Low-carbon and Energy-saving Designs Preserving Primitive Ecological Conditions——With the Planning of Ancient Banyan Park in Mengshan County,Guangxi,China as a Case Study

It was proposed that park planning should be based on local economic development,should focus on the preservation of primitive ecological conditions and the application of low-carbon and energy-saving concepts.The planning of Ancient Banyan Park in Mengshan County by following the principles of respecting local history and culture,improving functions and supporting facilities,human-centered,overall planning and all-around consideration,respecting characteristics of the local area(the planning site),satisfying operation requirements of the park,applying low-carbon and energy-saving concepts,and avoiding over-engineering,aimed at protecting natural images of the park,primitive history,culture and characteristics of the local area and providing a space for local residents' various activities.Modern aesthetic forms were combined,cultural connotation of natural environment stressed to build a landscape space system of the Ancient Banyan Park that matches well with environment of the planning site.The park was designed into 4 functional areas:sport area,fitness plaza area,garden recreational area and ancient banyan cultural area.Different functions of these subareas were taken into consideration to create conservation-minded garden landscapes which were both independent and unified.

Japan's experience of energy saving and business model for low-carbon economy

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the questions concerning stimulation of the innovation and the diffusion of energy saving or low-carbon.To do so,this paper explains using two cases of Japan-energy saving innovation after the Oil Shock and the eco points system.For the case after the oil shock,we explain the energy saving trend after the Oil Shock and the factors statistically.Then we put forward the business model for the low-carbon economy.Furthermore,we analyze the case of the eco points system from 2009-2011 in Japan and explain the significance of the business model for diffusion of the low-carbon products.

Interpretation of Low-carbon City Planning and Design——A Case Study of Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community

It is an important and unique approach of achieving sustainable urban development to save and use energy intensively, reduce carbon emission, and take the low-carbon development road. Taking Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community for example, this paper introduced planning measures for building a low-carbon city, including building a green network, compound utilization of urban spaces, establishing green transportation, using renewable resources, development of green architecture, so as to provide references for the future researches on the low-carbon urban development.

Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

Lubricating a bright future:Lubrication contribution to energy saving and low carbon emission

Both the academic society and the industry are hunting for new energy forms for the future.However,the world should not forget the conventional technologies that contribute to the sustainable society by technical innovations.Among them,lubrication plays a significant role in energy saving and in low CO2emission by increasing the fuel efficiency and by prolonging the service life of machines.With the advance of novel synthetic approaches,and nanoscience and technologies,novel lubrication oils and additives and their formulations are being developed to reduce friction and wear,and novel surface treatment routes and surface coatings are invented and provide more efficient lubrication.These technologies create tremendous chances for machines to work more efficiently with low energy consumption.Here we review the recent progresses and challenges associated with some novel lubrication techniques that include novel surface treatment(such as texturing,high-performance nanocomposite coatings,adapting coating),tribology design(solid and liquid lubrication),energy-conserving engine oil and novel lubricants and formula(such as ionic liquids,low S,P content additives)which are to be adopted to enhance the fuel efficiency to achieve energy saving and low carbon emission.There is increased demand to replace fossil lubricants by degradable green lubricants.Specially designed coatings can reduce drag significantly during navigation of both airplanes and ships.All these aspects will be also reviewed in the paper.

制酒厂区工艺双循环水冷冷却系统热回收应用研究

酱香型白酒生产过程需要冷却才能使酒蒸汽凝结成酒并降温至工艺要求的出酒温度,常用的冷却介质有空气和水,冷却过程中酒蒸汽会向冷却介质释放大量热量。采用风冷方式时其热量释放于空气中,热回收利用难度较大。常规情况采用水冷方式时冷却水出水温度约为60~70℃,可用于加热生活热水和锅炉水,但其他可利用的热回收途径较少。为了提高白酒生产中的冷却水余热利用率,提出了工艺双循环水冷冷却系统,其高温冷却水出水温度可达90℃左右,高温冷却水中的热量约占90%,可用于驱动增温型热泵制取蒸汽,也可用于加热锅炉水和生活热水。采用该双循环水冷冷却系统可进一步提高白酒生产中的余热回收利用率,达到节能低碳的效果。

