A Disturbance Source Location Method on the Low Frequency Oscillation With Time-varying Steady-state Points

The low frequency oscillation is a serious threat to security and stability of a power grid.How to locate the disturbance source accurately is an important issue to low frequency oscillation disposal.Existing methods have poor adaptability to the low frequency oscillation with time-varying steady-state points because of the limitations in the location criterion derivation.A disturbance source location method on a low frequency oscillation with good generality is presented in the paper.Firstly,the reasons why the steady-state points are time-varying on a low frequency oscillation are analyzed.Then,based on the energy function construction form,the branch transmission energy is decomposed into state energy,reciprocating energy and dissipation energy by mathematical derivation.The flow direction of the dissipation energy shows the source and destination of the disturbance energy,and the specific location of a disturbance source can be identified according to its flow direction.Meanwhile,to meet the needs of energy calculation,a recognition method on the electrical quantities steady-state points is also presented by using the cubic spline interpolation.Simulation results show the correctness of the derivation and analysis on energy structure in the paper,and the disturbance source can be located accurately according to the dissipation energy.

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECT OF THE LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE OVER THE EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

There has been a lot of discussion about the atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and the low-frequency oscillation of atmospheric circulation.However,the research on low-frequency oscillation of heat source over TP and its impact on atmospheric circulation are not fully carried out.By using the vertically integrated apparent heat source which is calculated by the derivation method,main oscillation periods and propagation features of the summer apparent heat source over the eastern TP(Q1ETP)are diagnosed and analyzed from 1981 to 2000.The results are as follows:(1)Summer Q1ETP has two significant oscillation periods:one is 10-20d(BWO,Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation)and the other is 30-60d(LFO,Low-frequency Oscillation).(2)A significant correlation is found between Q1ETP and rainfall over the eastern TP in 1985 and 1992,showing that the low-frequency oscillation of heat source is likely to be stimulated by oscillation of latent heat.(3)The oscillation of heat source on the plateau mainly generates locally but sometimes originates from elsewhere.The BWO of Q1ETP mainly exhibits stationary wave,sometimes moves out(mainly eastward),and has a close relationship with the BWO from the Bay of Bengal.Showing the same characteristics as BWO,the LFO mainly shows local oscillation,occasionally propagates(mainly westward),and connects with the LFO from East China.In summary,more attention should be paid to the study on BWO of Q1ETP.

The Propagation of Disturbances Excited by Low-Frequency Oscillations in the Tropics

The propagation of disturbances excited by low-frequency oscillations in the tropics is investigated by applying the theory of wave packet dynamics. For simplicity, a linearized barotropic model is adopted and the zonal circulation is taken as basic current. Suppose that the disturbances or waves are superimposed on jet-like westerly basic cur-rent and excited by the forcing in the tropics. We have (1) only the eastward propagating (m>0, n>0 and σ>0) low-frequency disturbances and the stationary (σ = 0) waves can propagate into the middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere; the others, such as the westward propagating low-frequency wave (m>0, n<0, σ<0) and the high-frequency waves, are restricted only in the vicinity of source region; (2) a stationary wave (σ = 0) reaches a given latitude even more quickly than some low-frequency ones (σ>0) due to the fact that the group velocity of stationary wave is larger; (3) there is a whole wave train excited by the forcing in the tropics and extended into the middle and high latitudes, if the amplitude of the source is independent on time, especially, the low-frequency wave (σ > 0) is of travelling type propagating along the ray; (4) if the source lasts only for an interval of time, namely, its amplitude also has the character of low-frequency oscillation, the excited wave train is not always a whole one, but is restricted in the vicinity of source region in the beginning, extended from the source region to the middle and high latitudes in its saturated stage, after that it gradually becomes weaker and weaker and is detectable only in some area at high latitude, and eventually disappears. Undoubtedly, case (4) is closer to the reality, even though case (3) gives a more impressive wavy pattern.

