Blood flow restriction in human skeletal muscle during rest periods after high-load resistance training down-regulates miR-206 and induces Pax7

Backgroud:Blood flow re striction(BFR) with low-intensity re sistance training has been shown to result in hypertrophy of skeletal muscle.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that BFR during the rest periods between acute,high-intensity resistance exercise sessions(70% of 1 repetition maximum,7 sets with 10 repetitions) enhances the effects of the resistance training.Methods:A total of 7 healthy young men performed squats,and between sets BFR was carried out on one leg while the other leg served as a control.Because BFR was applied during rest periods,even severe occlusion pressure(approximately 230 mmHg),which almost completely blocked blood flow,was well-tolerated by the participants.Five muscle-specific microRNAs were measured from the biopsy samples,which were taken 2 h after the acute training.Results:Doppler data showed that the pattern of blood flow recovery changed significantly between the first and last BFR.microRNA-206 levels significantly decreased in the BFR leg compared to the control.The mRNA levels of RAC-β serine/threonine-protein kinase v22,nuclear re spiratory factor 1,vascular endothelial growth factor,lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70 genes(p <0.05),and paired box 7(p <0.01) increased in the BFR leg.The protein levels of paired box 7,nuclear respiratory factor 1,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y coactivator 1α did not differ between the BFR leg and the control leg.Conclusion:BFR,during the rest periods of high-load resistance training,could lead to mRNA elevation of those proteins that regulate angiogenesis,mitochondrial biogenesis,and muscle hypertrophy and repair.However,BFR also can cause DNA damage,judging from the increase in mRNA levels of lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70.

Blood flow restriction training improves the efficacy of routine intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability

As a new means of rehabilitation,blood flow restriction training(BFRT)is widely used in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation.To observe whether BFRT can improve the efficacy of routine rehabilitation intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).Twenty-three patients with CAI were randomly divided into a routine rehabilitation group(RR Group)and a routine rehabilitationþblood flow restriction training group(RRþBFRT Group)according to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool(CAIT)score.The RR Group was treated with routine rehabilitation means for intervention,and the RRþBFRT Group was treated with a tourniquet to restrict lower limb blood flow for rehabilitation training based on routine training.Before and after the intervention,the CAIT score on the affected side,standing time on one leg with eyes closed,comprehensive scores of the Y-balance test,and surface electromyography data of tibialis anterior(TA)and peroneus longus(PL)were collected to evaluate the recovery of the subjects.Patients were followed up 1 year after the intervention.After 4 weeks of intervention,the RRþBFRT Group CAIT score was significantly higher than the RR Group(19.33 VS 16.73,p<0.05),the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed and the comprehensive score of Y-balance were improved,but there was no statistical difference between groups(p>0.05).RRþBFRT Group increased the muscle activation of the TA with maximum exertion of the ankle dorsal extensor(p<0.05)and had no significant change in the muscle activation of the PL with maximum exertion of the ankle valgus(p>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of resprains within 1 year between the groups(36.36%VS 16.67%,p>0.05).The incidence of ankle pain in the RRþBFRT Group was lower than that in the RR Group(63.64%VS 9.09%,p<0.01).Therefore,four-weeks BFRT improves the effect of the routine intervention,and BFRT-related interventions are recommended for CAI patients with severe ankle muscle mass impairment or severe pain.

Comparison of blood flow restriction training and conventional resistance training for the improvement of sarcopenia in the older adults:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Age-related sarcopenia places a tremendous burden on healthcare providers and patients'families.Blood flow restriction(BFR)training may be a promising treatment to bring sarcopenia down,and it offers numerous advantages over traditional resistance training.The purpose of this review was to compare the effects of BFR training and conventional resistance training on clinically delayed sarcopenia in the elderly.Databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Science Direct were searched to identify eligible studies;blinded data extraction was performed to assess study quality,and conflicts were submitted to third parties.Someone made the decision.One author used Review Manager(RevMan)5.4 and compared it with data obtained by another author for this purpose.A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.The funnel plots of the studies did not show any substantial publication bias.Low-load blood flow restriction(LL-BFR)had no significant effect on muscle mass compared with high-load resistance training(HL-RT)(p=0.74,SMD=0.07,95%CI:0.33 to 0.46)and LL-BFR had a significant effect on muscle strength compared with HL-RT(p=0.03,Z=2.16,SMD=-0.34,95%CI:0.65 to-0.03).LL-BFR showed a slight effect on mass compared to LL-RT(p=0.26,SMD=0.25,95%CI:0.19 to 0.69).Sensitivity analysis produced a nonsignificant change,suggesting that the results of this study are reasonable.In conclusion,the data suggest the possibility that BFR training improves age-related sarcopenia.