暖通空调技术在室内空气环境品质控制中的应用

文章研究了暖通空调技术在室内空气环境品质控制中的应用,重点分析了新风系统设计、换气效率优化策略、空气净化技术集成以及智能调控系统的实践应用,强调了合理设计新风量、采用变风量控制、实施热回收、选用高效过滤材料、利用活性炭和光触媒技术的重要性。

甲醇增程动力挖掘机关键技术研究

为应对传统燃油挖掘机高能耗、高排放以及纯电动挖掘机充电困难、低温适用性差等问题,聚焦甲醇增程动力挖掘机展开关键技术研究。通过理论分析、实例应用及系统对比等方法,深入探究甲醇发动机增程器技术路线,涵盖机械解耦、功率解耦、转速解耦特征及关键部件选择,剖析增程器在延长工作时长、解决充电焦虑、应对低温环境、降低碳排放与提升经济性方面的意义,阐述产品低碳排放、解决充电难题、具备高适应性与可靠性、维护便捷等优势。研究得出,甲醇增程动力挖掘机顺应工程机械行业绿色发展趋势,其独特技术路线能保障稳定动力供给,为工程机械新能源化提供宝贵经验,具有广阔应用前景与较高的实用价值,有助于推动行业节能减排,拓展产品适用范围,降低用户使用成本,助力实现“双碳”目标。

Research Electricity Production Costs and External Compensation Mechanism

China's power enterprises are mainly dominated by thermal power, thermal power is the key industry of coal consumption, so the thermal power enterprises have a fundamental influence on the environment, and how to not affect the vital interests of power enterprises under the condition of power plant to increase the strength of governance is to solve the current problem of letter. On the basis of various types of power generation enterprise environmental cost of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and nuclear power pollutant treatment cost were described, through the analysis of emission control scheme and the cost compensation of pollutants, environmental governance cost model, using a actual plant data, calculation of various pollutants compensation cost of thermal power plant, and according to the thermal power and wind power for quantitative comparison before and after compensation.

中国式现代化背景下能源转型风险识别与应对

能源转型是实现可持续发展和环境友好的重要任务、维护国家能源安全并促进社会公平的关键举措,研究其潜在风险与应对策略具有现实意义和宏观价值。本文剖析了中国式现代化五大内涵对能源转型的本质要求,识别出以本质要求为出发点的能源转型风险,提出了相应风险的应对策略与保障机制。研究发现,中国式现代化对能源转型提出了“能源安全、环境友好、社会公平”三方面本质要求;我国能源转型在能源安全方面面临着煤炭行业安全、油气供给安全、新型电力系统运行安全风险,在环境友好方面面临着低碳技术制约发展、新能源所需关键金属矿产供给安全风险,在社会公平方面面临着社会公平失调风险,还面临着一定的金融风险。最后从能源安全风险应对、环境友好风险应对、社会公平失调风险应对、金融风险应对4个方面提出了应对策略,进而从短期优先实施、长期持续推行两个层面建立各类应对策略的保障机制。

基于碳中和新技术的美丽中国建设

碳中和技术是以减少碳排放和增加碳固定为目的,以节能、减排、增效为核心的新技术体系,主要分为三类,包括温室气体的捕集技术、温室气体的埋存技术和低碳或零碳新能源技术.将碳中和技术应用于美丽中国建设不仅可以有效推动我国能源结构的转型和科学技术的进步,还能够促进生态环境的改善和绿色经济的发展.本研究通过阐述碳中和技术相关理念和发展现状,分析了实现碳中和的有效途径,并进一步讨论了碳中和技术如何助力美丽中国建设.结果表明,目前关于碳中和技术的研究领域主要有氢能领域、电化学领域、绿色化学领域、节能技术、储能技术、废物的资源回收以及合成生物学领域.这些新能源和新技术的出现不仅能够极大地提高能源的利用效率,还能够促进绿色清洁技术的发展.此外,碳中和技术也能够减少污染物的排放,增强资源的高效利用,助力低碳能源体系的建立和促进生态文明体制的健全,从而助力美丽中国建设.

