Characteristics and distribution of low molecular weight organic acids in the sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, China

The composition and vertical profiles of low molecular-weight organic acids （LMWOAs） and the contribution of them to dissolved organic matter （DOM） in sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China were investigated. The results showed that total concentration of LMWOAs was up to 94.5 μmol/L and their proportion in DOM was 5.6%, suggesting that LMWOAs were important chemical components in DOM in lake sediment porewaters. Among the seven LMWOAs, pyruvic and acetic acid had the highest concentrations with 26.30 and 8.31 μmol/L, accounting for 51.4% and 14.92% of LMWOAs, respectively. Trifluoroacetic and sorbic acid had the lowest concentrations, indicating that the compositions of LMWOAs in relative reducing environments were largely different from those reported in glacier, atmosphere and soils. The concentrations of lactic, acetic, formic, sorbic and oxalic acid decreased with increasing depth, probably relating to stronger microbial activities in the initial stage of early diagenesis. Trifluoroacetic acid was mainly anthropogenic with its concentration, showing a diusive trend from the surface to bottom sediments. The concentrations of lactic acid and nitrate generally showed a consistent profile. The increasing concentration of pyruvic acid in the vertical profile was just opposite to that of sulfate, revealing a significant negative relationship between them. Oxalic acid remained constant except for an obvious peak at 6 cm depth. The results indicated the diversities in sources and behaviors for various LMWOAs during early diagenesis in sediments.

Utilizing Water Treatment Residuals for Phosphorus Removal:Batch Trials,Column Trials and Effects of Three Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids

Phosphorus( P) has been recognized as a major limited nutrient responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters. Water treatment residuals( WTRs) are safe by-products of water treatment plants and are cost-efficient adsorbents. In this study, batch experiments and column experiments based on WTRs were employed to study the characteristics of P adsorption and the effects of lowmolecular-weight organic acids( LMWOAs)( citric acid, oxalic acid,and tartaric acid) on P adsorption. Different models of adsorption were used to describe equilibrium and kinetic data. The adsorption data were fitted well by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was determined to be controlled by three steps of diffusion mechanisms through the intra-particle model.The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir,Freundlich,Redlich-Peterson,and Sips isotherm models. Batch and continuous flow experiments indicated that the LMWOAs exhibited inhibitory action,and as pH increased,the inhibitory action became weaker for all the three acids. The effect of LMWOAs concentration was not significant on inhibition. The effects of LMWOAs were closely related to reaction time.

Oral Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid oral tablets for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis. 12 women with atrophic vaginitis were recruited for this double blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized to receive either low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) oral tablets or placebo for three months. Vaginal biopsies were taken at baseline and after three months of treatment, and vaginal epithelium was analysed using light microscopy. The evaluation of symptoms was self-assessed by the patients. Biopsies from HA group showed an epithelium thicker than in placebo group. The lamina propria from the HA group also showed a denser appearance compared to placebo group. Morphometric analysis showed significant differences between HA and baseline in the number of epithelial layers and in the thickness. The evaluation of symptoms also showed an effective improvement in the patients treated with HA, compared to baseline and to placebo group. In conclusion, oral administration of HA tablets improved the vaginal epithelium, decreasing atrophy. This can be an ideal option for patients with atrophic vaginitis who do not want to or can not take estrogen and show low compliance toward vaginal administration.

A review of environmental characteristics and effects of low-molecular weight organic acids in the surface ecosystem

Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.

Effects of low molecular weight organic acids on aggregation behavior of biochar colloids at acid and neutral conditions

Low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),as active components in the rhizosphere carbon cycling,may influence the environmental behaviors of biochar colloids.This study selected the pine-wood and wheat-straw biochars(PB and WB)as two typical biochars.The effects of typical LMWOAs(oxalic acid,citric acid,and malic acid)on aggregation kinetics of PB and WB colloids were investigated under pH 4 and 6 conditions.Critical coagulation concentrations(CCCs)of both PB and WB colloids were decreased with the LMWOAs regardless of the types of biochar and the solution pH,and the most significant effect occurred in pH 4 due to more LMWOAs sorption on the biochar colloids.The different types of LMWOAs caused various CCCs changes.For example,the CCC values of PB colloids decreased from 75 mM to 56,52,and 47 mM in the pH 4 NaCl solutions when 1 mM oxalic acid,citric acid,and malic acid were present in the suspensions,respectively.The chemical structure(functional groups)and molecular weight of LMWOAs,solution pH,and the electrophoretic mobility(EPM)of biochar co-influence the interactions between biochar colloids and LMWOAs,thus affecting the stability of biochar colloids in the presence of LMWOAs.The presence of LMWOAs accelerated the aggregation of colloidal biochar by increasing the interaction of surface bridging bonds(hydrogen bonding)and decreasing the repulsive force between colloidal biochar particles.This study showed that LMWOAs could accelerate the aggregation of biochar colloids in acidic or neutral environments and reduce the mobility of biochar colloids in soil rhizosphere.

Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids （LMWOAs） in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles （P1 and P2） were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 ~tmol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 μmol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity （FI） of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 ~tmol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18：00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.

Investigation of low-molecular weight organic acids and their spatiotemporal variation characteristics in Hongfeng Lake,China

The identities and concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids （LMWOAs） were determined by ion chromatography throughout a 20-m water column in Hongfeng Lake, China. The spatiotemporal variations of LMWOAs and their contributions to dissolved organic matter （DOM） in a research period of 24 hr were also investigated. The results demonstrated that five LMWOAs （lactic, acetic, pyruvic, sorbic, oxalic acid） were detected, and their total concentration and proportion in DOC were 6.55 μmol/L and 7.47%. Their average levels were 2.50, 0.65, 2.35, 0.96 and 0.09 μmol/L, respectively. LMWOAs were higher during daytime （10：00-18：00 on Jun 13, 2008） than nighttime （21：00-6：00 the next morning）, in particular 4.99 μmol/L high in the epilimnion （ 1 m water depth）, reflecting the fact that direct import from terrigenous sources and photochemical production from humic materials were dominant during LMWOAs＇ origin and accumulation. The same factors caused LMWOAs to be 0.63 μmol/L in the epilimnion higher than in the hypolimnion. The rapid decrease of total organic acid （TOA） up until 18：00 mainly resulted from bio-uptake and mineralization in the hypolimnion （〉1 m water depth）. Pyruvic acid increased with time in the epilimnion and decreased in the hypolimnion, largely related to the two contrary processes of continuous degradation and synthesis of macromolecular organic matter during life materials＇ cycle mediated by organisms. Simultaneously, plankton behavior and thermal stratification played a pivotal role in LMWOAs＇ behavior in the water column, causing decreasing and increasing profiles. The distribution of LMWOAs represents an interesting resource for biogeochemical research of DOM in aquatic ecosystems.

Preparation and Characterization of AlginateHyaluronic Acid-chitosan based Composite Gel Beads

The aim of this study was to fabricate composite gel beads based on natural polysaccharides. Hyaluronic acid（HA） and Chitosan（CS） were successfully admixed with Ca^2＋/alginate（SA） gel system to produce SA/HA/CS gel beads by dual crosslinking： the ionic gelation and the polyelectrolyte complexation. The preparation procedure was that the weight ratio of SA（2%, m/v） to HA（2%, m/v） was kept at 2：1, then the mixture was dripped into the Ca^2＋ solution for ion-crosslinking, and finally polyelectrolyte crosslinked with 2% low molecular weight CS（LMW-CS） for 1.5 hours. The optimal formulation was achieved by adjusting the concentration and the weight ratio of SA, HA and LMW-CS. Due to the incorporation of HA and LMWCS, the swelling ratio of the beads at pH 7.4 was increased up to 120, and the time for the maximum swelling degree was prolonged to 7.5 h. The swelling behavior was obviously improved compared to the pure SA/Ca^2＋ system. The preliminary results clearly suggest that the SA/HA/CS gel beads may be a potential candidate for biomedical delivery vehicles.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Organic Acids in Two Late-blooming Rhododendron Species

[Objectives]The spatial distribution characteristics of organic acids in two late-blooming Rhododendron species(Rhododendron decorum and Rhododendron stamineum)in Guizhou Baili Rhododendron National Forest Park were explored,in order to provide reference for exploring the plant-soil relationship of subtropical forest.[Methods]The fresh leaf,stem,root,litter,humus and soil samples of R.decorum and R.stamineum were collected.The contents of eight low molecular weight organic acids including oxalic acid,tartaric acid,malic acid,citric acid,acetic acid,lactic acid,succinic acid and formic acid were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]Oxalic acid is the main organic acid in the two species of Rhododendron.Among different samples,the content of organic acids was in the following order:root>fresh leaf>humus>litter>stem>soil.[Conclusions]The content of organic acids in the root was significantly higher than that in other parts.The types of organic acids in stems were the least.