Chronic hemodynamic adaptations induced by resistance training with and without blood flow restriction in adults:A systematic review and meta-analysis

The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature were to examine the chronic effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction(RT-BFR)on hemodynamics,and to compare these adaptations to those induced by traditional resistance training(TRT)programs in adults(PROSPERO:Registry:CRD42022339510).A literature search was conducted across PubMed,Sports Discus,Scielo,and Web of Science databases.Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and blood pressure measures.Risk of bias(The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials[RoB-2]),and the certainty of the evidence(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation[GRADE])were used.A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria for systolic(SBP),diastolic(DBP),and mean arterial pressure(MAP).Regarding the comparison of RT-BFR vs.non-exercise,no significant differences favoring the exercise group were observed(p>0.05).However,when compared to TRT,RT-BFR elicited additional improvements on DBP(-3.35;95%CI-6.00 to-0.71;I^(2)=14%;z=-2.48,p=0.01),and on MAP(-3.96;95%CI-7.94 to 0.02;I^(2)=43%;z=-1.95,p=0.05).Results indicate that RT-BFR may elicit a decrease in DBP in comparison with TRT,but the lack of data addressing this topic makes any conclusion speculative.Future research on this topic is warranted.

Time to consider the potential role of alternative resistance training methods in cancer management?

Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer.Exercise improves health-related outcomes,including quality of life,neuromuscular strength,physical function,and body composition,and it is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence and increased survival.Moreover,exercise during or post cancer treatments is safe,can ameliorate treatment-related side effects,and may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.To date,traditional resistance training(RT)is the most used RT modality in exercise oncology.However,alternative training modes,such as eccentric,cluster set,and blood flow restriction are gaining increased attention.These training modalities have been extensively investigated in both athletic and clinical populations(e.g.,age-related frailty,cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes),showing considerable benefits in terms of neuromuscular strength,hypertrophy,body composition,and physical function.However,these training modes have only been partially or not at all investigated in cancer populations.Thus,this study outlines the benefits of these alternative RT methods in patients with cancer.Where evidence in cancer populations is sparse,we provide a robust rationale for the possible implementation of certain RT methods that have shown positive results in other clinical populations.Finally,we provide clinical insights for research that may guide future RT investigations in patients with cancer and suggest clear practical applications for targeted cancer populations and related benefits.

Blood flow restriction during the resting periods of high-intensity resistance training does not alter performance but decreases MIR-1 and MIR-133A levels in human skeletal muscle

Blood flow restriction(BFR)during exercise bouts has been used to induce hypertrophy of skeletal muscle,even with low loads.However,the effects of BFR during the rest periods between sets are not known.We have tested the hypothesis that BFR during rest periods between sets of high-intensity resistance training would enhance performance.Twenty-two young adult male university students were recruited for the current study,with n=11 assigned to BFR and n=11 to a control group.The results revealed that four weeks training at 70%of 1 RM,five sets and 10 repetitions,three times a week with and without BFR,resulted in similar progress in maximal strength and in the number of maximal repetitions.The miR-1 and miR-133a decreased significantly in the vastus lateralis muscle of BFR group compared to the group without BFR,while no significant differences in the levels of miR133b,miR206,miR486,and miR499 were found between groups.In conclusion,it seems that BFR restrictions during rest periods of high-intensity resistance training,do not provide benefit for enhanced performance after a four-week training program.However,BFR-induced downregulation of miR-1 and miR-133a might cause different adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to high intensity resistance training.

