With the rapid development of information technology,the electronifi-cation of medical records has gradually become a trend.In China,the population base is huge and the supporting medical institutions are numerous,so ...With the rapid development of information technology,the electronifi-cation of medical records has gradually become a trend.In China,the population base is huge and the supporting medical institutions are numerous,so this reality drives the conversion of paper medical records to electronic medical records.Electronic medical records are the basis for establishing a smart hospital and an important guarantee for achieving medical intelligence,and the massive amount of electronic medical record data is also an important data set for conducting research in the medical field.However,electronic medical records contain a large amount of private patient information,which must be desensitized before they are used as open resources.Therefore,to solve the above problems,data masking for Chinese electronic medical records with named entity recognition is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the text is vectorized to satisfy the required format of the model input.Secondly,since the input sentences may have a long or short length and the relationship between sentences in context is not negligible.To this end,a neural network model for named entity recognition based on bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)with conditional random fields(CRF)is constructed.Finally,the data masking operation is performed based on the named entity recog-nition results,mainly using regular expression filtering encryption and principal component analysis(PCA)word vector compression and replacement.In addi-tion,comparison experiments with the hidden markov model(HMM)model,LSTM-CRF model,and BiLSTM model are conducted in this paper.The experi-mental results show that the method used in this paper achieves 92.72%Accuracy,92.30%Recall,and 92.51%F1_score,which has higher accuracy compared with other models.展开更多
Geological reports are a significant accomplishment for geologists involved in geological investigations and scientific research as they contain rich data and textual information.With the rapid development of science ...Geological reports are a significant accomplishment for geologists involved in geological investigations and scientific research as they contain rich data and textual information.With the rapid development of science and technology,a large number of textual reports have accumulated in the field of geology.However,many non-hot topics and non-English speaking regions are neglected in mainstream geoscience databases for geological information mining,making it more challenging for some researchers to extract necessary information from these texts.Natural Language Processing(NLP)has obvious advantages in processing large amounts of textual data.The objective of this paper is to identify geological named entities from Chinese geological texts using NLP techniques.We propose the RoBERTa-Prompt-Tuning-NER method,which leverages the concept of Prompt Learning and requires only a small amount of annotated data to train superior models for recognizing geological named entities in low-resource dataset configurations.The RoBERTa layer captures context-based information and longer-distance dependencies through dynamic word vectors.Finally,we conducted experiments on the constructed Geological Named Entity Recognition(GNER)dataset.Our experimental results show that the proposed model achieves the highest F1 score of 80.64%among the four baseline algorithms,demonstrating the reliability and robustness of using the model for Named Entity Recognition of geological texts.展开更多
Unlike named entity recognition(NER)for English,the absence of word boundaries reduces the final accuracy for Chinese NER.To avoid accumulated error introduced by word segmentation,a deep model extracting character-le...Unlike named entity recognition(NER)for English,the absence of word boundaries reduces the final accuracy for Chinese NER.To avoid accumulated error introduced by word segmentation,a deep model extracting character-level features is carefully built and becomes a basis for a new Chinese NER method,which is proposed in this paper.This method converts the raw text to a character vector sequence,extracts global text features with a bidirectional long short-term memory and extracts local text features with a soft attention model.A linear chain conditional random field is also used to label all the characters with the help of the global and local text features.Experiments based on the Microsoft Research Asia(MSRA)dataset are designed and implemented.Results show that the proposed method has good performance compared to other methods,which proves that the global and local text features extracted have a positive influence on Chinese NER.For more variety in the test domains,a resume dataset from Sina Finance is also used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Chinese named entity recognition(CNER)has received widespread attention as an important task of Chinese information extraction.Most previous research has focused on individually studying flat CNER,overlapped CNER,or d...Chinese named entity recognition(CNER)has received widespread attention as an important task of Chinese information extraction.Most previous research has focused on individually studying flat CNER,overlapped CNER,or discontinuous CNER.However,a unified CNER is often needed in real-world scenarios.Recent studies have shown that grid tagging-based methods based on character-pair relationship classification hold great potential for achieving unified NER.Nevertheless,how to enrich Chinese character-pair grid representations and capture deeper dependencies between character pairs to improve entity recognition performance remains an unresolved challenge.In this study,we enhance the character-pair grid representation by incorporating both local and global information.Significantly,we introduce a new approach by considering the character-pair grid representation matrix as a specialized image,converting the classification of character-pair relationships into a pixel-level semantic segmentation task.We devise a U-shaped network to extract multi-scale and deeper semantic information from the grid image,allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of associative features between character pairs.This approach leads to improved accuracy in predicting their relationships,ultimately enhancing entity recognition performance.We conducted experiments on two public CNER datasets in the biomedical domain,namely CMeEE-V2 and Diakg.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach,which achieves F1-score improvements of 7.29 percentage points and 1.64 percentage points compared to the current state-of-the-art(SOTA)models,respectively.展开更多
