在应对气候变化上,农业同样可以发挥减排增汇的作用。本文以上海为例,将DNDC(denitrification—decomposition)模型与CGE(computable general equilibrium)模型在作物投入产出上进行链接,对肥料管理、农药减量以及农机节能这3个渠道采...在应对气候变化上,农业同样可以发挥减排增汇的作用。本文以上海为例,将DNDC(denitrification—decomposition)模型与CGE(computable general equilibrium)模型在作物投入产出上进行链接,对肥料管理、农药减量以及农机节能这3个渠道采取措施进行减排的潜力以及间接效应进行了研究。研究发现,肥料管理的减排作用最突出,是低碳农业发展的主要途径。保护性耕作会促进甲烷排放,无法从整体上实现减排作用。种植业上的低碳发展措施能够联动能源消耗上的减排,尤其表现在农机节能方面。需要注意的是,种植业中间投入的削减会促使生产成本下降较快,这将扩张种植面积,导致直接排放回弹,在一些情景中表现为总排放量净增长。展开更多
The formation of abnormally low-pressure hydrocarbon reservoirs in petroliferous basins has a close relationship with tectonic uplift and the consequent erosion. In order to understand abnormally low-pressure reservoi...The formation of abnormally low-pressure hydrocarbon reservoirs in petroliferous basins has a close relationship with tectonic uplift and the consequent erosion. In order to understand abnormally low-pressure reservoirs and to provide a scientific basis for exploration and development, we established, through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, a set of equations for the formation pressure in a closed system influenced by uplift-erosion, discussed the relationship between the genesis of abnormal pressure and uplift-erosion, and put forward the concept of balance pressure (P b ). The results showed that abnormally high pressure coefficient may form when the current formation pressure was higher than P b , and abnormally low pressure may form when the current formation pressure was lower than P b . In the Santanghu Basin, the current formation pressure of abnormally low pressure reservoirs is lower than P b , so tectonic uplift-erosion leads to the decrease of the pressure coefficient. There is a positive correlation between the pressure drop caused by the decrease of fluid temperature and the rebound of rock porosity and strata erosion. Calculation results indicated that the reservoir pressure of Jurassic strata in the Santanghu Basin was decreased by 11.6-17.1 MPa due to tectonic uplift-erosion during the Late Yanshanian period.展开更多
文摘在应对气候变化上,农业同样可以发挥减排增汇的作用。本文以上海为例,将DNDC(denitrification—decomposition)模型与CGE(computable general equilibrium)模型在作物投入产出上进行链接,对肥料管理、农药减量以及农机节能这3个渠道采取措施进行减排的潜力以及间接效应进行了研究。研究发现,肥料管理的减排作用最突出,是低碳农业发展的主要途径。保护性耕作会促进甲烷排放,无法从整体上实现减排作用。种植业上的低碳发展措施能够联动能源消耗上的减排,尤其表现在农机节能方面。需要注意的是,种植业中间投入的削减会促使生产成本下降较快,这将扩张种植面积,导致直接排放回弹,在一些情景中表现为总排放量净增长。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40802027)China "973" Project (No. 2009CB219604)the Risk Innovation Foundation of PetroChina Co. Ltd. (No. 0706d01040102)
文摘The formation of abnormally low-pressure hydrocarbon reservoirs in petroliferous basins has a close relationship with tectonic uplift and the consequent erosion. In order to understand abnormally low-pressure reservoirs and to provide a scientific basis for exploration and development, we established, through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, a set of equations for the formation pressure in a closed system influenced by uplift-erosion, discussed the relationship between the genesis of abnormal pressure and uplift-erosion, and put forward the concept of balance pressure (P b ). The results showed that abnormally high pressure coefficient may form when the current formation pressure was higher than P b , and abnormally low pressure may form when the current formation pressure was lower than P b . In the Santanghu Basin, the current formation pressure of abnormally low pressure reservoirs is lower than P b , so tectonic uplift-erosion leads to the decrease of the pressure coefficient. There is a positive correlation between the pressure drop caused by the decrease of fluid temperature and the rebound of rock porosity and strata erosion. Calculation results indicated that the reservoir pressure of Jurassic strata in the Santanghu Basin was decreased by 11.6-17.1 MPa due to tectonic uplift-erosion during the Late Yanshanian period.