Low-temperature conformal vacuum deposition of OLED devices using close-space sublimation

Close-space sublimation(CSS)has been demonstrated as an alternative vacuum deposition technique for fabricating organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).CSS utilizes a planar donor plate pre-coated with organic thin films as an area source to rapidly transfer the donor film to a device substrate at temperatures below 200℃.CSS is also conformal and capable of depositing on odd-shaped substrates using flexible donor media.The evaporation behaviors of organic donor films under CSS were fully characterized using model OLED materials and CSS-deposited films exhibited comparable device performances in an OLED stack to films deposited by conventional point sources.The low temperature and conformal nature of CSS,along with its high material utilization and short process time,make it a promising method for fabricating flexible OLED displays.

Effect of Inertial Shock on RF MEMS Capacitive Switches Property in Low Vacuum

The influence of outside inertial shock combined with RF signal voltages on the properties of a shunt capacitive MEMS switch encapsulated in a low vacuum environment is analyzed considering the damping of the air around the MEMS switch membrane. An analytical expression that approximately computes the displacement induced by outside shock is obtained. According to the expression, the minimum required mechanical stiffness constant of an MEMS switch beam in some maximum tolerated insertion loss condition and some external inertial shock environment or the insertion loss induced by external inertial shock can also be obtained. The influence is also illustrated with an RF MEMS capacitive switch example,which shows that outside environment factors have to be taken into account when designing RF MEMS capacitive switches working in low vacuum. While encapsulating RF MEMS switches in low vacuum diminishes the air damping and improves the switch speed and operation voltage,the performances of a switch is incident to being influenced by outside environment. This study is very useful for the optimized design of RF MEMS capacitive switches working in low vacuum.

Numerical Simulation of Low Current Vacuum Arc Supersonic Flow

Based on a two-dimensional axisymmetric magneto-hydrodynamic （MHD） model, low current vacuum arc （LCVA） characteristics are studied. The influence of cathode process under different axial magnetic fields and different anode radii on LCVA characteristics is also simulated. The results show that the influence of both cathode process and anode radii on LCVA is significant. The sign of anode sheath potentials can change from negative to positive with the decrease of anode radii. The simulation results are in part verified by experimental results. Especially, as the effect of ion kinetic energy is considered, ion temperature is improved significantly; which is in agreement with experimental results.

Influence of Jet Angle and Ion Density of Cathode Side on Low Current Vacuum Arc Characteristics

In this study, the influence of the initial jet angles （IJAs） and ion number densities （INDs） at the cathode side on the low current vacuum arc （LCVA） characteristics is simulated and analysed. The results show that the ion temperature, electron temperature, ion number density, axial current density and plasma pressure all decrease with the increase of the cathode IJAs. It is also shown that LCVA can cause a current constriction for lower cathode IND, and the anode sheath potential is more nonuniform, which is mainly related to the nonuniform distribution of the axial current density at the anode side.

Numerical Simulation of Vacuum Preloading for Chemically Conditioned Municipal Sludge

Municipal sludge is a sedimentation waste produced during the wastewater process in sewage treatment plants.Among recent studies,pilot and field tests showed that chemical conditioning combined with vacuum preloading can effectively treat municipal sludge.To further understand the drainage and consolidation characteristics of the conditioning sludge during vacuum preloading,a large deformation nonlinear numerical simulation model based on the equal strain condition was developed to simulate and analyze the pilot and field tests,whereas the simulation results were not satisfactory.The results of the numerical analysis of the pilot test showed that the predicted consolidation degree was greater than that measured by the field tests,which is attributed to the relatively low permeability layer formed during the preloading process of the prefabricated vertical drain.To better reflect the consolidation process of the conditioned sludge,a simplified analysis method considering the low permeability layer around the prefabricated vertical drain was proposed.The initial permeability coefficient of the low permeability layer is determined via numerical simulations using finite difference method.The predicted settlement curve was in good agreement with the measured results,which indicated that the numerical simulation based on the equal strain condition considering the relatively low permeability layer can better analyze the consolidation process of ferric chloride-conditioning sludge with vacuum preloading.