自由跤运动员专项训练时的血流限制对其肌肉力量和形态的影响

目的:探讨4周自由跤专项训练时,血流限制对女子自由跤运动员肌肉力量以及身体成分、肢体围度、肌肉厚度的影响。方法:将20名专项训练经历在5年以上的北京队一线女子自由跤运动员随机分为加压组和对照组。两组受试者使用相同的专项训练内容,加压组训练时在上肢或下肢佩戴加压带进行血流限制。比较两组受试者4周训练前后肌肉力量以及身体成分、肢体围度和肌肉厚度的变化。结果:4周训练后,1)与训练前相比,加压组和对照组的身体成分均无显著性变化(P>0.05),但加压组出现骨骼肌量增加、脂肪量减少的趋势,加压组体重增加了0.57%,骨骼肌量增加了4.10%,脂肪量下降了1.48%;2)与训练前相比,加压组右上臂紧张围增加(P<0.05),其余围度指标均无显著性变化(P>0.05),加压组上臂围度增加幅度大于对照组;3)与训练前相比,加压组放松状态下的肱二头肌厚度、放松和紧张状态下的大腿前侧肌肉厚度增加(P<0.05),且放松状态下的肱二头肌和大腿前侧肌肉厚度增加幅度较大(26.59%和22.36%);训练后,加压组放松状态下的肱二头肌厚度、放松和紧张状态下的大腿前侧肌肉厚度高于对照组(P<0.05);4)与训练前相比,加压组左膝屈和右膝伸峰值力矩增加(P<0.05),且加压组增加幅度(6.00%和8.87%)大于对照组(5.42%和0.00%);5)与训练前相比,加压组深蹲、卧推、卧拉的最大静力增加(P<0.05);训练后,加压组的卧推最大静力(70.63 kg)显著高于对照组(51.07 kg)(P<0.05),且加压组提升幅度(9.45%)高于对照组(0.46%)。结论:4周自由跤专项训练结合血流限制干预,在保持运动员体重的同时,提高了上下肢主要肌肉的体积,提高了深蹲、卧推和卧拉等的最大力量和局部关节力量,效果优于传统专项训练。

血流限制训练对肩袖损伤术后患者康复效果观察

目的探讨血流限制训练在肩袖损伤术后患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年6至2023年6月聊城市第二人民医院收治的140例肩袖损伤术后的患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组70例。对照组患者接受骨科术后常规护理,观察组患者在对照组基础上实施血流限制训练,采用UCLA肩关节功能评分、肩关节活动度、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)评分和SF-36健康状况量表比较两组干预4周和8周后的康复效果。结果重复测量方差分析结果显示,两组患者干预前的各项评价指标均有所改善。干预结束后,观察组患者UCLA肩关节功能评分、肩关节前屈、外展、外旋和内旋活动度和生活质量评分均较干预前明显增加(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.001);两组患者VAS得分均低于干预前,观察组患者VAS得分均低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论血流限制训练可提高肩袖损伤患者术后关节活动度,减轻术后疼痛,并改善其生活质量,为此类患者的康复治疗提供新的思路。

不同收缩方式的血流限制训练对膝关节骨性关节炎患者股内侧肌功能及形态学的影响观察

目的观察不同收缩方式的血流限制(BFR)训练对膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者股内侧肌(VMO)功能及形态学的影响。方法招募2021年6月至2023年6月昆明市中医医院收治的KOA患者108例,采用随机数字表法将其分为A观察组、B观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组采用VMO等张收缩训练,A观察组采用VMO等长收缩结合BFR训练,B观察组采用VMO等张收缩结合BFR训练。比较三组治疗前后视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、大腿围度、VMO厚度以及VMO肌电值[包括均方根(RMS)值和积分肌电(iEMG)值]。结果在治疗3周后,三组左膝及右膝VAS评分与治疗前相比均显著降低(P<0.05),左、右大腿围度、VMO厚度、iEMG值和RMS值与治疗前相比均显著上升(P<0.05),且B观察组和A观察组的指标改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05),以B观察组指标改善更显著(P<0.05)。结论BFR训练能有效改善KOA患者的关节疼痛,增加VMO厚度和大腿围度。在低负荷BFR条件下,等张收缩训练的康复治疗效果优于等长收缩训练。