The Low-Frequency Oscillation Restrain Method Research of Converter-Fed Multi-Phase Induction Motor Propulsion system

The inverter-fed induction motor drive system may become unstable at low frequencies and light load, and phase current and speed of the induction motor may oscillate periodically, which will threaten safety and reliability of the system. This paper chooses nine-phase induction motor simulated propulsion system as the research object, small disturbance model of three-phase induction motor is built, and average equivalent model of the converter is built by introducing switch function. On the basis above, small disturbance mathematic model of the whole system is obtained. As for the limitation of parameters adjustment method of restrain low-frequency oscillation, the restrain method combining current close-loop with dead-time compensation is put forward. Finally, the proposed restrain method is verified respectively on the built simulation and experimental analogue platform. And the simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed method can not only satisfy the requirement of low-frequency oscillation restraining, but also be expanded widely, and the stability of the system can get improved greatly.

Analysis of Low Frequency Oscillation and Source Location in Power Systems

The major problem in current online diagnosis and analysis for power system oscillation is mainly concerned with finding the oscillation source in a fast and correct way using the data collected by the Wide Area Measurement System(WAMS).This paper for the first time proposes a scheme of cut set energy based on WAMS.Independent of accurate parameters,the scheme can make full use of WAMS data based on cut set energy construction and fast calculation to locate the source during oscillation.Afterwards,a scheme of torque decomposition is proposed,based on which the controller’s torque can be divided into damping torque and synchronous torque by calculation through WAMS data,and this paper puts forward the abnormal response and simulation models calibration of influential controllers.Analysis of an oscillation case shows how the cut set energy scheme and the torque decomposition scheme are applied in a real-world power system,and the schemes are proven to be reliable and practical in identifying and locating oscillation sources.

基于UBSS算法的电力系统低频振荡辨识方法

低频振荡监测和分析对电力系统故障诊断和电网恢复至关重要。该文提出一种基于欠定盲源分离原理的低频振荡模式辨识方法,包括欠定盲源分离(underdetermined blind source separation,UBSS)和希尔伯特变换(Hilbert transform,HT)。首次系统地提出并论证含欠定盲源分离、模式定阶和振荡参数的辨识方法。提出的UBSS-HT方法利用能量比函数确定故障时刻,利用贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)实现模式定阶,阐述维度空间理论,论证构建虚拟多通道的可行性,通过盲源分离来实现源信号分离,最后通过HT在希尔伯特空间来辨识振荡参数。通过大量的系统建模仿真和现场录波数据试验评估所提方法的性能,验证该方法的有效性、准确性和抗干扰能力。

Measurement-based solution for low frequency oscillation analysis

This paper presents a measurement-based solution for low frequency oscillation(LFO) analysis in both real time monitoring and off-line case study. An online LFO property discrimination method is developed first,which alternately uses empirical mode decomposition(EMD)/Hilbert transform(HT) and square calculation to process the measurement data. The method magnifies the variation trend of oscillating variables to accurately discriminate the property of the oscillation. Subsequently, an oscillation source locating method for the forced oscillation(FO) and a strongly correlated generator identification method for the weak damping oscillation(WDO) are proposed. Finally, numerical study results on a test system of the isolated Changdu grid in Tibet validate the proposed methods.

电力系统强迫功率振荡扰动源的对比分析

电力系统中持续周期性小扰动由于共振可能引起联络线的大幅度强迫功率振荡,扰动源很难发现和捕捉。文中以两机等值系统模型为基础,在机理上研究了原动机功率与负荷两者持续周期性小扰动所造成电网功率振荡的区别,阐述了2种扰动源的不同性质。基于MATLAB对两者引起的电网强迫功率振荡进行了时域仿真分析。结果表明:相同幅值和频率情况下,原动机功率扰动比负荷扰动所引起的电网功率振荡幅值更大,接近其理论放大倍数。原动机功率扰动引起电网强迫功率振荡的可能性更大。该研究结果对理解目前电力系统存在的低频振荡现象具有一定的参考价值。

基于能量函数的电网低频振荡及扰动源定位研究

由于电力系统稳定器在实际电网中的广泛配置,常规的离线小干扰计算分析已经难以得到负阻尼或弱阻尼的低频振荡模式。然而,实际系统中仍然频繁出现低频振荡现象,根据对大量事故的分析,发现多重扰动的发生以及周期性扰动源的存在都可能引发低频振荡。构造了基于联络线的能量函数,并将能量分解为振荡分量和准稳态分量,从而对多重扰动引起的系统低频振荡进行分析,以提供可供调度人员参考的动态安全信息;并将传统的支路势能分解为周期分量和非周期分量,利用非周期分量在网络中传播耗散的方向来实现周期性强迫扰动源的快速、准确定位。实际电网仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。

