SSHT Process -a Low Cost Solution for Low Sulfur and Low Aromatics Diesel

The need for cleaner fuels has resulted in a continuing worldwide trend to reduce diesel sulfur and aromatics. There are many approaches to reducing sulfur and aromatics in diesel. Most of them have a common drawback of high cost because of adopting two stages of hydrotreating and using noble-metal catalyst, especially for reducing aromatics. The attempt to resolve this issue has led to the recent development of the Single Stage Hydrotreating (SSHT) process by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP), SINOPEC.The SSHT process is a single-stage hydrotreating technology for producing low sulfur and low aromatics diesel. The process uses one or two non-noble-metal catalysts system and operates at moderate pressure. When revamping an existing unit to meet low aromatics diesel specification, the only thing to do is to add a reactor or replace the existing reactor, In pilot plant tests, the SSHT technology has successfully treated SRGO (Straight Run Gas Oil), LCO (Light Cycle Oil) or the blend of them. It is shown that by using the SSHT process diesel with sulfur of 30 ppm and aromatics of 15 m% can be produced from Middle-East SRGO and diesel with aromatics content of 25 m% can be produced from cracked feed, such as FCC-LCO. High diesel yield and cetane number gain (from cracked feed stocks) give the SSHT technology a performance advantage compared to conventional hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes.The lower investment and operating cost is another advantage. The first commercial application of the SSHT technology has been in operation since September 2001.

Influence of Rare Earths on Improve Impact Property of Structural Alloy Steel with Extra Low Sulfur and Oxygen

The influence of rare earth lanthanum and cerium on impact property of structural alloy steel with extra low sulfur and oxygen was studied by impact test and microanalysis. The results showed that rare earths increased impact power of the steel when their contents were about 0.005%. Proper addition of rare earths could purify grain boundaries and decrease amount of inclusions, and reduced the possibility of crack growth along grain boundaries and through inclusions. Therefore, such steel could absorb more crack growth energy while it was impacted. However, if the content of rare earths is excessive, the grain boundary would be weakened and brittle-hard phosphates and Fe-RE intermetallic would be formed, which worsened impact toughness of steel.

Waste Plastic Conversion into Hydrocarbon Fuel like Low Sulfur Diesel

Energy plays a vital role in our modern civilization. Energy has needs in every sector all over the world, such as transportation, industrial development, home heating, and electricity production and in our daily life. Till now most of the energy production depends on the crude oil sources but in our planet the crude oil sources are limited. There is a probability that once these energy sources may come to an end, it could cause disastrous collapse of the human civilization considering the future fade of this universe scientist and researchers all over the world had been doing research for new alternate energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, bio-fuel etc. Plastics are produced mainly from crude oil. Incomprehensible amount of plastic bags are consumed every year all over the world and after use the discarded plastics bags become a severe problems to the natural environment. Dumping of these waste plastics create hazardous land fill problems, to avoid this problem transport of plastic waste to landfill cost $2800/ton. A new simple and cost effective technology has been developed for the conversion of the waste plastics into low sulfur diesel fuel. This developed technology can convert most types of waste plastic into low sulfur diesel fuel.

Behavior of Rare Earthsin UltraLowSulfur Microalloyed Steel

The investigation on the behavior of RE in microalloyed steel containing Nb and Ti indicates RE still have the effect of purifying molten steel and metamorphose inclusions even when the composition of S is pretty low(S<0 003%). The optimum performance of the experimental steels can be obtained when w RE / w O+S is controlled around 3 9. The content of solid solution RE can reach 1×10 -5 ～1×10 -4 order of magnitude in ultra low sulfur steel. The additions of RE can reduce the segregation of S and P at the grain boundary, delay the dynamic recrystallization, refine the grain and second phase particles, and promote the precipitation of (Nb, Ti)(C, N). RE also exhibit the microalloying effect in steel.

Technical Study on Ultra-Low Sulfur Steel Production in Ansteel

Based on the fact of long period deep desulfurization treatment in LF,the relationships among top slag constituent in LF,molten steel constituent,stirring ability of blowing argon,molten steel temperature and desulphurization rate were analyzed.Through the experiments,the parameters about treatment technology of top slag in LF,the [Als] content in molten steel,slag charge match,molten steel temperature and the argon flow for stirring have been optimized.The desulphurization treatment period in LF can be shortened by 5～8 minutes.The target sulfur content in molten steel can be controlled below 30 ppm within one LF treatment period which is only 36 minutes.The LF treatment period of ultra-low sulfur steel can primarily match with the continuous casting period,multi-heat continuous casting can be ensured.