血流限制训练对上肢肌肉适能效益的影响

背景:血流限制训练在提高肢体肌肉力量方面有广阔的应用前景,其中上肢应用血流限制训练的效果较为理想,且具体应用方案具有较高的研究价值。目的:阐述血流限制训练对上肢肌肉适能效益的影响,总结上肢应用血流限制训练的具体方案,试图依据现有研究给出应用方案的建议。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、CBM、PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、Cochrane Library及Web of Science数据库中发表的上肢应用血流限制训练的相关文献,中文检索词为“血流限制,血流限制训练,加压训练,上肢,上臂,前臂,手臂,小臂”,英文检索词为“Blood Flow Restriction Training,Blood Flow Restriction Exercise,Blood Flow Restriction Therapy,BFR Therapy,Occlusion training,KAATSU training,BFRT,Upper Extremity,Upper Limb,Arm,Forearm”。选择各数据库建库至2022年12月收录的上肢应用血流限制训练的相关文章,并根据纳入标准和排除标准对所得文献进行筛选。结果与结论:①目前血流限制训练在上肢应用的人群以健康人、专项运动员和上肢损伤人群为主;②血流限制训练对上肢肌肉适能的影响主要体现在增加上肢的肢体围度、肌肉的力量、肌肉耐力、肌肉厚度、肌肉横截面积以及上肢爆发力,其次是引起上肢出现交叉迁移现象;③上肢应用血流限制训练多使用充气型的血流限制装置,袖带宽度为3-5 cm,加压位置在大臂上1/3处,限制压力为40%-60%动脉闭塞压(AOP)或80-160 mmHg,训练负荷为20%-30%1RM,训练量为4组(30-15-15-15次),间歇时间为30-60 s,训练频率为每周两三次。

血流限制训练干预老年肌少症:生物学机制和应用方案建议

背景:肌少症是一种慢性病,会导致力量丧失和功能下降,增加老年人虚弱、残疾、跌倒和死亡风险。血流限制训练可以有效治疗肌少症,但还缺乏对其优缺点、生物学机制和应用方案的全面回顾。目的:通过回顾血流限制训练干预肌少症的优势、局限性和生物学机制,并基于当前已发表的证据给予应用方案建议。方法:检索各大数据库建库至2023年2月发表的文献。英文检索词:blood flow restriction training、KAATSU、elderly、sarcopenia、muscle等;中文检索词:血流限制训练、加压训练、老年人、肌少症和肌肉等。对纳入的82篇文献进行整理和分析。结果与结论:①血流限制训练作为干预肌少症的一种方法,在外周肌群中有一定的效果,但其应用范围存在局限性,血流限制训练具备较高的可操作性和安全性,并能够提高肌肉力量和身体表现,但血流限制训练亦存在潜在风险,尤其证据报告了其对骨骼肌、心血管和内皮细胞等的不良事件,故需在科学指导下进行,并需进一步研究验证其对肌少症患者的效果。②血流限制训练干预肌少症的生物学机制可能包括:增加肌肉反应性充血导致肌肉肥大、改善肌肉蛋白合成能力、诱导代谢应激适应、促进骨骼肌生长和修复、激活血管内皮生长因子信号通路促进血管生成、促进卫星细胞增殖,但这些机制的具体作用和联合作用需要更深入的研究来确定。③血流限制训练干预肌少症主要受训练和袖带的影响,为避免出现不良事件,建议训练负荷20%-50%1RM,重复次数20-75次,训练频率每周两三次,组间间隔30-60 s,上肢训练使用较小尺寸的袖带且加压值≤140 mmHg,下肢训练使用较大尺寸的袖带且加压值≤180 mmHg,通常选择完全闭塞动脉血流压力值的50%-80%,但老年人血流限制训练频度和组间间隔的研究还需更多探讨,同时袖带加压值的最适选择亦需要进一步研究。

