Analysis of the formation conditions and characteristics of interphase and random vanadium precipitation in a low-carbon steel during isothermal heat treatment

The characteristics of nanosized precipitates in steels depend on the heat-treatment parameters. The effects of characteristics of vanadium precipitates formed during isothermal heat treatment on the hardness of the ferrite matrix in low-carbon vanadium-alloyed steel were investigated through analysis of transmission electron microscopy images and microhardness measurements. The results show that, during isothermal holding in the temperature range from 675 to 750℃, only interphase precipitation occurs, whereas only random precipitation occurs in the ferrite matrix during holding at 600℃. Furthermore, during isothermal heat treatment between 600 and 675℃, both random and interphase precipitates occurred in the ferrite. Nanoscale vanadium carbides with different atomic ratios of vanadium(V) and carbon(C) were the dominant precipitates in the random and interphase precipitates. The sizes of random precipitation carbides were smaller than those of interphase ones. Also, the sample isothermally heat treated at 650℃ for 900s exhibited a higher hardness with a narrower hardness distribution.

Effect of High Pressure Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Low Carbon Steel

The effect of high pressure heat treatment on microstructure and compressive properties of low carbon steel were investigated by optical microscope,transmission electron microscope,hardness tester and compression test methods.The results show that martensite appears in low carbon steel at 1-5GPa GPa and 950°C for 15 minutes treatment,high pressure heat treatment can improve the hardness and compressive properties of the steel,the yield strength of the steel increases with increasing pressure,and its compressive properties are better than that treated under normal pressure quenching.

Effect of Heat Treatments on Corrosion of Welded Low-Carbon Steel in Acid and Salt Environments

Effect of heat treatment on the corrosion of welded low-carbon steel in 0.3 M and 0.5 M of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride environments at ambient temperature (25oC) has been investigated. Arc welded low-carbon steel sample of known composition were subjected to the corrosion reagents for 21 days (504 hours). pH and weight loss values were taken at interval of 3 days. Thereafter, weight loss method was used to measure therate of corrosion attack on the heat treated samples at ambient temperature. Results obtained showed that at low concentration, the annealed sample exhibits better corrosion characteristic as compared to the normalized and quenched samples. However, at higher concentration the normalized sample exercised better service performance over the annealed and quenched samples. Thequenched sample was found to have relatively low corrosion performance over the annealed and normalized samples at both low and high concentrations of the media.

Influence of soaking time in deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-alloy medium-carbon HY-TUF steel

The influence of soaking time in deep cryogenic treatment on the tensile and impact properties of low-alloy medium-carbon HY-TUF steel was investigated in this study. Microstructural studies based on phase distribution mapping by electron backscatter diffraction show that the deep cryogenic process causes a decrease in the content of retained austenite and an increase in the volume fraction of η-carbide with increasing soaking time up to 48 h. The decrease in the content of retained austenite from ~1.23vol% to 0.48vol% suggests an isothermal martensitic transformation at 77 K. The η-type precipitates formed in deep cryogenic-treated martensite over 48 h have the Hirotsu and Nagakura orientation relation with the martensitic matrix. Furthermore, a high coherency between η-carbide and the martensitic matrix is observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The variations in macrohardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility with soaking time in the deep cryogenic process show a peak/plateau trend.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical properties of high strength low alloy(HSLA)steel

In this paper,a Fe-based Mn-Ni–Cr–Mo high strength low alloy(HSLA)steel was prepared by using Vacuum melting,following by hot rolling with 78%deformation and various heat treatment processes.Microstructure were characterized by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer.Tensile tests were performed.After direct quenching(Q)from 860℃,the samples were subjected to secondary quenching(L)at different intercritical temperatures within the two-phase region and various tempering temperatures(T).Results show that QLT treatment increases elongation and decreases yield ratio compared with conventional quenching and tempering process(QT).The optimum QLT heat treatment parameter in terms of temperature are determined as Q:860℃,L:700℃,and T:600℃,resulting in the better combined properties with yield strength of 756MPa,tensile strength of 820MPa,tensile elongation of 16.76%and yield ratio of 0.923.

Influence of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Tribological Properties of Low Carbon Steel (Fe-0,09C-0,64Si-,26Mn)

This paper presents the results of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent heat treatment (HT) as a method to improve the wear resistance of metallic materials in friction sliding. The effect of ECAP and HT on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel is investigated in this work. The mechanisms of wear resistance of steel with ultrafine and nanostructures produced by equal-channel angular pressing is analyzed. The results show that ECAP at room temperature and annealing at 350&degC and 450&degC can be used as a technology of reducing wear in friction sliding.