Correlation of Deactivation of Ni-Mo-W/Al2O3 during Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Production with Surface Carbon Species

The deactivation of a Ni-Mo-W/Al_2O_3 catalyst during ultra-low-sulfur diesel production was investigated in a pilot plant. The reasons of catalyst deactivation were analyzed by the methods of elemental analysis, BET and TG-MS. The results showed that the catalyst deactivation rate was notable at the beginning of run, and then gradually reached a steady state after 448 h. In the initial period the catalyst deactivation may mainly be caused by the formation of the carbon deposits. The carbon deposits blocked the catalyst pores and the accessibility of active center decreased. The TG-MS analysis identified three types of carbon species deposited on the catalysts, viz.: the low temperature carbon deposit with high H/C atomic ratio, the medium temperature carbon deposit, and the high temperature carbon with low H/C atomic ratio. The amount of high temperature carbon deposits on the catalyst determined the overall activity and, therefore the high temperature carbon was a major contributor to the deactivation of Ni-Mo-W catalyst.

Mechanism explanation for SO_2 oxidation rate of Cs-Rb-V series sulfuric acid catalyst at low temperature

The reaction kinetics of SO 2 oxidation on Cs Rb V series sulfuric acid catalyst promoted by alkali salts such as cesium and rubidium was studied. A three step reaction mechanism of SO 2 oxidation was proposed, in which it was assumed that oxidation of quadrivalent vanadium complex was a controlling step. Then, a mechanism model equation was concluded according to the three step reaction mechanism. The SO 2 oxidation rate was measured with a non gradient reactor under the conditions of temperature of 380～520?℃ and space velocity of 3?600～7?200?h -1 . Through calculating with Powell nonlinear regression method, the parameters of model equation were obtained: K 1=0.152?exp(-62?073/ (RT) ), K 2=8.18?exp(-2?384/ (RT) ), K 3=0.221?exp(-18?949/ (RT) ). It was found that the model equation could fit with all the experimental reaction rate data very well. [

Characteristics of ultrafine particle from a compressionignition engine fueled with low sulfur diesel

Number size distributions (NSDs, 10―487 nm) and composition of nanoparticle emitted from an engine fueled with ordinary diesel (OD) and low sulfur diesel (LSD) fuel were comparatively studied. The results indicate that, compared with the OD, the LSD was found to slightly decrease the mass concentration, and significantly reduce the number concentration of the total particles (10―487 nm), and the reduction of number increased with the speed and load of engine. The NSD for the two fuels showed a similar bimodal structure under all test engine conditions. Under the same engine conditions, the nucleation mode for LSD fuel was significantly lower than that of ordinary diesel. However, the accumulation mode for the two fuels showed little difference. The elements composition of exhaust particles included C, O, Cl, S, Si, Ca, Na, Al and K. The S element was not detected in LSD fuel case. The main component of soluble organic fraction (SOF) of exhaust particles for the two fuels included saturated alkane (C15―C26), ester and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, PAHs were not found in LSD fuel case.

低硫条件下船舶主机缸套-活塞环磨损现状与应对策略

国际海事组织(IMO)的“限硫令”于2020年1月在全球范围内实施后,燃用低硫燃油(LSFO)成为许多远洋公司的主要选择。对多家远洋公司船舶主机燃用LSFO后的运行状况进行调研,发现缸套、活塞环等零部件存在异常磨损及故障显著增多的现象。将LSFO对船舶主机的影响以及其实际应用案例进行分析与总结,并针对燃用LSFO的主机所出现的异常磨损和故障现象提出应对策略。该研究有助于解决LSFO条件下船舶主机缸套和活塞环异常磨损问题的实际需求,希望进一步推动LSFO条件下缸套和活塞环异常磨损的机理研究。

SPA-H钢低氧出钢的生产技术实践

针对生产SPA-H钢冶炼中低氧控制出钢技术开展研究,分析了相关热力学理论及低氧出钢必要性,确定了SPA-H钢合理低氧范围应为(198~333)×10^(-6)。为实现低氧控制开展了技术改进,合理控制转炉终渣成分,合理排产,实行灵活的溅渣护炉措施;改进冶炼制度,采用“一批料”模式或留少量料模式,改进氧枪工作参数,降低平均枪位,优化枪位控制,保证低枪位拉碳时间,终点温度按照1680℃控制,碳按照0.06%~0.11%控制;采用碳—氧修正模型、转炉质谱仪等辅助手段。改进后,平均终点氧含量降低,氧含量80%控制在选定合理范围,磷、硫、碳及锰含量控制水平均有提升。