低碳城市试点政策对城市能源强度的影响机制及空间溢出效应

为科学评估我国低碳城市试点政策的节能效应,为我国推进低碳城市试点政策和加快实现节能减排目标提供经验证据和政策启示,将我国210个城市作为研究对象,运用渐进双重差分模型,并采用平行趋势检验、安慰剂、倾向得分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM)与双重差分法(difference in differences,DID)相结合等方法进行检验,以及通过排除其他政策干扰等方法检验回归结果的稳健性,深入分析低碳城市试点政策对城市能源强度的影响机制。结果表明:相对于非试点城市,试点政策使试点城市的能源强度下降了9.744%,具有显著的节能效应,同时绿色技术创新和环境治理支出在低碳城市试点政策降低城市能源强度的影响机制作用中分别发挥了40.80%和1.62%的中介效应,其中绿色技术创新的作用更加明显,而产业结构升级的调节作用则强化了低碳城市试点政策的节能效果;另外,试点政策的节能效应在东西部城市、南方城市、经济百强城市和非资源型城市更为明显;此外,试点政策对邻近城市存在负向空间溢出效应,且具有地理衰减特征,在400 km以内(含400 km)为空间溢出区域,在400 km以外空间溢出效应不再显著。

节能低碳政策对企业技术创新和污染减排的影响

本文通过构建环境规制影响企业创新选择的理论模型,揭示严格的命令-控制型环境规制能够同时产生创新补偿效应、遵循成本效应的理论机制。基于中国工业企业数据库、中国创新企业数据库以及中国工业企业污染排放数据库,以“十二五”期间政府实施“万家企业节能低碳行动”为准实验,构建双重差分模型对上述理论进行验证。研究发现,“万家企业节能低碳行动”这一节能低碳政策能够产生较为明显的“波特效应”,在降低企业污染排放的同时倒逼企业技术创新。机制检验表明,创新补偿效应大于遵循成本效应,是节能低碳政策推动企业技术创新的重要机制。异质性分析显示,与高融资约束企业和非资源型城市相比,节能低碳政策在低融资约束企业和资源型城市中更容易产生“波特效应”。拓展分析发现,伴随节能低碳政策强度由低到高,企业技术创新呈“先降—后升—再降”的倒S型特征,即存在一个“最优政策强度”区间。本文为完善节能低碳政策体系提供了来自发展中国家的理论依据与微观证据。

寒冷地区Low-E节能玻璃检测与应用技术研究

通过对Low-E节能玻璃传热系数的检测,找出影响Low-E中空玻璃传热系数K值的因素,生产企业可以根据这些因素择优制作Low-E节能玻璃。本文还给出常用玻璃与窗框配合后整窗传热系数K值,绿色建筑、超低能耗绿色建筑所用外窗的适配窗框与Low-E节能玻璃一目了然。

碳排放权交易能促进地区能源结构低碳转型吗?

