Objectives Bai Ku Yao(White-trousers Yaos)is a special branch of Yao minority in China.They are now living in both Lihu and Baxu villages,Nandan County, Guangxi,China.The population size is about 30,000.The special cu...Objectives Bai Ku Yao(White-trousers Yaos)is a special branch of Yao minority in China.They are now living in both Lihu and Baxu villages,Nandan County, Guangxi,China.The population size is about 30,000.The special customs and culture of Bai Ku Yao,including their special clothing,intra-ethnic marriages and alcohol intake are still completely conserved to the present day.In previous epidemiologic studies,we found that the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese from the same region.This ethnic difference in serum lipid profiles is still not well known.We hypothesized that there may be significant differences in some genetic polymorphismsssociation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) genepolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 1024 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 792 participants of Han Chinese were stud- ied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Epidemiological survey was carried out using internationally standardized methods.Information on demographics,socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors was collected with standardized questionnaires. The height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) A1, and ApoB were measured.Body massindex(BMI,kg/m2) was calculated.Genotyping of the LDL-RAvaⅡwas performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results(l)The height,weight,serum TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl levels and the ratio of ApoAl to ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for all),whereas the percentage of subjects who consumed alcohol or smoked cigarettes was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for each).(2) The frequency of A+ allele in Bai Ku Yao was 34.5%,and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A + genotypes were 42.6%,45.9%and 11.5%;respectively. The frequency of A+ allele in Han Chinese was 19.3%(P【0.001),and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes were 64.9%,31.6%and 3.5%(P【0.001);respectively. The frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference between males and females,between normal TC and high TC subgroup, and between normal LDL-C and high LDL-C subgroup (P【0.05 for all),whereas the frequencies of A- and A+ ? alleles in Han Chinese were significant difference between males and females(P【0.05).(3) Serum LDL-C levels in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference among the A-A-, A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.05),the A+ carriers had higher serum LDL-C levels.Serum HDL-C levels in Han Chiese were significant difference among the A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.01),the A+ carriers had higher serum HDL-C levels.(4) After adjusting other factors,the prevalence of LDL-C abnormality was still higher in Han Chiese than in Bai Ku Yao.The prevalence of TC abnormality in Han Chinese was almost twice high as in Bai Ku Yao. The age and diet were common risk factor for TC abnormality. No effect of AvaⅡgenotype or alcohol consumption on the TC abnormality was found,but the combination of geno-type and alcohol consumption can increase the prevalence of TC abnormality[Exp(B) =(1.154)].Age was negatively cor- related with TG level.Conclusions Serum TC and LDL-C levels were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese.There were significant differences in the AvaⅡallele and genotype frequencies between the he A+ carriers in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C levels,whereas the A+ carriers in Han had higher serum HDL-C levels.Interactions between alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and the LDL-R AvaⅡgenotype were also observed.The differences in the serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic frequency of LDL-R AvaⅡpolymorphism or differentgene-enviromental interactions.Bai Ku Yao and Han population,the frequency of A + allele was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han.T between the two ethnic groups.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to detect the展开更多
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2013 guidelines state that a reasonable hemoglobin A1c goal for many nonpregnant adults with diabetes is less than 7.0% a hemoglobin A1c level of less than 6.5% may be considere...The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2013 guidelines state that a reasonable hemoglobin A1c goal for many nonpregnant adults with diabetes is less than 7.0% a hemoglobin A1c level of less than 6.5% may be considered in adults with short duration of diabetes, long life expectancy, and no significant cardiovascular disease if this can be achieved without significant hypoglycemia or other adverse effects of treatment. A hemoglobin A1c level less than 8.0% may be appropriate for patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia, limited life expectancy, advanced macrovascular and microvascular complications, extensive comorbidities, and long-standing diabetes in whom the hemoglobin A1c goal is difficult to attain despite multiple glucoselowering drugs including insulin. The ADA 2013 guidelines recommend that the systolic blood pressure in most diabetics with hypertension should be reduced to less than 140 mmHg. These guidelines also recommend use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in the treatment of hypertension in diabetics unless they are pregnant. Diabetics at high risk for cardiovascular events should have theirserum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowered to less than 70 mg/dL with statins. Lower-risk diabetics should have their serum LDL cholesterol reduced to less than 100 mg/dL. Combination therapy of a statin with either a fibrate or niacin has not been shown to provide additional cardiovascular benefit above statin therapy alone and is not recommended. Hypertriglyceridemia should be treated with dietary and lifestyle changes. Severe hypertriglyceridemia should be treated with drug therapy to reduce the risk of acute pancreatitis.展开更多