血流限制下低强度增强式跳跃训练干预功能性踝关节不稳的效果

目的 探讨血流限制下低强度增强式跳跃训练(LI-PJT+BFR)对功能性踝关节不稳(FAI)大学生的下肢动态姿势控制的影响。方法 2023年3月至5月,招募西安体育学院FAI大学生40例,随机分为高强度增强式跳跃训练(HI-PJT, n=14)组、低强度增强式跳跃训练(LI-PJT, n=13)组和LI-PJT+BFR组(n=13),各组完成相应的干预训练,共6周。干预前后,采用无线遥感表面肌电测试仪测量胫骨前肌、腓骨长肌、腓肠肌外侧头、臀大肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌和半腱肌最大自主等长收缩(MVIC)和单腿下落(SLL)时肌电均方根值(RMS),采用Y平衡和坎伯兰踝关节不稳问卷(CAIT)进行评定。结果 干预后,除LI-PJT组腓骨长肌、臀大肌、股二头肌和半腱肌MVIC和RMS,LI-PJT+BFR组腓骨长肌RMS外,各组其余肌肉MVIC和RMS均较干预前提高(t> 2.218, P <0.05);3组中,除腓骨长肌外,LIPJT组各肌肉MVIC和RMS均最低(F> 3.262, P <0.05);各组Y平衡各方向评分和综合分均提高(t> 2.485,P <0.05),3组中LI-PJT组最低(F> 5.042, P <0.05);各组CAIT评分显著改善(t> 5.227, P <0.001),3组中LI-PJT组最低(F=4.640, P <0.05)。结论 LI-PJT+BFR可改善功能恢复期FAI大学生下肢动态姿势控制能力,效果与HI-PJT相似。

血流限制下耐力训练对有氧能力和下肢肌力及运动表现影响的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析方法系统评价血流限制下耐力训练对运动员有氧能力、下肢肌力和运动表现的影响。方法:截至2023年3月,在CNKI、维普、万方及PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Science Direct、Cochrane数据库中检索文献,得到3210篇文献,筛选后共纳入12篇文献,共14份研究报告。使用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 14软件进行Meta分析。结果:血流限制下耐力训练对运动员最大摄氧量具有中等效应(SMD=0.59,95%CI:0.28-0.90,P<0.05)且无异质性。持续加压类型的效果要优于其他加压类型(P<0.05);训练内容采用有氧耐力练习较无氧速耐练习效果更优(P<0.05);4-8周、每周3次及以上、20-30 min/次以及总训练次数12次以上效果更好。其次,血流限制下耐力训练对下肢肌力具有大效应(SMD=0.99,95%CI:0.61-1.37,P<0.05)且无异质性,亚组分析结果显示肌肉耐力提升效果最好(SMD=1.11;95%CI:0.37-1.85),其次为伸膝力量(SMD=1.02,95%CI:0.37-1.67)、屈膝力量(SMD=0.87,95%CI:0.24-1.51)。最后,血流限制下耐力训练对运动表现具有中等效应(SMD=0.59,95%CI:0.13-1.06,P<0.05),亚组分析结果显示跑步表现(SMD=0.55,95%CI:0.05-1.06,P<0.05)且无异质性,足球专项运动表现仅1项,未合并分析。结论:血流限制下耐力训练可以提高运动员有氧能力、下肢肌力和运动表现,其中下肢肌力达到大效应,有氧能力和运动表现为中等效应。采用持续性加压且不低于4周,3次/周,20-30 min/次,总次数12次以上的渐进式混合强度有氧耐力练习的训练安排,易于获得更佳的训练效果。

血流限制训练在临床康复医学中的应用趋势

背景:血流限制训练在临床康复中的应用越来越普遍,这在一定程度上要归功于技术进步以及研究和医学界兴趣的提高。目的:旨在探讨临床康复相关血流限制训练应用的全球趋势和发展的全面图景,确定研究差距,并提出未来研究的方向。方法:以Web of Science、PubMed和Elsevier数据库为文献数据来源,以2001-2022年血流限制训练在临床康复相关的515篇文献为研究样本,运用文献计量、探索性因子分析、聚类分析相结合的方法,揭示其新兴的研究领域和主题。结果与结论:首先,发文量整体研究趋势呈稳定上升,美国是该领域主要研究地区,高校对期刊贡献最大。其次,已形成以Loenneke JP、Abe T和Dankel SJ等人为首的核心作者群,高产作者间合作较少。最后,血流限制训练与骨骼肌肉康复、认知功能活动、慢性疾病康复研究是血流限制训练在临床康复应用的研究主题,尤其关注血流限制对前交叉重建术后肌肉萎缩、膝盖疼痛、积水等症状的康复研究。低压血流限制有效缓解骨骼肌肉症状理论研究近几年中热度较高,系统指导临床中骨骼肌肉康复患者人群。未来临床医生应延长随访期、登记更大和更多样的样本量以及使用随机技术来确定康复患者的适当处方适应证,确保临床安全性,定量分析针对不同临床人群制定和完善最小有效剂量发挥最大效应的康复训练方案。