基于2005—2019年30个省(市、区)的面板数据,文章采用双重差分模型评估碳排放权交易政策(以下简称为碳交易政策)对能源结构低碳转型的影响,并深入探究了其传导机制。研究发现,碳交易政策能够显著减少碳排放,并积极推动能源结构向低碳方向发展,其效果随时间逐渐显现。此外,碳交易政策还通过促进产业结构的调整,进一步推动了能源结构的低碳化。进一步研究表明,碳交易政策在不同试点地区的影响存在显著差异,其中北京、天津和重庆的政策效应明显,而其他试点省市的政策效应则相对较弱。

炼化企业低温热系统优化技术及应用

石油炼化企业低温热系统有着巨大的节能潜力,但并没有得到企业足够的重视。针对企业低温热系统存在建设、管理分散,运行经济性低等实际问题,为了满足企业降低成本、节能减耗的目的,深入剖析了现今炼化企业低温热系统优化的关键问题,提出了炼化企业低温热系统的优化技术,建立了低温热系统的全流程优化模型,开展了低温热系统的操作优化与改造优化。应用结果表明,该技术节能降碳效果显著,而且大大提升了企业低温热系统的数字化水平。

公众环境关注是否促进减污降碳协同增效?——来自居民与企业的机制考察

在减污降碳亟须协同增效的背景下,探究公众环境关注的协同减污降碳成效与增效路径,有助于以多元共治的环境治理体系建设实现人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化。基于2011—2021年中国277个地级以上城市数据,通过双向固定效应模型和两阶段最小二乘回归模型,评估公众环境关注的协同减污降碳治理成效,并验证了可能存在的作用机制。研究发现:公众环境关注显著促进了减污降碳协同治理增效,这一结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立;异质性分析发现,协同治理成效随城市规模扩大而持续削弱,资源城市的协同治理成效较非资源城市更为明显。机制分析发现,公众环境关注驱动了企业的绿色技术进步,以创新激励效应促进减污降碳协同增效;同时,公众环境关注培育了居民的绿色节能生活方式,以节能优化效应促进减污降碳协同增效。

低碳城市试点政策能否有效促进可再生能源技术创新?

低碳城市试点政策是中国促进经济社会绿色低碳发展的一项重要举措,而可再生能源技术创新是其中的关键技术路径。基于2006—2020年的城市数据,采用渐进双重差分法考察低碳试点城市对可再生能源技术创新发展的作用机制与影响差异。结果显示,低碳城市试点政策主要通过影响城市产业结构和绿色金融发展促进可再生能源技术创新发展,且对不同资源禀赋城市的可再生能源技术创新具有异质性影响。研究建议持续扩大低碳城市试点政策推行范围,促进可再生能源技术创新发展,从而推动社会绿色转型。

北京市大学生碳足迹现状及碳中和意愿研究

该文从多个维度分析北京大学生碳足迹现状,深入挖掘大学生碳中和意愿及其影响因素。通过问卷调查、深度访谈等方法对北京市高校学生衣食住行等现状和碳中和意愿进行调研,运用因子分析法基于调研数据对学生碳足迹进行计算和评估,通过Matlab、anova1函数、回归模型等对调研结果进行数据挖掘和因果关联分析,探究其相关影响因素。结果显示:在8个影响因素的基础上,20个因子能更好地刻画原始数据信息。对20个因子进行多元线性回归分析,拟合度得到显著改善。回归结果表明环保意识、碳中和态度等多个因子对低碳生活认同产生了显著影响。根据以上研究对高校碳中和提出在交通、水电、饮食及宣传方面的可行性建议。

大学生“节能低碳”意识调查与模糊综合评价——以昆明冶金高等专科学校为例

为加快建设一个“环境友好型”社会并尽快实现“双碳”目标,对于大学生的“节能低碳”意识培养变得越来越重要。以昆明冶金高等专科学校安宁校区学生为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方法对9个学院不同年级学生从“国家政策、个人意识、个人行为”三方面进行了调查;根据调查结果,利用模糊数学综合评价法对各学院学生的“节能低碳”意识进行评价。评价结果表明,学校大部分学生在心理上对“节能低碳”意识存在一定的认知,但是在日常生活中,大部分学生并不知道如何实践“节能低碳”,他们对于常见的节能低碳方法缺乏清晰的了解。并依据分析结果,从政府、学校和大学生自身层面提出了提升大学生“节能低碳”意识的对策。