Objective:To measure serum copper and protein thiols along with lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients and to establish the relationship between serum copper,protein thiols and lipid profile parameters.Methods: The ...Objective:To measure serum copper and protein thiols along with lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients and to establish the relationship between serum copper,protein thiols and lipid profile parameters.Methods: The study group consisted of 26 newly diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients not associated with any other systemic diseases and 26 age and sex matched healthy controls.Fasting lipid profile was done by enzymatic method using automated analyzer.Serum copper and protein thiols were measured spectrophotometrically.Results: Serum copper and protein-SH levels were significantly decreased in cases(P<0.01,P<0.01) compared to controls.Serum copper correlated positively with protein thiols(r=0.800,P<0.01) and negatively with LDL cholesterol(r=-0.351 P<0.05).Conclusion: Serum copper and protein thiols were decreased in hyperlipidemia and they correlated positively indicating protective role of copper in preventing homocysteinylation of protein and hence in preventing atherosclerosis.展开更多
目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2019年10月-2021年2月收治的T2DM 80例,根据治疗方案分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以甘精胰岛素治疗,观察组予以甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治...目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2019年10月-2021年2月收治的T2DM 80例,根据治疗方案分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以甘精胰岛素治疗,观察组予以甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗。比较2组治疗前后血糖相关指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、血脂[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)]水平、胰岛功能[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)]、炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)]、外周血磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路相关蛋白表达水平,统计2组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗8、16周后,观察组HOMA-β高于对照组,HOMA-IR、FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c、TG、LDL-C、TC水平低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗8、16周后,观察组IL-6、SAA、TNF-α、PI3K、Akt低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗T2DM具有一定安全性,有助于改善患者胰岛功能,调控血糖、血脂水平,其机制可能与微炎症状态及外周血PI3K/Akt信号通路改善有关。展开更多
目的探索轻中度抑郁症(mild to moderate depression,MMD)的脑功能低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)与血清炎症因子的相关性。材料与方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年10月在中国中医科学院广安门医院和西南医科...目的探索轻中度抑郁症(mild to moderate depression,MMD)的脑功能低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)与血清炎症因子的相关性。材料与方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年10月在中国中医科学院广安门医院和西南医科大学附属中医医院精神科被诊断为MDD的患者病例作为MMD组。健康者来源于广告招募,作为健康对照(healthy controls,HC)组。最终共纳入48例MMD患者病例及51例HC,且两组满足性别、年龄及受教育程度相对匹配。受试者均参加功能MRI(functional MRI,fMRI)静息态脑功能扫描,测定血清肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)、白介素2(interleukin 2,IL-2)、高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,HsCRP)和17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(17-items Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,HAMD-17)、14项汉密尔顿焦虑量表(14-items Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,HAMA-14)评分。采用DPABI软件对fMRI数据进行预处理与统计分析,获得两组差异脑区ALFF值,采用Spearman秩相关分别对ALFF值与临床量表及炎症因子值进行相关性分析。结果MMD组在HAMD-17、HAMA-14评分上显著高于健康组(P<0.05),IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、HsCRP水平升高。与健康组相比,MMD组的ALFF值在左侧颞下回增高,右侧颞极、左侧三角部额下回、右侧背外侧额上回减低。相关分析显示:左侧颞下回与HAMD-17、HAMA-14评分、HsCRP水平呈正相关(r=0.591,P<0.001;r=0.549,P<0.001;r=0.479,P<0.001);右侧背外侧额上回与TNF-α呈负相关(r=-0.285,P=0.004),HsCRP水平与HAMD-17、HAMA-14评分呈正相关(r=0.723,P<0.001;r=0.667,P<0.001)。结论MMD患者存在免疫炎症因子异常,MMD组存在ALFF差异脑区,主要位于边缘叶、默认网络等脑网络,其中左侧颞下回、右侧背外侧额上回是外周炎症因子相关的异常脑区,这可能是MMD神经免疫病理机制更为复杂的原因。展开更多
文摘Objectives Bai Ku Yao(White-trousers Yaos)is a special branch of Yao minority in China.They are now living in both Lihu and Baxu villages,Nandan County, Guangxi,China.The population size is about 30,000.The special customs and culture of Bai Ku Yao,including their special clothing,intra-ethnic marriages and alcohol intake are still completely conserved to the present day.In previous epidemiologic studies,we found that the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese from the same region.This ethnic difference in serum lipid profiles is still not well known.We hypothesized that there may be significant differences in some genetic polymorphismsssociation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) genepolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 1024 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 792 participants of Han Chinese were stud- ied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Epidemiological survey was carried out using internationally standardized methods.Information on demographics,socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors was collected with standardized questionnaires. The height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) A1, and ApoB were measured.Body massindex(BMI,kg/m2) was calculated.Genotyping of the LDL-RAvaⅡwas performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results(l)The height,weight,serum TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl levels and the ratio of ApoAl to ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for all),whereas the percentage of subjects who consumed alcohol or smoked cigarettes was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for each).