大规模电网中低频振荡扰动源的定位方法

由于中国电网规模庞大,低频振荡现象时有发生,如何快速确定低频振荡扰动源并及时将其切除,对保障电网的安全稳定运行意义重大。当电网中发生低频振荡时,根据传播到电网中不同位置的特殊形状扰动行波具有的相似性特点,提出一种比较多点测量数据波形相似度以确定低频振荡扰动源位置的定位方法,针对在电网中不同地点一段时间内同时采样的电压数据,利用希尔波特(Hilbert)变换提取各采样点的电压扰动变量并将其传送至监控单元,在监控单元利用定义的顺序相似度函数提取扰动行波通过各相邻采样点间的时差和先后次序,利用各采样点间已知的线路长度计算波速并确定低频振荡扰动源的位置。通过一个7机无穷大系统模型的仿真分析,验证该方法的正确性和准确性。理论分析和仿真结果表明:该方法能够快速确定电网中低频扰动源的位置;而且所需的采样测量单元数量少,能够节省大量投资。

基于能量函数的强迫功率振荡扰动源定位

持续的周期性小扰动会引发电力系统强迫功率振荡,其共振时的稳态表现形式与系统弱阻尼自由振荡非常相似。文中基于线性化的系统运动方程建立能量函数,分析了强迫功率振荡共振稳态时线性化系统中的能量转换特性,从能量变化的角度阐述了强迫功率振荡与系统弱阻尼自由振荡的区别。通过对2机系统的分析,阐述了借助系统中的能量转换特性识别强迫功率振荡扰动源所在位置的基本原理。基于结构保留的多机系统,将能量函数推广到关键支路和节点,以借助网络动态信息在线识别强迫功率振荡扰动源的大致方向或位置。4机2区系统和新英格兰10机39节点系统的仿真算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性。

电力系统一次调频过程的超低频振荡分析

实际系统中多次发生一次调频过程不稳定导致的超低频频率振荡事件,在机理和表现上与传统的低频振荡存在显著区别。超低频频率振荡属于频率稳定的范畴,单机单负荷系统是研究该问题的最简系统。基于单机单负荷系统研究了超低频频率振荡的振荡频率、阻尼、振荡表现等关键特征。解析推导了简化模型下的振荡频率和阻尼并分析其影响因素。引入伯德图方法分析详细模型下的振荡频率和阻尼,幅值交接频率、相角裕度分别与振荡频率、阻尼比对应。证明了阻尼转矩法在分析原动系统阻尼特性时的适用性。采用相量图方法说明超低频频率振荡中机械功率的振荡幅度大于电磁功率。

基于参数辨识的强迫功率振荡扰动源定位方法

基于对广域测量系统量测数据参数的辨识,提出一种实现电网强迫功率振荡扰动源位置判断的方法。根据强迫振荡的能量函数,推导出基于参数辨识的扰动源定位方法,并根据理论分析指出该方法能够适用于振荡的稳态和瞬态阶段。通过对实际振荡案例分析,验证了所述方法的正确性和可行性。理论和实际分析结果表明,该方法能够快速判断强迫功率振荡扰动源的位置,易于实现在线计算。

基于振荡能量的低频振荡分析与振荡源定位(二)振荡源定位方法与算例

系统的总能量与振幅对应,产生能量的元件对振荡衰减的贡献为负,可认为是振荡源。负阻尼发电机以及外施周期性扰动所在元件都会产生能量,文中推导了发电机上外施扰动产生能量的表达式。根据网络中的能量流,找到产生振荡能量的能量源,能量源就是振荡源。在振荡源处采取控制措施可有效抑制振荡。在分析网络中的能量源以及能量流动的基础上,提出了利用电网中的振荡能量流定位振荡源的方法。该方法只需要广域测量信息,可在线应用。仿真结果以及实际电网振荡事故分析的结果验证了该方法的有效性。