低碳钢磁性热处理影响因素的实验研究与讨论

针对低碳钢磁性热处理理论,提出了新观点,认为在奥氏体区高温长时间保温对低碳钢磁性能影响不大,起关键作用的是两相区相变过程。根据新观点制订了新工艺,并通过实验验证了该观点的正确性。结果表明,新工艺时间只有原工艺时间的1/2,而磁性能仍保持与原工艺基本相同的水平。

Acoustic emission study of the plastic deformation of quenched and partitioned 35CrMnSiA steel

Acoustic emission （AE） monitored tensile tests were performed on 35CrMnSiA steel subjected to different heat treatments. The results showed that quenching and partitioning （Q-P） heat treatments enhanced the combined mechanical properties of high strength and high ductility for commercial 35CrMnSiA steel, as compared with traditional heat treatments such as quenching and tempering （Q-T） and austempering （AT）. AE signals with high amplitude and high energy were produced during the tensile deformation of 35CrMnSiA steel with retained austenite （RA） in the microstructure （obtained via Q-P and AT heat treatments） due to an austenite-to-martensite phase transformation. Moreover, additional AE signals would not appear again and the mechanical properties would degenerate to a lower level once RA degenerated by tempering for the Q-P treated steel.

Effects of simulated on-fire processing conditions on the microstructure and mechanical performance of Q345R steel

A series of simulated on-fire processing experiments on Q345R steel plates was conducted, and the plates＇ Brinell hardness, ten- sile strength, and impact energy were tested. Microstructure morphologies were systematically analyzed using a scanning electron micro- scope with the aim of investigating the effect of the steel＇s microstructure on its performance. All examined performance parameters exhib- ited a substantial decrease in the cases of samples heat-treated at temperatures near 700℃. However, although the banded structure decreased with increasing treatment temperature and holding time, it had little effect on the performance decline in fact. Further analysis revealed that pearlite degeneration near 700℃, which was induced by the interaction of both subcritical annealing and conventional spherical annealing, was the primary reason for the degradation behavior. Consequently, some nonlinear mathematical models of different mechanical perform- ances were established to facilitate processing adjustments.

热处理对特种设备用高强钢激光–电弧复合焊接头氢脆断裂行为的影响研究

目的提高800 MPa级特种设备用低碳贝氏体高强钢激光–电弧复合焊接头的抗氢脆性能。方法采用预充氢后慢应变速率拉伸试样的方法,定量评估焊态、焊后直接高温回火和焊后调质3种状态下800 MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢激光–电弧复合焊接头的氢脆敏感性,结合扫描电镜下的初始微观组织和断裂特征,讨论抗氢脆性能的改善机理。结果焊后调质处理有效消除了焊接热循环形成的马氏体组织,使接头各区域的微观组织趋于一致,接头的抗氢脆性能较焊态和直接焊后高温回火态的显著提高,断裂特征也从沿晶和穿晶的混合断裂转变为穿晶解理断裂。结论焊后调质处理可以有效提高800 MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢激光–电弧复合焊接头的抗氢脆性能。

Cu对低碳钢耐腐蚀和抑菌性能的影响

低碳钢不仅要求其具有较高的强度和硬度,而且耐腐蚀性和抑菌性也至关重要。为了研究不同Cu含量的低碳钢在复杂工况环境下的耐腐蚀和抑菌性能,选取了4种不同组织钢种:MS1500、S-Ten2、F92和17-4PH。实验选择了酸性(pH=3)、中性(pH=7)、碱性(pH=11)和菌液(大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌)4种溶液来模拟材料应用的复杂环境,采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱测试和浸泡实验对比分析了它们在4种环境下的耐腐蚀性能,并在菌液环境中进行了材料抑菌实验。另外,通过对不同热处理后的S-Ten2低碳钢进行抑菌实验,进一步研究了不同Cu析出状态对低碳钢抑菌性能的影响。实验结果表明:F92和17-4PH 2种低碳钢在4种环境下均表现出了优异的耐蚀腐性能;在强碱环境下4种材料的耐腐蚀性能相近。S-Ten2在碱性环境下的耐腐蚀性能优于酸性和中性环境,而MS1500的耐腐蚀性能在所有实验环境下相对稳定。在葡萄球菌液中,F92和17-4PH的耐蚀性能优于MS1500和S-Ten2。通过对S-Ten2不同热处理后,大肠杆菌液中900℃-6 h-水淬和560℃-6 h-空冷的样品抑菌性优于700℃-5 min-固溶的样品,说明合理的热处理可以使Cu析出达到理想抑菌效果,但在葡萄球菌液中,3种不同热处理的样品抑菌性均不理想。

Effect of Intercritical Annealing Parameters on Dual Phase Behavior of Commercial Low-Alloyed Steels

The effects of some intercritical annealing parameters including heating rate, soaking temperature, soaking time, and quench media on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled dual phase steel were studied. The microstructure of specimens quenched after each annealing stage was analyzed using optical microscope. The tensile properties, determined for specimens submitted to complete annealing cycles, were influenced by the volume fractions of multiphases （originated from martensite, bainite, and retained austenite）, which depend on the annealing process parameters. The results obtained showed that the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength increase with increasing the intercritical temperature and cooling rate. This can be explained by higher martensite volume ratio with the increased volume fraction of austenite formed at the higher temperatures and cooling rates.

