultural quality and difficulty in role change are the causations of land-losing farmers themselves. The low expected return and high living cost are the causations for economic layer. Based on the above analysis, countermeasures to improve the urban-living ability of land-losing farmers are put forward, such as improving the land expropriation system, establishing a multi-level social security system, enhancing the training and employment mechanism of land-losing farmers, and improving the quality of land-losing farmers.

基于改进YOLOv5s的输电线路螺栓缺销检测方法

针对无人机输电线路巡检图像中螺栓缺销检测精度较低、漏检较多的问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5s的输电线路螺栓缺销检测方法。在Backbone部分嵌入Coordinate Attention注意力模块;在Neck部分原有的“FPN+PAN”结构的基础上,新增一条“自顶向下”的特征信息传递路径,跨越临近的同尺度特征层,与较浅层网络以加权融合的方式进行特征融合;将Head部分设置为解耦检测头,将对螺栓检测的分类任务与定位任务分开进行。改进后的YOLOv5s算法增强了对螺栓特征信息的学习能力。使用本方法在螺栓缺销数据集上实验,精确率提升了2.3%,召回率提升了3.4%,平均精度提升了3.1%,检测速度达到了41.1帧/秒,表明改进后的方法能提升输电线路螺栓缺销的检测能力,在智能巡检中具有一定的应用价值。

Social Security of Land-losing Farmers in Urban Demolition——A Case of Hedong Village, Chengzhong District,Liuzhou City

Based on the survey of peasants from 40 households who are chosen at random and have lost their land in the Hedong Village of Liuzhou, the status quo of land expropriation and social security of land-losing peasants are expounded. The social security problems of peasants in urban demolition and peasantsh desperate demands are analyzed as follows. For example, the Main problems after the peasants losing their lands cover the substandard of resettlement, which can not maintain the former living standard; the source of income has changed and the relevant security mechanism has not been established; the peasants who have lost their land are in desperate need of more stable jobs and stable income. In view of the current situation, the countermeasures and suggestions for establishing social security mechanism for peasants who have lost their land are put forward. The measures cover establishing the subsistence allowances for land-losing peasants; establishing the guarantee system for aged people; building medical care system; providing employment and training opportunity, trying to increase the channels of employment for farmers and fostering the employment security system for peasants who have lost their land.

Losing weight by eating an "imaginary meal in a pill"

A drug dubbed an'imaginary meal in a pill'is being developed by scientists. The pill tricks the body into thinking it has consumed a large amount of calories-as if you have just eaten a substantial meal. The dieter’s dream,it would allow them to continue to enjoy fatty foods without putting on weight. The drug,which tricks the body into believing it has eaten, also cuts cholesterol and keeps blood sugar levels under control.

实体企业金融化的环境绩效:内在机制与经验证据

基于2011—2020年沪深A股实体上市公司数据,考察了实体企业金融化的环境绩效与形成机制,并进一步分析了企业家相关才能的调节效应。研究发现:(1)实体企业金融化对环境绩效呈现先促进后抑制的倒U型关系,这一结论在使用多种方法进行稳健性检验后依然成立;(2)实体企业金融化在东部地区和非国有企业中具有显著环境绩效,制造业企业金融化则更易产生消极的环境绩效;(3)实体企业金融化初期的转型效应带来了积极的环境绩效,而随着金融化进程加深,其对创新的挤出效应产生了消极的环境绩效;(4)进一步分析发现,随着实体企业金融化不断推进,企业家相关才能具有显著正向调节效应。

胡一郎的故事Losing

生命不断转弯,从不承诺永远……这些年像陀 螺一样旋转……是有一点遗憾,幸福没有答案…… 胡一郎久久沉浸在蔡琴的歌声里。每天都像陀 螺一样的转,今天可以这样静静地欣赏自己最爱的歌曲,胡一郎觉得幸福无比。 忽然腰间一阵颤,是呼机在震动:“老杨,请查收邮件。” 原来老杨己经把网站规划书发过来了。可出乎胡一郎预料的是,老杨已经放弃了捆绑旅游企业的想法,因为“很难和华夏什么的竞争”,老杨决定做个彻底的“企业电子商务应用门户网站”。利益挺高,要立足整个互联网为企业创造商业机会;全面整合现有电子商务网站各项服务,真正形成服务门户——说白了就是为用户提供对现有网站建设服务提供商的检索,选出合适的服务商;同时做在线的评估、比较等。