Control of MSC Differentiation by Tuning the Alkyl Chain Length of Phe- nylboroinc Acid Based Low-molecular-weight Gelators

The physical environment plays a critical role in modulating stem cell differentiation into specific lineages. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of low-molecular-weight gels （LMWGs） with different moduli based on phenylboronic acid derivatives. The moduli of the LMWGs were readily tuned by varying the alkyl chain without any chemical crosslinker. The cell responses to the gels were evaluated with mesenchymal stem cell （MSCs）, in respect of cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. The prepared gels were non-toxic to MSCs, suggesting good biocompatibility. The hydrogel stiffness exerted a striking modulation effect on MSC fate decisions, where MSCs were inclined to differentiate into osteoblasts in stiff LMWGs and into chondrocytes in soft LMWGs. The pivotal elastic modulus of the LMWGs to drive MSC differentiation into osteoblastic lineage and chondrocytic lineage were approximately 20 kPa - 40 kPa and 1 kPa - 10 kPa, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrated that the modification ofhydrogel stiffness via tuning the alkyl chain was a simple but effective approach to regulate MSC differentiation into specific lineage, which might have important implications in the design of LMWGs for tissue engineering applications.

Characterization of soil low-molecular-weight organic acids in the Karst rocky desertification region of Guizhou Province, China

Soil low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids play important roles in the soil-forming process and the cycling of nutrients in Karst regions. In this study, we quantified the contents of LMW organic acids （including lactate, acetate, formate, malate, and oxalate） in soil solution over the Karst region of Guizhou Province, China using ion chromatography. The concentration of total LMW organic acids in topsoil solution ranged from 0.358 to 1.823pmol＇g-1, with an average of 0.912p.mol.gL The mean concentrations of lactate, acetate, formate, malate, and oxalate were 0.2124-0.089, 0.3024-0.228, 0.301-4-0.214, 0.014zk0.018 and 0.086＋0.118 pmol.g-% respectively. There were also significant difference in the contents of these acids among four phases of rocky desertification, and their concentrations decreased with the aggravation of rocky desertification. The concentrations of the LMW organic acids were significantly positive correlated each other. Significant positive correlations were also observed among individual LMW organic acids in soil solution, and between them and soil available P, available K, exchange- able Ca, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of LMW organic acids were significantly positively corre- lated with inorganic anions （chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates） in Karst topsoil solution. Therefore, the concen- trations of soil LMW organic acids might be one of driving force in the Karst rock desertification process in Guizhou Province.

The test freezing temperature of C_2―C_6 dicarboxylic acid: The important indicator for ice nucleation processes

The importance of organic compounds as significant constituents of atmospheric aerosols, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as well as players influencing the tropospheric oxidation and atmospheric energy budget, have been increasingly recognized. Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids (LMW-DCAs) are significant identified portions of atmospheric condensed matter including aerosols, fog and clouds. Besides the photochemical transformation of DCA, the implication of organic matter in ice nucleation processes has been considered. In this study, we investigated the freezing temperature of pure and mixed (C2―C6) DCA solutions in ultra-pure water and tap water solution droplets using a freezing nucleus counter at different pH, and in different water ionic conditions. The mean freezing temperature of different mixture of LMW-DCA in ultra-pure and tap water solution droplets ranged from ?24.1±2.8 to ?21.3±3.9℃ and ?10.2±2.2 to ?9.5±2.2℃, respectively. The mean freezing temperature of the control (ultra-pure and tap) water droplets (?22.6±3.5℃, 11.2±2.4℃) was also measured. The results, and their implications in atmospheric chemistry and physics of the atmosphere will be discussed.

低分子量有机酸对亚热带地区典型土壤磷吸附的影响

为探索低分子量有机酸对亚热带地区典型土壤磷吸附的影响,采用批处理法研究了柠檬酸和草酸对旱地土、水稻土磷素吸附特征的作用,重点探讨了不同浓度有机酸和柠檬酸钠、有机酸加入顺序等对土壤磷吸附的影响。结果表明:柠檬酸和草酸显著降低了土壤磷吸附动力学的颗粒内扩散模型拟合度,减弱了磷素在土壤颗粒内部扩散过程。Langmuir和Freundlich方程对有机酸存在下土壤磷吸附等温数据均有较好的拟合效果(R2=0.863~0.996)。有机酸降低了土壤磷素最大理论吸附量。土壤磷吸附量与有机酸浓度呈指数函数关系,0.1~5 mmol/L有机酸对土壤磷吸附的影响最大。有机酸浓度小于1 mmol/L时,柠檬酸对土壤磷素吸附的抑制程度大于草酸;而当浓度大于5 mmol/L时,草酸的抑制程度更大。在相同浓度时,0.1~5 mmol/L的柠檬酸钠比柠檬酸对土壤磷吸附能力抑制程度更大,先加入有机酸进一步降低了土壤对磷素吸附量,说明阴离子竞争吸附是低浓度柠檬酸降低土壤磷吸附能力的主要原因,而柠檬酸浓度为5~50 mmol/L时,有机酸与土壤铁铝等金属离子的络合作用占主导。