低温真空油炸柿子脆片工艺优化及其品质分析

本文以柿子为原料,开展油炸温度、油炸时间、脱油时间以及切片厚度4个单因素对低温真空油炸柿子品质影响,并根据Box-Behnken试验原理,以柿子脆片的脆度、色差为响应值对低温真空油炸柿子脆片加工工艺进行优化,进一步对最终产品理化成分、微生物指标和微观结构进行分析。结果表明,油炸温度、油炸时间、脱油时间和切片厚度都影响柿子脆片的脆度和色差,经响应面优化试验分析并根据实际修正确定低温真空油炸柿子脆片的最佳工艺为:脱油时间5 min、油炸时间50 min、油炸温度80℃、切片厚度5.5 mm。该条件下柿子脆片脆度858.97 g、色差值ΔE 17.28、水分含量2.60%、含油率为22.53%、可滴定酸0.34 g/L、V_(C)含量31.20 mg/100 g;柿子脆片产品色泽金黄、形状完整,脆片内部呈现蜂窝状多孔疏松结构,产品口感酥脆,微生物指标符合卫生要求。本研究可为柿子低温真空油炸脆片产品的开发提供技术支撑。

低表面能氟碳聚合物涂层真空热循环及防爬移特性研究

低表面能氟碳聚合物涂层是一种抑制空间用油脂润滑剂爬移流失的关键材料,该材料的应用可为空间油脂润滑活动机构实现长寿命、高可靠运行提供技术保障。采用水接触角测试仪、X射线荧光能谱仪、光学显微镜等对自研的氟碳聚合物涂层进行了真空热循环前后的接触角、表面能变化以及对多烷基环戊烷(MACs)润滑油防爬移特性的研究。结果表明,9Cr18不锈钢、2A12铝合金和TC4钛合金三种不同金属基体表面涂覆聚合物涂层后的表面能分别为8.797 mN/m、9.083 mN/m和9.203 mN/m;在温度−45~+90℃下,经过30天、60次真空热循环后,涂层的表面能分别为8.915 mN/m、9.209 mN/m和9.266 mN/m,仍然较低。涂层与MACs润滑油之间存在明显界面,涂层上距离润滑油200μm界面处的XPS分析未发现MACs润滑油的特征峰,表明没有润滑油爬移扩散至涂层处,低表面能氟碳聚合物涂层对MACs润滑油能够起到有效的“防爬移”作用。

肉桂精油处理结合真空包装对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜作用

为探究肉桂精油对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜效果,用不同浓度的肉桂精油溶液浸泡牛肉并真空包装后于4℃下贮藏20 d,以菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮值、硫代巴比妥酸值、pH值以及感官评分为指标,测定肉桂精油对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜效果,同时考察牛肉中肉桂醛含量变化和精油对牛肉适口性的影响。结果表明,肉桂精油处理结合真空包装对冷鲜牛肉有显著保鲜作用,且浓度越大保鲜效果越好,1.2%肉桂精油处理后的牛肉在第20天各项指标仍在标准范围内。牛肉的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮值和pH值的增长速度均得到控制,脂质过氧化程度得到延缓。肉桂醛含量对冷鲜牛肉适口性影响结果表明,经过1.2%肉桂精油保鲜的牛肉中,肉桂醛含量仅为0.09 mL/kg,并不影响牛肉的口感。因此,肉桂精油结合真空包装对鲜牛肉具有很好的保鲜效果,且不会影响牛肉的适口性。

低温温差条件下不同尺寸比例钢化真空玻璃变形特征研究

钢化真空玻璃导热差且具有冷收缩性能,当两侧玻璃温度差异较明显时,在冷收缩作用下,导致钢化真空玻璃弯曲变形,甚至出现真空环境失效,这极大限制了钢化真空玻璃在寒带地区的推广应用。基于此,进行了低温温差下钢化真空玻璃的变形测试和数值模拟,分析了低温温差和不同尺寸比例下,钢化真空玻璃两侧玻璃之间的协同变形规律。结果表明:试验与数值模拟结果相对误差在2%以内,钢化真空玻璃热-力学耦合模型具有可靠性;低温条件下玻璃整体向上弯曲变形,中心点向内凹陷,变形与温差呈正比关系;同一温差下,钢化真空玻璃长边长度相同时,随着长宽比的减小,长边上的最大变形量会增大。能够为钢化真空玻璃在极寒地区的推广应用及生产工艺的改进提供理论依据。

基于响应面法的枸杞低温真空干燥工艺优化

为了提升枸杞的干燥品质,减少它的营养物质流失和色泽褐变等问题,采用低温真空干燥技术加工枸杞,研究了不同干燥温度、真空度、热水流速对枸杞干燥品质及特性的影响。在前期单因素的基础上,以枸杞的平均干燥速率、干燥不均匀度、色差、复水率4个指标进行响应面分析,建立了枸杞低温真空干燥的二次多项式回归模型。试验结果表明,各因素对枸杞干燥品质综合评分的影响从大到小为:干燥温度、真空度、热水流速;枸杞的最佳工艺参数为干燥温度67℃、真空度0.086 MPa、热水流速2.2 m/s,综合评分值为0.713,与预测结果偏差仅为1.5%。低温真空干燥提高了枸杞的品质与特性,为枸杞低温真空干燥技术的应用提供参考。

真空蒸馏还原工艺在处理含铅锌物料中的能耗核算

某企业采用真空蒸馏置换处理工艺每年处理10万t含铅锌物料,该工艺主要以混合渣和低品位铅锌矿为原料,以焦炭为还原剂,经原料干燥、混合、压球、真空还原蒸馏、冷凝、精炼等工序制取金属锌及铅合金。年综合能耗14721.53tce,锌锭产品单位能耗736.08kgce/t,达到国内先进水平,具有明显的节能环保优势.