低温加氢催化剂CT6-13在硫磺尾气处理系统的应用

中国石油四川石化有限责任公司硫磺回收装置采用加氢还原吸收工艺及专用加氢催化剂进行尾气处理。将低温加氢催化剂CT6-13与常规加氢催化剂CT6-5B从物性、装填方法及预硫化、技术性能等方面进行了对比。深入对比分析CT6-5B和CT6-13在尾气加氢反应器的应用情况,发现采用CT6-13催化剂,节能降耗效果明显,尾气排放满足总硫不大于50μL/L、SO_(2)排放浓度不大于100 mg/m^(3)的设计要求。配套高效脱硫剂CT8-26及烟气洗涤技术,可实现开工过程尾气达标排放及日常运行过程尾气SO_(2)排放浓度不大于5 mg/m^(3)的超低排放。在节能降耗的同时解决了开停工及异常工况下的绿色生产及制约硫磺回收装置尾气焚烧炉长周期运行瓶颈问题。

低温液相法从脱硫废渣中制备不溶性硫磺

HPF脱硫废渣是煤气脱硫工序的副产物,含有焦油、铵盐、酚、萘等多种杂质,是煤化工企业难以处理的固体废弃物。通过萃取-结晶技术,得到了纯度高于99.97%的高纯度硫磺。在较低的温度条件下,用提纯的硫磺制备了不溶性硫磺,通过三因素三水平正交试验,得到了低温液相法的最佳工艺条件。采用化学分析、差热、热重分析和X射线衍射分析技术,对产品的结构和性质进行了分析定性。试验结果表明,不溶性硫磺晶体结构和普通硫磺存在显著差异,具有较好的热稳定性。

低碱条件下新型抑制剂实现铜硫高效分离的试验研究

针对铜硫浮选分离过程中大量添加石灰引起的管道堵塞、矿浆环境差等问题,开发了一种新型黄铁矿抑制剂BY,应用于缅甸某硫化铜矿浮选试验并获得了良好的指标。该矿石含铜1.4%、硫8.95%,主要含铜矿物为黄铜矿,含硫矿物为黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿。采用抑制剂BY通过一粗两精一扫的浮选工艺流程,获得的铜精矿Cu品位为25.13%、回收率为93.47%,S品位为33.97%、回收率为19.93%。与石灰相比,精矿中铜品位和回收率分别提高了0.99和0.16个百分点,硫品位和回收率分别降低了1.01和2.14个百分点,闭路试验粗选pH值可由12降低至9.7,可实现低碱环境中铜硫的高效分离。

不同生产条件石油焦制备锂离子电池负极材料的性能分析

低硫石油焦用于生产锂离子电池负极材料是提高其附加值和节约资源的一个重要途径。将不同生产工艺条件下制备的低硫石油焦经过碳化、石墨化制备锂离子电池负极材料,对物化性质和电化学性质进行了分析,探索其作为锂电负极材料的应用性。结果表明:在常规的炼厂延迟焦化装置中,低硫石油焦石墨化后首次库伦效率为82.79%,200次循环稳定容量为273.1 mA·h·g^(-1),电流密度为2 C(744 mA·g^(-1))时石墨化的低硫石油焦容量保持率为99.4%,达到了商业电池的使用要求。结果说明低硫石油焦经过石墨化处理后在锂离子电池方面有巨大的应用潜力。

某高硫低品位铜矿浮选试验研究

安徽某高硫低品位铜矿硫品位41.30%、铜品位0.53%,易氧化,选矿指标不稳定。为了改善铜硫分离效果,研究了磨矿细度、药剂种类和药剂用量等对浮选指标的影响。结果表明,磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占83.88%,采用一粗二精二扫闭路浮选流程,以CaO+Na_(2)S为组合抑制剂、Z-200为捕收剂、2#油为起泡剂,获得了铜品位15.27%、回收率80.96%的技术指标。试验结果可为高硫低品位铜矿浮选回收铜提供参考。

锌硫分离低碱浮选药剂研究进展

闪锌矿与黄铁矿在低碱条件下的浮选分离一直是选矿领域的热点与难点。传统的锌硫分离方法通常需要在添加石灰的高碱环境下进行,但是大量使用石灰会造成管道堵塞、后续金属矿物活化困难等问题,因此无碱或低碱条件下的锌硫分离浮选药剂的选择尤为重要。综述了锌硫分离浮选药剂的研究进展,介绍了低碱抑制剂(有机抑制剂、无机抑制剂和新型抑制剂)和低碱选择性捕收剂(黄药类、阳离子捕收剂、组合捕收剂和新型捕收剂)的种类以及它们的分选机理,总结了各类低碱浮选药剂的优缺点,并探讨了在低碱环境下分离闪锌矿和黄铁矿所用浮选药剂的研究方向。