低分子量酶解灵芝硒多糖对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的研究低分子量灵芝硒多糖对肠道菌群紊乱小鼠的改善调节作用。方法利用生物发酵法培养富集灵芝硒多糖,采用热水浸提法提取灵芝硒多糖,并进一步酶解为低分子量多糖,以水解率为响应值,在单因素基础上,用响应面法优化酶解工艺条件。随后使用超滤膜截取10 kDa以下多糖,以头孢克肟诱导建立肠道紊乱小鼠模型,灌胃低分子量灵芝硒多糖,并测定小鼠体重及肠道内容物短链脂肪酸含量,利用16S rRNA高通量测序分析小鼠肠道菌群变化。结果灵芝硒多糖的富硒量为(327±26)mg/g,多糖含量为(6.14±0.18)%,低分子量多糖的酶解最优工艺为温度50℃、pH 5.5、时间121 min,该条件下的水解率为62.8%。研究表明低分子量多糖对小鼠体重无影响,高通量测序结果显示低分子量灵芝硒多糖能有效改善肠道菌群失调症状,调节肠道菌群的物种组成,显著上调厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度,降低拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度,上调产酸菌乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、样棒菌属(Allobaculum)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)等丰度,增加乙酸、丁酸含量,下调普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、粪球菌属(Coprococcus)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)丰度,抑制丙酸分泌。结论低分子量灵芝硒多糖具有改善小鼠肠道菌群失调作用,可能是通过调整菌群组成来影响短链脂肪酸分泌达到保护肠道健康的目的。

多次低剂量应用草酸促进芹菜减磷生产

针对蔬菜作物生长期一次性低剂量应用草酸土壤磷素活化作用时效短和一次性高剂量应用草酸风险较大的缺点,选用多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸的方法,以期持续、安全地活化设施菜地土壤盈余磷素,推动设施蔬菜减磷生产。选用速效磷含量分别为88.6和46.1mg·kg^(−1)的两个设施菜地土壤(分别简称土壤A和土壤B)开展室内浅层土壤(深度为1 cm)培养试验、无植物和种植芹菜的盆栽土壤(深度17 cm)温室试验,探究多次低剂量应用草酸活化土壤磷素及促进芹菜生产效果。土壤培养试验揭示多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸(每次草酸应用0.36 g·kg^(−1),共5次,每次间隔10 d)均可以持续、平稳地提高土壤A和土壤B的水溶性无机磷(DIP)的含量。无植物的盆栽土壤试验则显示在土壤A中多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸的土壤磷素活化作用集中在0~10 cm土层,特别是0~5 cm土层。盆栽芹菜试验多次应用草酸(芹菜定植30 d应用草酸4次,每次0、0.18或者0.36 g·kg^(−1),每次间隔10 d)的结果显示,土壤A和土壤B施磷分别减量70%和54%的前提下,两个草酸应用剂量均提高芹菜收获时两个土壤0~5 cm土层的DIP含量,在土壤A中增幅显著(分别为92.0%和165%),在土壤B中仅较高草酸剂量下显著增加64.5%;较高草酸剂量的芹菜增产效果不明显,较低草酸剂量的增产效果显著(20.0%~33.6%,P<0.05),在土壤B中更为明显。多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸在其它土壤-蔬菜系统中的效果及风险有待研究。

柠檬酸改性低分子量减水剂的合成、性能及机理

以柠檬酸(CA)和聚乙二醇聚丙二醇单甲醚(MPEPPG)为主要反应原料,通过酯化反应合成一种柠檬酸改性低分子量减水剂(LMWS)。通过红外光谱、核磁氢谱和凝胶色谱测试获得合成减水剂的结构参数信息。同时通过动态光散射(DLS)、水泥净浆Zeta电位、减水剂对水泥的吸附性能、水泥净浆凝结时间、水泥水化热、水泥净浆塑性粘度、水泥净浆流动度及混凝土性能等研究对比了相同酸醚比(n(CA)∶n(MPEPPG)=1∶1)时不同分子量LMWS的综合性能。结果表明:相同掺量条件下,分子量适中的LMWS-3显著降低水泥净浆的塑性粘度并延缓水泥的水化进程,具有优异的初始分散和分散保持性能。