Prony和HHT算法在低频振荡在线辨识中的适用性比较

Prony算法和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)算法是目前实际应用于低频振荡信号辨识的两种算法。Prony算法对于无噪声干扰的平稳信号的分辨率和准确性较高。HHT算法具有时频分析和滤除高频分量的能力,抗噪声性能好,计算速度快,并可以分析主导模式随时间改变的非平稳信号。从准确性、稳定性、完备性、快速性四个方面比较了两种算法在低频振荡在线辨识中的适用性,指出增加前置滤波环节的Prony算法可以满足低频振荡在线监测的要求,而实现强迫振荡扰动源定位则必须采用可进行时频分析的HHT算法。通过实际算例验证了两种算法的适用性。

周期性负荷扰动引发强迫功率振荡分析

周期性负荷扰动会引发电力系统强迫功率振荡。文中基于单机无穷大系统和2机系统分析,解释了周期性负荷扰动引发强迫功率振荡的机理。通过对多机系统模态分析的推导,获得了节点负荷功率扰动对系统固有振荡模式的影响因子,分析了周期性负荷扰动引发强迫功率振荡的主要影响因素。最后,通过4机2区系统和新英格兰10机39节点系统的仿真分析,有助于更好地理解周期性负荷扰动引发的强迫功率振荡。

多机系统超低频振荡分析与等值方法

实际电力系统中多次发生的超低频频率振荡在振荡形式及机理上与低频振荡存在显著区别。在多机系统中对超低频频率振荡问题进行了分析。超低频频率振荡中,所有发电机转速同调变化,系统频率整体振荡。提出一种适用于超低频频率振荡分析的系统等值方法,将多机系统等值为单机单负荷系统进行分析,提高计算效率。各发电机原动系统的阻尼转矩相互解耦,和电磁功率中的阻尼转矩加和后共同影响系统阻尼比。研究结果可为实际系统超低频频率振荡的分析与控制提供指导。

弱互联大区电网联络线功率振荡研究

以华中华北两大电网特高压互联为大背景,研究大扰动(跳机、直流闭锁)下弱互联系统联络线有功功率波动峰值问题。结合实际振荡过程分析了联络线功率波动的特点。通过两机系统模型对联络线功率波动最大值进行了理论推导,分析了影响联络线功率波动峰值的相关因素。指出波动峰值与联络线两侧系统电磁功率突变量的差值成正比,与故障侧系统和对侧系统转动惯量的比值成反比。由于系统电磁功率突变量的差值与故障位置紧密相关,实际系统中故障地点距离联络线落点越近转移比越小。采用华中华北联网系统作为算例对相关结论进行了验证。

基于WAMS的电力系统功率振荡分析与振荡源定位(1)割集能量法

目前,电力系统低频振荡诊断与分析中面临的主要困难是如何利用有限的广域量测系统(wide area measurementsystem,WAMS)数据快速准确的识别振荡源。针对此问题,提出一种基于WAMS信息构建电网割集计算振荡能量的实用方案。首先定义了割集振荡能量的概念与计算方法,并提出基于关键线路的WAMS动态信息可构建不同层次的网络割集,其中振荡能量流出的割集即可判断为振荡源。最后,通过在实际电网中仿真和对三峡电厂某次振荡实例的分析,验证了该方法的有效性。案例分析结果表明,割集能量的方法可以最大限度地利用WAMS信息,直观快速地显现电网振荡时的特征,摆脱对元件参数精确性的依赖,快速定位振荡区域,有效识别振荡源。

电网中强迫共振型低频振荡源的自动确定方法

针对广域测量系统采集的有效值数据难以准确反映电网动态特征的缺陷,提出了一种新型采集数据方式。根据低频振荡扰动行波在电网中传播的特点,利用多点测量数据波形相关函数来确定低频振荡扰动源位置,具体作法是:位于电网中不同地点的测量单元将测得的每周期内电压最大值及其对应时刻的数据发送到电网监控中心;在监控中心利用Hermite函数提取各测点的低频振荡扰动变量,利用定义的顺序相关函数提取低频振荡扰动行波通过各相邻测点间的时差和先后次序;利用各测点间已知的线路长度计算扰动行波波速并确定低频振荡扰动源的位置。通过一个7机无穷大系统模型的仿真分析,验证了该方法的正确性。理论分析和仿真结果表明:该方法能够快速确定电网中低频扰动源的位置;而且所需的采样测量单元数量少,能够节省投资。