Multi-effect distillation system for seawater desalination driven by tidal energy and low grade energy

A multi-effect distillation technology for seawater desalination driven by tidal energy and low grade energy is presented.In the system,tidal energy is utilized to supply power instead of coventional electric pumps during the operation,resulting in the decrease of dependence on steady electric power supply and a reduction in the running costs.According to the technological principle,a testing unit is designed and built.The effects of the feed seawater temperature and the heat source temperature on the unit performance are tested and analyzed.The experimental results show that the fresh water output is 27 kg/h when the heating water temperature is 65 ℃ and the absolute pressure is 25 kPa.The experimental and theoretical analysis results indicate that the appropriate heating water temperature is a key factor in ensuring the steady operation of the system.

星敏感器热稳定性地面验证技术

受空间复杂热环境影响,星敏感器姿态测量结果存在轨道周期的光轴热漂移低频误差,因此需对星敏感器进行热设计并进行热稳定性试验验证。文章提出星敏感器热稳定性试验总体方案,并建立热稳定性试验系统;依据航天器真空热环境试验规范,提出星敏感器热稳定性试验判据与条件;针对试验系统误差提出控制方法并针对某型星敏感器开展热稳定性试验,结果表明星敏感器光轴热漂移量为0.114(″)/℃,满足设计指标要求。试验验证了该星敏感器热设计的有效性。

封接温度对双银Low-E真空平板玻璃膜层光学性能的影响

通过高温封接工艺制备双银Low-E真空平板玻璃,分别采用460、480、500、520℃4组温度进行封接,并对各封接温度下膜层的表面及断面微观形貌与膜层的光学性能进行测试,讨论封接温度对膜层的可见光谱透射比、近红外光谱吸收比、中远红外光谱反射比的影响规律。结果表明,高温封接处理可提高Low-E膜层表面的致密度,优化各化学膜层及膜层与玻璃基体的结合性能,膜层的可见光谱透射比、中远红外光谱反射比显著提高,而近红外光谱吸收比略有减小。480℃封接温度下的膜层性能最佳,超过500℃后膜层中的Ag膜破损并团聚形成聚合物,膜层性能下降。

马蹄脆片微波真空干燥工艺优化及其水分变化

以马蹄为原料,采用微波真空干燥技术干燥马蹄脆片,考察微波功率、干燥温度、真空度、切片厚度对马蹄脆片色差值、总糖含量、脆度的影响,以响应面试验优化干燥工艺,采用低场核磁共振技术研究马蹄脆片干燥过程水分变化情况。结果表明,微波真空干燥马蹄脆片的最佳工艺为微波功率2.0 kW、干燥温度71℃、真空度-95 kPa、切片厚度3.1 mm,所得产品色差值、总糖含量、脆度分别为3.42、50.51 mg/100 g、464.96 g,产品色泽白亮,酥脆可口,马蹄风味浓厚。低场核磁共振检测结果表明:马蹄片内部主要存在3种状态水,分别是自由水、不易流动水及结合水,其中自由水占比较高、结合水和不易流动水的比例相对较低,在最佳工艺下到达干燥终点时自由水完全除去,只剩少量的不易流动水以及结合水。

干燥方式对毛竹笋全粉理化特性及结构的影响

为探究干燥方式对毛竹笋全粉(Phyllostachys pubescens shoot powder,PPSP)理化特性及结构的影响,该实验以毛竹笋为原料,采用喷雾干燥(Spray drying,SD)、热风干燥(Hot air drying,HAD)和低温真空干燥(Low-temperature vacuum drying,LVD)3种方式制备PPSP,比较3种PPSP的营养成分、持水力、持油力、膨胀力、色泽等理化特性,并通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜分析其结构。结果表明,不同干燥方式制备的PPSP营养成分差异显著(P<0.05),LVD组的蛋白质、不溶性膳食纤维、灰分、总糖含量均显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),而水分、可溶性膳食纤维含量最低;HAD组中可溶性膳食纤维含量最高,达5.79%;HAD组样品的持水力和持油力分别为4.10、1.91 g/g,显著高于SD组和LVD组(P<0.05);SD样品的膨胀力最高,达到3.85 mL/g;3组PPSP的滑角和休止角差异显著(P<0.05),其中,SD>LVD>HAD;3组PPSP的L*值、a*值、b*值均有显著差异(P<0.05),LVD样品的L*值为77.32,显著高于SD和HAD样品(P<0.05),且其a*值和b*值最低,分别为3.74、14.50;SD和LVD显著降低了样品的热稳定性(P<0.05)。干燥方式未改变PPSP的基本结构和官能团以及晶体结构。扫描电镜观察到SD制备的PPSP颗粒尺寸明显减小,分布更为均匀。综上所述,LVD制备的毛竹笋干制品营养、理化特性及结构整体最佳,其次是SD。研究结果可为高品质PPSP的制备提供理论参考。

