The present study proposes ethanol-nitromethane mixture as a safe, storable, andlow toxic monopropellant for a gas generator cycle air turbo ramjet engine and evaluates itspropulsion performance. The present study pro...The present study proposes ethanol-nitromethane mixture as a safe, storable, andlow toxic monopropellant for a gas generator cycle air turbo ramjet engine and evaluates itspropulsion performance. The present study proposes that nitromethane is mixed with ethanolto adjust gas generator combustion temperature. The author developed the computational codefor the present analysis and verified its accuracy. The specific thrust of ethanol-nitromethane isnearly identical to that of ethanol-liquified oxygen and is higher than methanol-hydroxylammonium nitrate aqueous solution and hydrazine. Hydrazine has the highest Ispamong the propellants in the present analysis. However, Isp of ethanol-nitromethane is nearlyequal to that of ethanol-liquified oxygen and higher than those of methanol-hydroxylammonium nitrate aqueous solution, and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-ammonium perchlorate. With the propellant-to-air ratio range in the present study, ethanol-nitromethane has the stoichiometric condition at the ram combustor around the propellant-to-air ratio range from 0.2 to 0.25 and can obtain high ram combustion temperature. This resultis favorable for ethanol-nitromethane because it improves the specific thrust and the specificimpulse. Therefore, ethanol-nitromethane can be a promising low-toxic liquid monopropellantfor the air turbo ramjet engine.展开更多
Visual functions and nutrition metabolic characteristics werestudied in 8 subjects(16 eyes)with tobacco-toxic optic neuropathy(TTON).Their visual functions tested by psychophysical and electrophysiologicmethods showed...Visual functions and nutrition metabolic characteristics werestudied in 8 subjects(16 eyes)with tobacco-toxic optic neuropathy(TTON).Their visual functions tested by psychophysical and electrophysiologicmethods showed that:1.central vision diminished in 16 eyes,2.dyschromatopsias were found in 14 tested eyes,3.bilateral symmetricalcentral or cecocentral scotomas were the visual field characteristics in allcases,4.PVEP were severe abnormal in 3 spatial frequencies in all cases and56.3% of 15' checkboard ...展开更多
文摘The present study proposes ethanol-nitromethane mixture as a safe, storable, andlow toxic monopropellant for a gas generator cycle air turbo ramjet engine and evaluates itspropulsion performance. The present study proposes that nitromethane is mixed with ethanolto adjust gas generator combustion temperature. The author developed the computational codefor the present analysis and verified its accuracy. The specific thrust of ethanol-nitromethane isnearly identical to that of ethanol-liquified oxygen and is higher than methanol-hydroxylammonium nitrate aqueous solution and hydrazine. Hydrazine has the highest Ispamong the propellants in the present analysis. However, Isp of ethanol-nitromethane is nearlyequal to that of ethanol-liquified oxygen and higher than those of methanol-hydroxylammonium nitrate aqueous solution, and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-ammonium perchlorate. With the propellant-to-air ratio range in the present study, ethanol-nitromethane has the stoichiometric condition at the ram combustor around the propellant-to-air ratio range from 0.2 to 0.25 and can obtain high ram combustion temperature. This resultis favorable for ethanol-nitromethane because it improves the specific thrust and the specificimpulse. Therefore, ethanol-nitromethane can be a promising low-toxic liquid monopropellantfor the air turbo ramjet engine.
基金This study was supported by Zhongshan ophthalmic Center,SUMS.
文摘Visual functions and nutrition metabolic characteristics werestudied in 8 subjects(16 eyes)with tobacco-toxic optic neuropathy(TTON).Their visual functions tested by psychophysical and electrophysiologicmethods showed that:1.central vision diminished in 16 eyes,2.dyschromatopsias were found in 14 tested eyes,3.bilateral symmetricalcentral or cecocentral scotomas were the visual field characteristics in allcases,4.PVEP were severe abnormal in 3 spatial frequencies in all cases and56.3% of 15' checkboard ...