血流限制训练对前交叉韧带重建患者膝关节功能恢复的Meta分析

目的:系统评价血流限制训练对前交叉韧带重建术后康复的临床疗效,以期为临床实践提供参考依据。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO等数据库,搜集国内外有关血流限制训练干预前交叉韧带重建术后康复的随机对照试验,检索时限均从各数据库建库至2022-08-10。结局指标包括膝关节肌力、膝关节周围肌肉量及膝关节功能评价,均为连续性变量。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并使用PEDro量表、Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具进行纳入研究的偏倚风险评价,然后采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入9篇文献,包括226例受试者,其中试验组114例,对照组112例。Meta分析结果显示,血流限制训练组与常规抗阻训练组相比,可以显著改善患者膝关节肌力[SMD=0.54,95%CI(0.29,0.79),P<0.01]、肌肉量[SMD=0.26,95%CI(0.06,0.46),P=0.01]及膝关节功能[SMD=1.17,95%CI(0.53,1.80),P<0.01];亚组分析显示,仅当干预时间>4周时,膝关节肌力[SMD=0.68,95%CI(0.38,0.97),P<0.01]与肌肉量[SMD=0.38,95%CI(0.09,0.68),P=0.01]出现显著性改善。结论:当前的证据表明,血流限制训练可以改善前交叉韧带重建术后患者肌力及膝关节功能,减少肌肉萎缩,并建议术后干预时间达到4周以上以获得更好的肌力与肌肉量改善效果。

血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标影响的Meta分析

目的:通过收集血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练的相关文献,依照系统评价和Meta分析的范式,分析血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标和专项能力的不同影响,旨在为运动者在训练实践中运用血流限制训练提供数据支持。方法:检索中外数据库(中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science和SPORTDiscus),应用血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对对象为运动者中大学生运动者肢体围度、肌肉质量、肌肉力量和专项运动能力影响的随机对照试验,检索起止时间为2000-01-01/2023-10-12。至少2名研究者采用Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具和标准对纳入文献进行质量评价。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行异质性检验、数据合并、亚组分析、绘制森林图和敏感性分析,绘制漏斗图并进行发表偏倚评价和敏感性分析。评价指标为肢体围度、肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力等,对不同专项运动能力进行亚组分析。结果:①共纳入18项随机对照试验,共403例受试者,根据Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具,纳入文献中文献质量为A级的有16篇,B级有2篇。②将血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练之间的效果进行对比,在肢体围度方面,两组间无显著性差异(SMD=0.03,95%CI:-0.16-0.21,P=0.78);在肌肉厚度方面(SMD=0.14,95%CI:0.01-0.27,P=0.03)及肌肉力量方面(SMD=0.37,95%CI:0.14-0.60,P=0.001)两组间有显著性差异。③对专项能力指标进行亚组分析结果显示,距离指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=73%),时间指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=55%),分析可能原因是各研究的测试方法及评估指标意义的不同导致;功率指标的分析结果显示无异质性(I2=0%);血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对距离指标具有显著影响(P<0.01)。④合并效应结果显示,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练比较抗阻训练对于专项能力的影响(P=0.41),提示不同训练方法对于专项能力不存在显著性影响。结论:①两种训练方法均能够促进大学生运动者的肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练相较于抗阻训练在促进运动员肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和部分专项能力方面具有显著性效果。因此,可以在专项训练之中科学合理地融合血流限制训练法,以差异性的生理刺激综合作用于肌肉,以取得更好的训练效果。②然而,由于纳入的研究数量较少,以及其他可能存在的局限性,今后需要纳入更多的高质量、多项目类型和性别的随机对照试验来证实。

