Post-consumer polymeric wastes in form of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) can now be considered suitable as a precursor for the synthesis of low-cost activated carbon (AC). This study produced AC from LDPE using sulph...Post-consumer polymeric wastes in form of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) can now be considered suitable as a precursor for the synthesis of low-cost activated carbon (AC). This study produced AC from LDPE using sulphuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activating agent. The reaction conditions for pyrolysis were varied in the range of 0.50 - 2.00 M, 400<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>C - 500<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>C, and 45 - 60 minutes. Physico-chemical investigations reveal that AC yield is significantly dependent on both carbonization temperatures and time. The obtained optimum values of 446.50<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>C and 51.09 mins gave a yield of 24% for the base-activated carbon. The high iodine numbers obtained strongly indicate the presence of large surface area and pore volumes is further confirmed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis which reveals the presence of pores on the external surface of the carbons. Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FTIR) analysis further shows that the synthesized compounds are purely carbon with rich oxy-gen-surface complexes on the surface which is as a result of the introduction of the chemical oxidizing agents. The produced carbons were found to have high adsorption affinity for selected inorganic ions which are: Mn<sup>7+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. Adsorption isotherm results show the adsorption process to be favourable with the Langmuir isotherm parameter RL having values of <1, while the Freudlich adsorption model was found to perfectly fit the data at selected adsorbent dosages and adsorbate concentrations. The pseu-do-second-order model provides the best correlation for the kinetic analysis. The acid-activated carbon was found to have better adsorption capacities than the base-activated carbon.展开更多
Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted phenolic resole was prepared by a sequential processes. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface of low density polyethylene by photo-grafting. Secondly, the carbo...Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted phenolic resole was prepared by a sequential processes. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface of low density polyethylene by photo-grafting. Secondly, the carboxylic groups in poly（acrylic acid） chains were transferred to sulfonic groups by the reaction of carboxylic groups with sulfanilic acid. Finally, a thin layer of phenolic resole was cured onto the surface of low density polyethylene. The grafting process was characterized by FTIR-ATR and gravimetric analysis. A possible model was proposed to interpret the experimental results.展开更多
NOx can cause severe environmental problems such as acid rain and photochemical smog,endangering human health and the living environment.Among them,NO pollution accounts for about 95%.NO can exist stably in the air fo...NOx can cause severe environmental problems such as acid rain and photochemical smog,endangering human health and the living environment.Among them,NO pollution accounts for about 95%.NO can exist stably in the air for a long time when the concentration is lower than the ppm level.Therefore,the conversion of low concentration of NO has attracted more and more attention.However,traditional physical or chemical methods are difficult to deal with low concentration of NO,having high requirements on equipment and being not cost‐effective.Semiconductor photocatalytic technology can convert low concentration of NO into non‐toxic products and reduce its harm.This work briefly surveys the commonly used materials,modification methods,and mechanisms for semiconductor photocatalytic conversion of low concentration of NO.In addition,the challenges and prospects of ppb level of NO treatment are also discussed,aiming to promote the development of semiconductor photocatalytic conversion of NO.展开更多
The open-cell structure foams of linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE） and linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE）/multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） composites are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxid...The open-cell structure foams of linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE） and linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE）/multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） composites are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide（sc-CO2）as a foaming agent. The effects of processing parameters（foaming temperature, saturation pressure, and depressurization rate） and the addition of MWCNTs on the evolution of cell opening are studied systematically. For LLDPE foaming, the foaming temperature and saturation pressure are two key factors for preparing open-cell foams. An increase in temperature and pressure promotes both the cell wall thinning and cell rupture, because a high temperature results in a decrease in the viscosity of the polymer, and a high pressure leads to a larger amount of cell nucleation. Moreover, for the given temperature and pressure, the high pressurization rate results in a high pressure gradient, favoring cell rupture. For LLDPE/MWCNTs foaming, the addition of MWCNTs not only promotes the cell heterogeneous nucleation, but also prevents the cell collapse during cell opening, which is critical to achieve the open-cell structures with small cell size and high cell density.展开更多
文摘Post-consumer polymeric wastes in form of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) can now be considered suitable as a precursor for the synthesis of low-cost activated carbon (AC). This study produced AC from LDPE using sulphuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activating agent. The reaction conditions for pyrolysis were varied in the range of 0.50 - 2.00 M, 400<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>C - 500<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>C, and 45 - 60 minutes. Physico-chemical investigations reveal that AC yield is significantly dependent on both carbonization temperatures and time. The obtained optimum values of 446.50<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>C and 51.09 mins gave a yield of 24% for the base-activated carbon. The high iodine numbers obtained strongly indicate the presence of large surface area and pore volumes is further confirmed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis which reveals the presence of pores on the external surface of the carbons. Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FTIR) analysis further shows that the synthesized compounds are purely carbon with rich oxy-gen-surface complexes on the surface which is as a result of the introduction of the chemical oxidizing agents. The produced carbons were found to have high adsorption affinity for selected inorganic ions which are: Mn<sup>7+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. Adsorption isotherm results show the adsorption process to be favourable with the Langmuir isotherm parameter RL having values of <1, while the Freudlich adsorption model was found to perfectly fit the data at selected adsorbent dosages and adsorbate concentrations. The pseu-do-second-order model provides the best correlation for the kinetic analysis. The acid-activated carbon was found to have better adsorption capacities than the base-activated carbon.
文摘Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted phenolic resole was prepared by a sequential processes. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface of low density polyethylene by photo-grafting. Secondly, the carboxylic groups in poly（acrylic acid） chains were transferred to sulfonic groups by the reaction of carboxylic groups with sulfanilic acid. Finally, a thin layer of phenolic resole was cured onto the surface of low density polyethylene. The grafting process was characterized by FTIR-ATR and gravimetric analysis. A possible model was proposed to interpret the experimental results.
文摘NOx can cause severe environmental problems such as acid rain and photochemical smog,endangering human health and the living environment.Among them,NO pollution accounts for about 95%.NO can exist stably in the air for a long time when the concentration is lower than the ppm level.Therefore,the conversion of low concentration of NO has attracted more and more attention.However,traditional physical or chemical methods are difficult to deal with low concentration of NO,having high requirements on equipment and being not cost‐effective.Semiconductor photocatalytic technology can convert low concentration of NO into non‐toxic products and reduce its harm.This work briefly surveys the commonly used materials,modification methods,and mechanisms for semiconductor photocatalytic conversion of low concentration of NO.In addition,the challenges and prospects of ppb level of NO treatment are also discussed,aiming to promote the development of semiconductor photocatalytic conversion of NO.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21306090 and 51403110)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Nos.Y201430774 and Y201327472)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘The open-cell structure foams of linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE） and linear low-density polyethylene（LLDPE）/multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） composites are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide（sc-CO2）as a foaming agent. The effects of processing parameters（foaming temperature, saturation pressure, and depressurization rate） and the addition of MWCNTs on the evolution of cell opening are studied systematically. For LLDPE foaming, the foaming temperature and saturation pressure are two key factors for preparing open-cell foams. An increase in temperature and pressure promotes both the cell wall thinning and cell rupture, because a high temperature results in a decrease in the viscosity of the polymer, and a high pressure leads to a larger amount of cell nucleation. Moreover, for the given temperature and pressure, the high pressurization rate results in a high pressure gradient, favoring cell rupture. For LLDPE/MWCNTs foaming, the addition of MWCNTs not only promotes the cell heterogeneous nucleation, but also prevents the cell collapse during cell opening, which is critical to achieve the open-cell structures with small cell size and high cell density.