(2) The frequency of A+ allele in Bai Ku Yao was 34.5%,and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A + genotypes were 42.6%,45.9%and 11.5%;respectively. The frequency of A+ allele in Han Chinese was 19.3%(P【0.001),and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes were 64.9%,31.6%and 3.5%(P【0.001);respectively. The frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference between males and females,between normal TC and high TC subgroup, and between normal LDL-C and high LDL-C subgroup (P【0.05 for all),whereas the frequencies of A- and A+ ? alleles in Han Chinese were significant difference between males and females(P【0.05).(3) Serum LDL-C levels in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference among the A-A-, A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.05),the A+ carriers had higher serum LDL-C levels.Serum HDL-C levels in Han Chiese were significant difference among the A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.01),the A+ carriers had higher serum HDL-C levels.(4) After adjusting other factors,the prevalence of LDL-C abnormality was still higher in Han Chiese than in Bai Ku Yao.The prevalence of TC abnormality in Han Chinese was almost twice high as in Bai Ku Yao. The age and diet were common risk factor for TC abnormality. No effect of AvaⅡgenotype or alcohol consumption on the TC abnormality was found,but the combination of geno-type and alcohol consumption can increase the prevalence of TC abnormality[Exp(B) =(1.154)].Age was negatively cor- related with TG level.Conclusions Serum TC and LDL-C levels were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese.There were significant differences in the AvaⅡallele and genotype frequencies between the he A+ carriers in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C levels,whereas the A+ carriers in Han had higher serum HDL-C levels.Interactions between alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and the LDL-R AvaⅡgenotype were also observed.The differences in the serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic frequency of LDL-R AvaⅡpolymorphism or differentgene-enviromental interactions.Bai Ku Yao and Han population,the frequency of A + allele was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han.T between the two ethnic groups.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to detect the
文摘The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2013 guidelines state that a reasonable hemoglobin A1c goal for many nonpregnant adults with diabetes is less than 7.0% a hemoglobin A1c level of less than 6.5% may be considered in adults with short duration of diabetes, long life expectancy, and no significant cardiovascular disease if this can be achieved without significant hypoglycemia or other adverse effects of treatment. A hemoglobin A1c level less than 8.0% may be appropriate for patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia, limited life expectancy, advanced macrovascular and microvascular complications, extensive comorbidities, and long-standing diabetes in whom the hemoglobin A1c goal is difficult to attain despite multiple glucoselowering drugs including insulin. The ADA 2013 guidelines recommend that the systolic blood pressure in most diabetics with hypertension should be reduced to less than 140 mmHg. These guidelines also recommend use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in the treatment of hypertension in diabetics unless they are pregnant. Diabetics at high risk for cardiovascular events should have theirserum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowered to less than 70 mg/dL with statins. Lower-risk diabetics should have their serum LDL cholesterol reduced to less than 100 mg/dL. Combination therapy of a statin with either a fibrate or niacin has not been shown to provide additional cardiovascular benefit above statin therapy alone and is not recommended. Hypertriglyceridemia should be treated with dietary and lifestyle changes. Severe hypertriglyceridemia should be treated with drug therapy to reduce the risk of acute pancreatitis.
文摘Objective:To measure serum copper and protein thiols along with lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients and to establish the relationship between serum copper,protein thiols and lipid profile parameters.Methods: The study group consisted of 26 newly diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients not associated with any other systemic diseases and 26 age and sex matched healthy controls.Fasting lipid profile was done by enzymatic method using automated analyzer.Serum copper and protein thiols were measured spectrophotometrically.Results: Serum copper and protein-SH levels were significantly decreased in cases(P<0.01,P<0.01) compared to controls.Serum copper correlated positively with protein thiols(r=0.800,P<0.01) and negatively with LDL cholesterol(r=-0.351 P<0.05).Conclusion: Serum copper and protein thiols were decreased in hyperlipidemia and they correlated positively indicating protective role of copper in preventing homocysteinylation of protein and hence in preventing atherosclerosis.
文摘目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2019年10月-2021年2月收治的T2DM 80例,根据治疗方案分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以甘精胰岛素治疗,观察组予以甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗。比较2组治疗前后血糖相关指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、血脂[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)]水平、胰岛功能[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)]、炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)]、外周血磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路相关蛋白表达水平,统计2组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗8、16周后,观察组HOMA-β高于对照组,HOMA-IR、FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c、TG、LDL-C、TC水平低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗8、16周后,观察组IL-6、SAA、TNF-α、PI3K、Akt低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗T2DM具有一定安全性,有助于改善患者胰岛功能,调控血糖、血脂水平,其机制可能与微炎症状态及外周血PI3K/Akt信号通路改善有关。