Low-E玻璃生产线伺服电机传动控制系统

根据Low-E工程玻璃生产线传动系统的特点,提出一种基于西门子S7-400PLC和SEW伺服电机的分布式传动控制系统;描述系统的网络构架和底层伺服电机的控制策略。阐述伺服电机的选型方法和参数计算公式,设计伺服控制器的典型程序。该系统采用单CPU模块,双上位机管理,基于WINCC与STEP7的软件平台,实现生产线传动系统的实时监控。生产实践结果表明:基于该传动控制系统结构完备、功能丰富、工作稳定、性能优良,达到Low-E工程玻璃磁控溅射法生产工艺对生产线传动系统的性能要求,有利于实现生产线的自动化。

不同干燥方式对毛竹笋全粉中氨基酸含量和蛋白质结构的影响

为探究不同干燥方式对竹笋全粉氨基酸含量及蛋白质结构的影响,该实验采用喷雾干燥(spray drying,SD)、热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)、微波干燥(microwave drying,MD)、低温真空干燥(low-temperature vacuum drying,LVD)4种方式制备毛竹笋全粉(Phyllostachys pubescens shoot powder,PPSP),分析了4种干燥方式的PPSP氨基酸组成及含量,并基于拉曼光谱酰胺Ⅰ带比较了4组样品蛋白质二级结构变化。结果表明,LVD制备的PPSP总氨基酸含量最高,为29.19 g/100 g,其次为SD,HAD制备的PPSP总氨基酸含量最低。LVD组的PPSP中必需氨基酸含量最高,为10.43 g/100 g,占总氨基酸含量的35.73%。LVD和SD制备的PPSP中呈味氨基酸含量分别为17.58 g/100 g、15.81 g/100 g,显著高于HAD和MD组的呈味氨基酸含量。LVD样品中氨基酸组成最接近于标准模式谱。通过主成分分析提取出2个主成分,累计方差贡献率达89.45%,综合评分结果为:LVD>SD>MD>HAD,聚类热图将4种干燥方式分为3类。干燥后的PPSP蛋白质中β-折叠结构最高,占总二级结构的74.66%~83.35%,HAD样中β-折叠、α-螺旋结构含量明显高于其他样品。该研究可为毛竹笋干燥及竹笋全粉的开发利用提供理论参考。

低真空管道磁浮列车交会激波流场特性分析

为了解决管道列车高速运行时产生的激波等气动效应问题,通过建立三维仿真模型,针对不同阻塞比、线间距和列车外形,基于DES湍流模型,开展非稳态数值模拟研究,分析列车在低真空管道内交会时的激波流场结构、管道壁面压力、列车表面压力。研究结果表明:随阻塞比的增大,列车前端壅塞长度增加,且正压区域压力增大,激波反射更加剧烈,尾流激波反射强度增大,激波串长度加长;阻塞比增大有助于增大激波和膨胀波的入射角,从而增大激波和膨胀波的反射次数。随线间距的增大,管道内压力波动幅度相对增大,但改变线间距对管道内激波流场结构、管道壁面压力、列车表面压力的影响不大。列车头部压力和尾部激波强度与流线型长度存在一定的关系,随着列车流线型长度的增加,列车前端壅塞长度缩短,车头前端高压区壅塞强度和车尾末端尾流区域激波反射强度均减小。

低真空环境对硬化水泥浆体力学性能的影响

为研究低真空环境对硬化水泥浆体力学性能的影响,对低真空和室内大气环境下暴露的成熟水泥净浆试件(82 d和128 d龄期)进行了力学性能测试,并借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)和压汞仪(MIP)对水泥浆体的物相组成和孔结构进行了表征。结果表明:短期低真空暴露会促进成熟试件抗压强度的提升,但长期低真空暴露对试件强度的维持和发展是不利的。低真空环境基本不会改变硬化水泥浆体的物相种类,且低真空暴露后成熟试件的C-S-H凝胶含量与强度之间不存在明显的相关性。此外,与室内大气环境相比,成熟试件在低真空暴露28 d后最可几孔径和总孔隙率明显较小,而在低真空暴露168 d后最可几孔径和总孔隙率较大,这与成熟试件的强度发展规律具有良好的对应关系。