催化裂化油浆和渣油生产低硫重质船用燃料油技术研究

通过分析7种典型催化裂化油浆(简称油浆)性质及固体颗粒的粒度分布,发现不同来源的油浆性质差异较大,油浆中绝大部分固体颗粒粒径小于50μm,其中粒径为1~10μm的固体颗粒体积分数超过50%。采用3代柔性滤材开展油浆脱固试验,结果表明,第三代滤材对油浆的脱固率最高,(Al+Si)脱除率超过97%,滤材再生性能好。在氢分压为3.0 MPa的条件下,开展油浆低压临氢脱固脱硫工艺研究,结果表明,该工艺原料适应性好、产品质量稳定。以脱固脱硫油浆和加氢渣油为组分开展低硫重质船用燃料油调合试验研究,调合时多数性能指标符合线性规律,经济性调合配方中油浆的质量比例高于30%。

FHUDS系列催化剂在PKOP柴油加氢装置工业应用

中石化(大连)石油化工研究院(FRIPP)在研制FHUDS系列柴油加氢催化剂基础上,通过载体调变、活性金属优化及活化方式的改进、大孔径改性氧化铝催化材料研制等多项创新,开发新一代FHUDS-10和FHUDS-7催化剂。2023年3月,FHUDS-10和FHUDS-7催化剂(硫化态)级配体系在中国石油(哈萨克斯坦)奇姆肯特炼油公司(PKOP)200万t·a^(-1)柴油加氢精制装置实现工业应用。应用结果表明:加工以直馏柴油、减黏裂化柴油和轻催化柴油为原料的混合柴油,已经连续14个月稳定生产低硫的清洁柴油,证明该催化剂体系具有较高的加氢活性和稳定性。

高铁低硫型铝土矿的工艺矿物学研究

铝土矿主要由铝的氢氧化物、氧化物和硅酸盐矿物组成,是生产金属铝的主要原料。以某高铁低硫型铝土矿为研究对象,采用元素分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法,研究铝土矿的化学组成、主要矿物的嵌布关系、矿物表面形貌等。结果表明,矿石中Al_(2)O_(3)含量为44.22%,SiO_(2)含量为5.71%,二者的比值约为7.74。矿石中主要矿物为三水铝石,褐铁矿(水针铁矿)和勃姆石含量较少。它既含有少量石英、高岭石、绿泥石和钛铁矿,又含有微量钠长石、方解石、磷灰石、一水硬铝石、铁素体和金红石等。褐铁矿中分散有微量铝,大多数褐铁矿和石英以极细粒夹杂物的形式包裹在铝矿物集合体中。矿物粒度分析表明,铝矿物集合体嵌布粒度不小于0.074 mm的累计含量为92.50%,较集中于0.015~0.060 mm,嵌布粒度小于0.010 mm的含量为0.5%;铁矿物集合体嵌布粒度不小于0.074 mm的累计含量为34.45%,嵌布粒度小于0.010 mm的含量较高,为43.44%;石英嵌布粒度不小于0.074 mm的累计含量为40.15%,嵌布粒度小于0.010 mm的含量较高,为39.86%。矿石中的大部分铝以独立矿物的形式存在。

生产低硫残渣型船用燃料的加氢反应条件研究

为生产低硫残渣型船用燃料油,采用典型高硫渣油原料在中型渣油加氢装置上开展了反应条件(体积空速、氢分压、反应温度及氢油比等)对渣油加氢脱硫及残炭加氢转化过程影响规律的研究,并进行了反应条件优化试验。结果表明:在相同催化剂体系下,体积空速、氢分压和反应温度是影响渣油选择性加氢脱硫的关键因素,而氢油比的影响较小;在兼顾加氢催化剂体系的加氢脱硫性能和稳定性的前提下,较高且适宜的体积空速(0.20~0.24 h^(-1))、适合的氢分压(13~15 MPa)以及不高于380℃的反应温度更有利于渣油选择性加氢脱硫。基于以上结果,通过综合调整匹配不同反应参数,在满足加氢产品硫质量分数低于0.50%的情况下,残炭提升了11.3百分点、降残炭率降低了5.1百分点。