血流限制抗阻训练通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路减轻2型糖尿病大鼠肾纤维化

目的:探究血流限制抗阻训练对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠肾纤维化的影响及其通过抑制转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad家族成员3(Smad3)信号通路减轻肾纤维化的潜在机制。方法:采用高脂饲料和链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合制备大鼠T2DM模型,造模成功后随机分为T2DM对照(CON,n=5)组、低负荷抗阻训练(LRT,n=5)组、高负荷抗阻训练(HRT,n=5)组、血流限制(BFR,n=5)组和血流限制抗阻训练(BFRT,n=5)组,进行为期8周的运动训练。记录各组大鼠肾脏指数、空腹血糖(FBG)、血清肌酐(SCr)和血尿素氮(BUN)水平;通过HE和Masson染色观察肾脏形态学变化,并计算胶原容积分数(CVF);RT-qPCR检测肾脏组织中Klotho、TGF-β1和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测肾脏组织中Klotho、TGF-β1、Smad3、磷酸化Smad3(p-Smad3)、α-SMA和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的蛋白水平。结果:对比其他各组,血流限制抗阻训练组大鼠FBG、SCr、BUN和肾脏CVF显著下降(P<0.05),Klotho表达水平显著上升(P<0.05),TGF-β1、p-Smad3、CTGF和α-SMA表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),Smad3表达水平无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:血流限制抗阻训练可减轻T2DM大鼠肾纤维化程度,其机制可能与上调Klotho表达,阻断TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路,从而抑制细胞外基质的沉积有关。

低负荷血流限制训练联合关节腔内注射治疗老年膝骨关节炎的效果

目的探讨低负荷血流限制训练联合关节腔内注射治疗老年膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法方便抽样法选取2023年山西医科大学第三医院收治的126例老年膝骨关节炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组,各63例。对照组行单纯关节腔注射利多卡因、玻璃酸钠,观察组在对照组的基础上增加低负荷血流限制训练。分别于治疗前、治疗后评估西安大略和曼彻斯特大学骨性关节炎指数(WOMAC)、疗效、生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)评分、伸膝力矩、膝内收力矩、血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-1、MMP-3水平。结果治疗后观察组WOMAC各维度及总分、MMP-1、MMP-3水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组临床总有效率、GQOLI-74评分的各维度及总分、伸膝力矩、膝内收力矩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论低负荷血流限制训练联合关节腔内注射治疗老年膝骨关节炎具有良好的临床疗效,可以显著缓解患者的疼痛,提高关节功能和生活质量,其治疗机制可能与降低MMP-1、MMP-3水平有关。

武术专项技能融合血流限制训练的效果研究

为探讨12周血流限制训练对武术队员专项技能的影响,文章运用实验法,对16名武术队员进行为期12周的加压干预,分别在实验前、中、后对等速肌力、专项技能指标及竞赛成绩进行测试、统计与分析。实验结果显示:12周专项技能融合血流限制训练对武术队员下肢肌力与专项技能产生积极的促进作用,且优于传统模式训练。此外,通过量化数据分析,该方法可在短时间内募集Ⅱ型纤维,在膝关节屈肌方面的提升效果也更加显著。

血流限制训练对运动员下肢最大力量影响的Meta分析

目的:运用Meta分析方法系统评价血流限制训练(又称加压训练)对运动员下肢最大力量的影响,并与传统抗阻训练进行比较。方法:系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等中外文数据库,检索日期为默认起始时间至2023年12月17日。依据纳入和排除标准独立筛选血流限制训练提高运动员下肢最大力量的影响的研究文献,采用PEDro量表对所有纳入文献进行评价,并对其数据进行分析。结果:经过3轮排除,最终纳入28篇文献,研究总样本量为528人;血流限制训练对运动员下肢最大力量的提升优于传统抗阻训练,具有显著效果,二者存在显著性差异,合并效应量为SMD=6.36,95%CI=[4.27,8.44],P<0.01。结论:血流限制训练能够显著提高运动员下肢最大力量,且效果优于传统抗阻训练;低强度血流限制训练与传统高强度抗阻训练效果相似;血流限制训练短期内效果更显著。