ERROR COMPENSATION OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES WITH LOW STIFFNESS

A technique for compensating the errors of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with low stiffness is proposed. Some additional items related with the force deformation are introduced to the error compensation aquations. The research was carried on a moving colunm horizontal arm CMM. Experimental results show that both the effects of systematic components of error motions and force deformations are greatly reduced, which shows the effectiveness of proposed technique.

Equivalent Stiffness of Metal Clip⁃Like Piezoelectric Spring Structure

Piezoelectric ceramic is hard to be integrated with the normal spring structure.To address the above problem,this paper proposed a new geometry of a clip‑like spring which is very similar to binder clip in our daily life.The equivalent stiffness of the designed piezoelectric clip‑like spring is thoroughly researched and discussed through the theoretical model,the finite element simulation and the experimental measurement.The results confirm the possibility of designing a compact piezoelectric clip‑like spring,and the equivalent stiffness can be tuned through the several key geometric parameters.Finally,theoretical predictions confirmed by experimental results show that the equivalent stiffness of the spring structure is as function of the instantaneous angle of the clip,this stiffness variation caused by the geometric nonlinearity can be ignored in some practical engineering applications,which means it is possible to linearize the clip‑like spring and simplify the following dynamic model of the corresponding piezoelectric oscillators.

Design and Performance Study of Clutch Disc Assembly of Wide-Angle, Large-Hysteresis, Multistage Damper

The clutch is an important component of the vehicle driveline system.One of its major functions is to attenuate or eliminate the torsional vibration and noise of the driveline system caused by the engine.Based on experiments of vibration damping under different vehicle conditions,the structure and functional principle of a clutch-driven disc assembly for a wide-angle,large-hysteresis,multistage damper is investigated in this study using an innovative combined approach.Furthermore,a systematic integration of key technologies,including wide-angle low-stiffness damping technology,large-hysteresis clutch technology,a novel split pre-damping structure technology,damping structure technology for component cushioning,and multistage damping structure technology,is proposed.The results show that the total torsional angle of the wide-angle large-hysteresis,multistage damper is more than twice that of the traditional clutch damper.The multistage damping design allows a better consideration of various damping requirements under different vehicle conditions,which can effectively address problems of severe idle vibrations and torsional resonance that occur under idled and accelerated conditions.Meanwhile,the use of a large-hysteresis structure and wear-resistant materials not only improves the vibration damping performance,but also prolongs the product service life,consequently resulting in multi-faceted optimization and innovative products.

Material Mechanical Properties Necessary for the Structural Intervention of Concrete Structures

Structural intervention involves the restoration and/or upgrading of the mechanical performances of structures. In addition to concrete and steel, which are typical materials for concrete structures, various ber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), cementitious materials with bers, polymers, and adhesives are often applied for structural intervention. In order to predict structural performance, it is necessary to develop a generic method that is applicable to not only to steel, but also to other materials. Such a generic model could provide information on the mechanical properties required to improve the structural performance. External bonding, which is a typical scheme for structural intervention, is not applied for new structures. It is necessary to clarify material properties and structural details in order to achieve better bonding strength at the interface between the substrate concrete and an externally bonded material. This paper presents the mechanical properties of substrate concrete and relevant intervention material for the fol- lowing purposes: ① to achieve better shear strength and ultimate deformation of a member after struc- tural intervention;and ② to achieve better debonding strength for external bonding. This paper concludes that some of the mechanical properties and structural details for intervention materials that are necessary for improvement in mechanical performance in structures with structural intervention are new, and differ from those of structures without intervention. For example, high strength and stiff- ness are important properties for materials in structures without structural intervention, whereas high fracturing strain and low stiffness are important properties for structural intervention materials.