Readability is a fundamental problem in textbooks assessment.For low resources languages(LRL),however,little investigation has been done on the readability of textbook.In this paper,we proposed a readability assessmen...Readability is a fundamental problem in textbooks assessment.For low resources languages(LRL),however,little investigation has been done on the readability of textbook.In this paper,we proposed a readability assessment method for Tibetan textbook(a low resource language).We extract features based on the information that are gotten by Tibetan segmentation and named entity recognition.Then,we calculate the correlation of different features using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and select some feature sets to design the readability formula.Fit detection,F test and T test are applied on these selected features to generate a new readability assessment formula.Experiment shows that this new formula is capable of assessing the readability of Tibetan textbooks.展开更多
针对中文汽车领域实体抽取任务中对嵌套实体、长实体识别效果差的问题,提出一种实体类别增强的嵌套实体抽取(ECE-NER)模型。首先,基于特征融合编码,提高模型对领域实体边界的感知能力;然后,尾词识别模块利用多层感知机得到实体尾词集合...针对中文汽车领域实体抽取任务中对嵌套实体、长实体识别效果差的问题,提出一种实体类别增强的嵌套实体抽取(ECE-NER)模型。首先,基于特征融合编码,提高模型对领域实体边界的感知能力;然后,尾词识别模块利用多层感知机得到实体尾词集合;最后,前向边界识别模块基于义原构造的实体类别特征和自注意力机制得到实体类别增强的候选尾词表征,融合领域实体类别特征,利用双仿射编码器计算特定尾词和实体类型的实体跨度概率,从而确定命名实体。在某汽车企业生产线故障数据集、汽车工业故障抽取评测数据集CCL2022和中文医学文本数据集CHIP2020上进行模型验证。实验结果表明,所提模型在前两个数据集上的实体识别F1值比序列标注模型(BERT+BiLSTM+CRF)、基于跨度的实体抽取模型(PURE(Princeton University Relation Extraction)、SpERT(Span-based Entity and Relation Transformer))分别提高了4.1、1.8、1.6个百分点和9.0、5.4、7.3个百分点;在第一个数据集和第三个数据集中嵌套实体识别F1值与PURE、SpERT模型相比提高了13.3、8.3个百分点和21.7、9.3个百分点,验证了所提模型在嵌套实体识别上的有效性。展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(No.42050102)the Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant(No.SJCX22_0343)Also,this research was supported by Dou Wanchun Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province(No.202205AF150013).
文摘With the rapid development of information technology,the electronifi-cation of medical records has gradually become a trend.In China,the population base is huge and the supporting medical institutions are numerous,so this reality drives the conversion of paper medical records to electronic medical records.Electronic medical records are the basis for establishing a smart hospital and an important guarantee for achieving medical intelligence,and the massive amount of electronic medical record data is also an important data set for conducting research in the medical field.However,electronic medical records contain a large amount of private patient information,which must be desensitized before they are used as open resources.Therefore,to solve the above problems,data masking for Chinese electronic medical records with named entity recognition is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the text is vectorized to satisfy the required format of the model input.Secondly,since the input sentences may have a long or short length and the relationship between sentences in context is not negligible.To this end,a neural network model for named entity recognition based on bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)with conditional random fields(CRF)is constructed.Finally,the data masking operation is performed based on the named entity recog-nition results,mainly using regular expression filtering encryption and principal component analysis(PCA)word vector compression and replacement.In addi-tion,comparison experiments with the hidden markov model(HMM)model,LSTM-CRF model,and BiLSTM model are conducted in this paper.The experi-mental results show that the method used in this paper achieves 92.72%Accuracy,92.30%Recall,and 92.51%F1_score,which has higher accuracy compared with other models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42488201,42172137,42050104,and 42050102)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF0804000)Sichuan Provincial Youth Science&Technology Innovative Research Group Fund(No.2022JDTD0004)
文摘Geological reports are a significant accomplishment for geologists involved in geological investigations and scientific research as they contain rich data and textual information.With the rapid development of science and technology,a large number of textual reports have accumulated in the field of geology.However,many non-hot topics and non-English speaking regions are neglected in mainstream geoscience databases for geological information mining,making it more challenging for some researchers to extract necessary information from these texts.Natural Language Processing(NLP)has obvious advantages in processing large amounts of textual data.The objective of this paper is to identify geological named entities from Chinese geological texts using NLP techniques.We propose the RoBERTa-Prompt-Tuning-NER method,which leverages the concept of Prompt Learning and requires only a small amount of annotated data to train superior models for recognizing geological named entities in low-resource dataset configurations.The RoBERTa layer captures context-based information and longer-distance dependencies through dynamic word vectors.Finally,we conducted experiments on the constructed Geological Named Entity Recognition(GNER)dataset.Our experimental results show that the proposed model achieves the highest F1 score of 80.64%among the four baseline algorithms,demonstrating the reliability and robustness of using the model for Named Entity Recognition of geological texts.