板条马氏体大变形轧制工艺的晶粒细化机制

分析了采用板条马氏体大变形轧制工艺制备超细晶钢板时的显微组织演变过程及其晶粒细化机制。结果表明,该工艺包含3个具有不同晶粒细化机制的工艺过程:①轧前预淬火+回火使原始奥氏体晶粒分裂为均匀细小的板条马氏体,板条晶内部含有大量吸附着碳原子的位错;②大变形轧制细化、破碎板条马氏体,并进一步增加了组织中的位错密度;③在轧后再结晶退火时,基体中的高密度位错提供了超常的驱动力,使再结晶晶核尺寸小于1μm,400℃和500℃退火后钢板的晶粒尺寸分别为52nm和316nm。

960MPa级含钼低碳钢钼含量与热处理工艺的确定

为了得到屈服强度960 MPa级高强度低碳结构钢的最佳钼含量和热处理工艺,采用显微组织分析、力学性能检验、断口分析等方法研究了热处理工艺对不同钼含量试验钢显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:随钼含量增加,淬火态试验钢的抗回火软化能力逐渐增强;最优钼含量为0.4%(质量分数),此成分试验钢经最佳热处理工艺(880℃淬火+580℃回火)处理后屈服强度为988 MPa(达到试制要求),抗拉强度为1 000 MPa,伸长率为15.5%,-20℃夏比冲击功为52 J,且冲击断口具有韧窝特征,此时试验钢显微组织为回火托氏体,淬火马氏体板条部分发生分解。

高碳低合金铸造耐磨钢的组织和性能研究

结合国内外常用的高碳低合金钢,重点研究了热处理工艺对其组织和性能的影响,并对其机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明:高碳低合金钢具有良好的淬透性和淬硬性;经过870℃保温2 h风淬+550℃保温2 h回火热处理工艺后,其组织为回火马氏体+屈氏体+碳化物,钢的硬度为HB 477,冲击韧度为73 J/cm2,综合性能优良。适于高冲击磨损的工况条件。

1000MPa级低碳马氏体钢的微观组织与力学性能

以0．12％～o．16％（质量分数）C-Mn-B为基本成分，辅以Cr-Mo或Cr-Ni—Mo复合添加，采用粗轧大压下轧制工艺，并经淬火＋回火热处理，制备出1000MPa级高强度钢板，其微观组织由宽度小于200nin的细小马氏体板条组成，并含有少量较粗大的先析出自回火马氏体板条。研究了化学成份和热处理工艺对钢板力学性能和微观组织的影响规律。

新型低碳贝氏体钢的力学与腐蚀疲劳性能

为研究低碳贝氏体钢在热处理后的力学、腐蚀疲劳性能,采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射分析研究了一种新型贝氏体钢力学性能,并在自来水和盐水腐蚀介质中研究了其腐蚀疲劳性能.结果表明:与轧材比较,A、B、C钢轧材经正火回火热处理后,表现出更优异的综合力学性能和抗腐蚀疲劳性能;而含Si高的A钢具有更优异的韧塑性及抗腐蚀疲劳性能.含Si的贝氏体钢中的贝氏体铁素体(BF)板条间残余奥氏体(Ar)膜对氢致裂纹的扩展速率有突出的抑制作用.

Q550D低碳贝氏体钢焊后热处理工艺的确定

模拟研究了Q550D低碳贝氏体钢焊接接头热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性受t_(8/5)(从800℃冷却至500℃的时间)影响的变化规律,并选取t_(8/5)为20 s时的热模拟条件研究焊后热处理工艺对粗晶区冲击韧性的影响,从而确定该钢的焊后热处理工艺。结果表明:Q550D钢粗晶区的冲击功随t_(8/5)的增加有下降趋势,在t_(8/5)≤30s时粗晶区冲击韧性保持较高水平;在250～600℃进行焊后热处理时母材的拉伸、冲击性能变化不大,粗晶区在350℃和550℃附近存在回火脆性,在500℃附近保持较高的冲击韧性;Q550D钢较佳的焊后热处理工艺为520℃×1.5h。

低碳马氏体钢的细晶强化机理及其力学性能

对不同热处理条件下获得的低碳马氏体钢的微观组织及力学性能进行了系统的研究.实验结果表明,盐浴淬火热处理可以实现样品的快速、均匀加热,与常规的热处理条件相比,由于加热速度快、保温时间短,在材料完全奥氏体化初期或接近完全奥氏体化情况下,奥氏体晶粒还未长大,通过淬火得到较为细小的马氏体组织,可以获得力学性能优良的马氏体钢.通过优化的热处理参数可以将材料的抗拉强度和延伸率均提高10%以上.其中盐浴淬火在930℃×20 s工艺下,抗拉强度达到1.488 GPa,延伸率为7.6%.

Si-Mn系低碳钢经DP和TRIP处理后组织与性能的对比性研究

对冷轧态Si-Mn系低碳钢分别进行DP和TRIP处理,然后通过金相实验、SEM分析以及室温拉伸性能测试对其显微组织、力学性能以及成型性能进行对比研究。结果表明,当组织中铁素体含量约为60%时,经TRIP处理后试样的能量吸收强度大约是DP处理试样的1.59倍;经TRIP处理后试样的均匀变形能力较强,经DP处理的试样则具有较高的初始加工硬化能力;经TRIP处理后试样的断裂韧度是经DP处理试样的3.2倍,这应该与组织中残余奥氏体的TRIP效应有关。