离子色谱法同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中的有机酸和无机阴离子

目的建立同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中醋酸根离子、氯离子、亚硫酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子含量的离子色谱法。方法色谱柱为Dionex IonPac AS11(250 mm×4 mm),保护柱为Dionex IonPac AG11(50 mm×4 mm),用淋洗液自动发生器,采用氢氧化钾梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测器为配有化学抑制器的电导检测器。结果醋酸根离子、氯离子、亚硫酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子分别在0.12~24μg·mL^(-1)、0.24~48μg·mL^(-1)、0.4~80μg·mL^(-1)、0.04~8μg·mL^(-1)、0.3~60μg·mL^(-1)与测定值线性关系良好,r分别为0.9991、0.9999、0.9999、0.9995、0.9995;加样回收率分别为105.3%、101.0%、102.3%、96.8%和108.3%(n=6),RSD分别为2.2%、1.8%、1.6%、2.6%和1.6%。结论该方法操作简便,灵敏,高效,可用于同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中醋酸根、亚硫酸根、硫酸根、草酸根和氯离子的含量,为其质量提供保证。

氨甲环酸分别联合阿司匹林、低分子肝素钙在全膝关节置换术血液管理中的效果分析

目的探讨氨甲环酸分别联合阿司匹林、低分子肝素钙调控炎症介质、血栓弹力图(TEG)在全膝关节置换术(TKA)血液管理中的价值。方法2020年1月~2022年10我院拟行TKA老年病人120例,电脑随机数字法分为A组(60例)和B组(60例),分别给予氨甲环酸+阿司匹林、氨甲环酸+低分子肝素钙,均治疗2周。比较两组围术期指标、并发症[下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)、肌间静脉血栓(MCVT)、切口感染]、输血率、不良反应(胃肠不适、皮下瘀斑)及TEG参数[凝血反应时间(R)、血液凝固时间(K)、最大振幅(MA)、凝固角(α角)]、炎症介质[可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α]、血管内皮损伤因子[可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、E-选择素]。结果两组术后24小时引流量、隐性失血量、总失血量、术中出血量、术后72小时Hb及HCT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组组间、不同时间点及组间·不同时间点交互TEG参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2周A组血清TLR4、sCD40L、TNF-α水平较B组降低,血浆sTM及血清VEGF、E-选择素水平较B组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组DVT、MCVT、切口感染发生率、输血率与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组不良反应总发生率与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与联合低分子肝素钙比较,氨甲环酸联合阿司匹林能保护血管内皮,抑制炎症反应,但两者均可维持病人凝血功能,避免大量失血或血栓形成,在安全性与有效性方面无显著差异。

低分子量有机酸浸提对紫色土金属阳离子释放和化学蚀变的影响

[目的]通过探究植物根系分泌物中的低分子量有机酸对紫色土壤金属阳离子释放的具体影响机制,解析植物根系在矿物风化和土壤形成中的作用。[方法]采用有机酸浸提试验,研究不同低分子量有机酸下紫色土结构崩解特征及风化过程中离子的释放规律,定量分析释放速率与时间的相互关系,并探讨不同有机酸对化学蚀变指数(CIA)的影响。[结果]有机酸处理能显著提高紫色土风化产物的CIA值,增幅为7.25%~15.42%,在相同浓度下,柠檬酸较草酸更能加速风化过程;电镜(SEM)扫描结果显示有机酸促进紫色土的结构破坏,Matlab软件分析进一步表明有机酸浸提处理促进土壤矿物表面孔隙的发育,降低土壤颗粒的均匀程度;不同浓度的低分子量有机酸(LMWOAs)浸提处理时土壤金属阳离子释放速率不同,且随着浸提时间的持续,释放速率逐渐降低。金属离子的释放速率随有机酸浓度的增加而增加,且离子释放总量整体呈现Fe^(3+)>Mg^(2+)>Mn^(2+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)的规律,通过多元非线性回归建立溶液酸度变化条件下的金属阳离子释放速率的定量分析模型发现,金属阳离子的释放速率与时间之间存在显著的指数函数关系。[结论]低分子量有机酸浸提促进紫色土金属阳离子释放和风化,且柠檬酸较草酸显著。