基金Supported by 242 National Information Security Projects(2017A149)。
文摘Unlike named entity recognition(NER)for English,the absence of word boundaries reduces the final accuracy for Chinese NER.To avoid accumulated error introduced by word segmentation,a deep model extracting character-level features is carefully built and becomes a basis for a new Chinese NER method,which is proposed in this paper.This method converts the raw text to a character vector sequence,extracts global text features with a bidirectional long short-term memory and extracts local text features with a soft attention model.A linear chain conditional random field is also used to label all the characters with the help of the global and local text features.Experiments based on the Microsoft Research Asia(MSRA)dataset are designed and implemented.Results show that the proposed method has good performance compared to other methods,which proves that the global and local text features extracted have a positive influence on Chinese NER.For more variety in the test domains,a resume dataset from Sina Finance is also used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Plan Projects(Grant Nos.202202AD080003,202202AE090008,202202AD080004,202302AD080003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21B2027,62266027,62266028,62266025)Yunnan Province Young and Middle-Aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Program(Grant No.202305AC160063).
文摘Chinese named entity recognition(CNER)has received widespread attention as an important task of Chinese information extraction.Most previous research has focused on individually studying flat CNER,overlapped CNER,or discontinuous CNER.However,a unified CNER is often needed in real-world scenarios.Recent studies have shown that grid tagging-based methods based on character-pair relationship classification hold great potential for achieving unified NER.Nevertheless,how to enrich Chinese character-pair grid representations and capture deeper dependencies between character pairs to improve entity recognition performance remains an unresolved challenge.In this study,we enhance the character-pair grid representation by incorporating both local and global information.Significantly,we introduce a new approach by considering the character-pair grid representation matrix as a specialized image,converting the classification of character-pair relationships into a pixel-level semantic segmentation task.We devise a U-shaped network to extract multi-scale and deeper semantic information from the grid image,allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of associative features between character pairs.This approach leads to improved accuracy in predicting their relationships,ultimately enhancing entity recognition performance.We conducted experiments on two public CNER datasets in the biomedical domain,namely CMeEE-V2 and Diakg.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach,which achieves F1-score improvements of 7.29 percentage points and 1.64 percentage points compared to the current state-of-the-art(SOTA)models,respectively.
基金This work was supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation No.(61331013)the Young faculty scientific research ability promotion program of Minzu University of China.
文摘Readability is a fundamental problem in textbooks assessment.For low resources languages(LRL),however,little investigation has been done on the readability of textbook.In this paper,we proposed a readability assessment method for Tibetan textbook(a low resource language).We extract features based on the information that are gotten by Tibetan segmentation and named entity recognition.Then,we calculate the correlation of different features using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and select some feature sets to design the readability formula.Fit detection,F test and T test are applied on these selected features to generate a new readability assessment formula.Experiment shows that this new formula is capable of assessing the readability of Tibetan textbooks.
文摘针对中文汽车领域实体抽取任务中对嵌套实体、长实体识别效果差的问题,提出一种实体类别增强的嵌套实体抽取(ECE-NER)模型。首先,基于特征融合编码,提高模型对领域实体边界的感知能力;然后,尾词识别模块利用多层感知机得到实体尾词集合;最后,前向边界识别模块基于义原构造的实体类别特征和自注意力机制得到实体类别增强的候选尾词表征,融合领域实体类别特征,利用双仿射编码器计算特定尾词和实体类型的实体跨度概率,从而确定命名实体。在某汽车企业生产线故障数据集、汽车工业故障抽取评测数据集CCL2022和中文医学文本数据集CHIP2020上进行模型验证。实验结果表明,所提模型在前两个数据集上的实体识别F1值比序列标注模型(BERT+BiLSTM+CRF)、基于跨度的实体抽取模型(PURE(Princeton University Relation Extraction)、SpERT(Span-based Entity and Relation Transformer))分别提高了4.1、1.8、1.6个百分点和9.0、5.4、7.3个百分点;在第一个数据集和第三个数据集中嵌套实体识别F1值与PURE、SpERT模型相比提高了13.3、8.3个百分点和21.7、9.3个百分点,验证了所提模型在嵌套实体识别上的有效性。
文摘中文电子病历实体包含大量的医学领域词汇并具有明显的嵌套特征。嵌套实体识别时往往存在目标实体定位不完整、不准确的问题。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于机器阅读理解的中文电子病历嵌套命名实体识别模型MRC-PBM(machine reading comprehension-position information biaffine and MLP)。该模型将命名实体识别(named entity recognition,NER)转化为机器阅读理解任务,将中文电子病历文本和预定义的查询语句串联作为输入,使用基于医学的预训练模型MC_BERT获取词向量,然后通过双向长短期记忆网络模型(BiLSTM)和多粒度扩张卷积模型分别获取双向的特征信息以及单词之间的信息,得到相应的特征向量,最后使用Hybrid-PBM预测器进行实体预测。在嵌套和平面NER数据集上进行实验。实验表明,该模型在糖尿病语料和公开医学数据集上优于其他主流神经网络模型,F1值比基线模型提高了1.21%~5.80%。