The steel industry is a major source of CO_(2) emissions,and thus,the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector.In this paper,international environmental governance in the steel indu...The steel industry is a major source of CO_(2) emissions,and thus,the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector.In this paper,international environmental governance in the steel industry is reviewed,and the current state of development of low-carbon technologies is discussed.Additionally,low-carbon pathways for the steel industry at the current time are proposed,emphasizing prevention and treatment strategies.Furthermore,the prospects of low-carbon technologies are explored from the perspective of transitioning the energy structure to a“carbon-electricity-hydrogen”relationship.Overall,steel enterprises should adopt hydrogen-rich metallurgical technologies that are compatible with current needs and process flows in the short term,based on the carbon substitution with hydrogen(prevention)and the CCU(CO_(2) capture and utilization)concepts(treatment).Additionally,the capture and utilization of CO_(2) for steelmaking,which can assist in achieving short-term emission reduction targets but is not a long-term solution,is discussed.In conclusion,in the long term,the carbon metallurgical process should be gradually supplanted by a hydrogen-electric synergistic approach,thus transforming the energy structure of existing steelmaking processes and attaining near-zero carbon emission steelmaking technology.展开更多
The agricultural energy consumption per unit of GDP is selected as an indicator for measuring the development level of low-carbon agriculture. Using gray relational theory, I analyze the relationship between developme...The agricultural energy consumption per unit of GDP is selected as an indicator for measuring the development level of low-carbon agriculture. Using gray relational theory, I analyze the relationship between development level of agricultural science and technology and development level of low-carbon agriculture in China. The results show that the correlation between the two is prominent; the number of agricultural science and technology talents, the number of agricultural science and technology patents, and the number of agricultural science and technology input are three major factors influencing the development of low-carbon agriculture. On this basis, I propose to take further effective measures, and put forth corresponding recommendations, in order to improve the level of agricultural science and technology.展开更多
China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon ...China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.展开更多
Author analyzed the global background of low-carbon technology around the world,a technology & economy analysis model called TOS was developed in the paper,author analyzed technology paths for low-carbon Car in Ch...Author analyzed the global background of low-carbon technology around the world,a technology & economy analysis model called TOS was developed in the paper,author analyzed technology paths for low-carbon Car in China based on the current technologies available and technologies to be developed in China,3 possible paths are presented based on the analysis,author also explained the FAW BlueWay technology strategies for low carbon cars both for short mid and long term objectives.Author concludes the paper with illustration of powertrain lineup for FAW BlueWay Technologies.展开更多
As the main contribution of China's carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees' attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly infl...As the main contribution of China's carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees' attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly influence the results of low-carbon production. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the main factors influencing firm staff to accept low-carbon new technology. The study reveals that the employee's social impact, performance expectation, effort expectations and convenient conditions, and employee characteristics are all main factors affecting their acceptance attitudes on low-carbon new technology. And social influence has the largest effect on employees' acceptance attitudes toward low-carbon new technology. Accordingly, relevant policy recommendations are put forward for the future research direction.展开更多
Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of...Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of similar WWTP. When the proposed measures,such as using 0.1% (volume fraction of wastewater) landfill leachate,shortening HRT by 2/3 in the primary sedimentation tank and controlling DO at 0.5 mg/L in the 3rd section of aerobic zone,are applied,15% of the carbon source can be complemented,the favorable property of activated sludge is achieved,and the nitrogen removal effect is significantly improved. The effluent NH3-N is 2 mg/L and the removal rate is 90%. The effluent TN is 17 mg/L and the removal rate is 54%. The up-to-standard discharge of the effluent is achieved. And after the optimization,the unit electricity consumption also reaches 0.21 kW/h and saves 20%.展开更多
After the reform and opening up,China's economy has developed rapidly.But in the process of economic development,the ecological environment has also paid a huge price.The destruction of the ecological environment ...After the reform and opening up,China's economy has developed rapidly.But in the process of economic development,the ecological environment has also paid a huge price.The destruction of the ecological environment directly affects survival and development of people.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen environmental governance.Everyone has also begun to focus on low-carbon development.The construction industry is a serious waste of building materials with large energy dissipation.Therefore it is also a key industry for low-carbon transformation.This article mainly analyzes low-carbon building design technology and studies specific development strategies.展开更多
The paper introduced low-carbon economy and low-carbon technology, and proposed the de-tailed technical measures of low-carbon build-ing technology. Moreover, it has quantitatively calculated the “implicit” CO2 emis...The paper introduced low-carbon economy and low-carbon technology, and proposed the de-tailed technical measures of low-carbon build-ing technology. Moreover, it has quantitatively calculated the “implicit” CO2 emission of C40 and C50 concrete columns, aluminium curtain wall, wall paintings and common floor decora-tion materials. The calculation results show that it is preferable to use high strength concrete, reduce the usage of aluminium materials and use wooden floor according to location. The paper can be a reference for quantitative meas-urement to the low-carbon technology and en-ergy efficiency.展开更多
China's water shortage situation is grim.Deep exploration of non-traditional water resources and relief of contradiction between China's economic development and water resources shortage is the only way to ens...China's water shortage situation is grim.Deep exploration of non-traditional water resources and relief of contradiction between China's economic development and water resources shortage is the only way to ensure the sustainable development of China.Urban sewage treatment and reclamation is a more stable and widely used method of non-traditional water resources development and utilization.However,urban centralized reclaimed water treatment faces many problems such as high transportation cost and difficulty in laying reusing pipe network.Relatively speaking,decentralized reclaimed water treatment technology has obvious advantages and is gradually getting more attention.In this research,three types of wastewater treatment process featured with urban decentralized low-carbon ecological technology have been mainly introduced.In addition,the operating data of relevant domestic and foreign engineering cases were analyzed from the perspectives of treatment effect,energy consumption level,applicable scale and occupied area,etc.This study considers that these three new sewage processes based on the principle of ecological engineering have the advantages of compact structure,small footprint,low water consumption,stable effluent quality,beautiful appearance and large applicable scale,and are worthy of researching and importing.展开更多
It is an important and unique approach of achieving sustainable urban development to save and use energy intensively, reduce carbon emission, and take the low-carbon development road. Taking Gaochun Zijin Science and ...It is an important and unique approach of achieving sustainable urban development to save and use energy intensively, reduce carbon emission, and take the low-carbon development road. Taking Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community for example, this paper introduced planning measures for building a low-carbon city, including building a green network, compound utilization of urban spaces, establishing green transportation, using renewable resources, development of green architecture, so as to provide references for the future researches on the low-carbon urban development.展开更多
Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological lev...Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.展开更多
Development and application of ferrite materials for low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology are dis- cussed, specifically addressing several typical ferrite materials such as M-type barium ferrite, NiCuZ...Development and application of ferrite materials for low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology are dis- cussed, specifically addressing several typical ferrite materials such as M-type barium ferrite, NiCuZn ferrite, YIG ferrite, and lithium ferrite. In order to permit co-firing with a silver internal electrode in LTCC process, the sintering temperature of ferrite materials should be less than 950 ℃. These ferrite materials are research focuses and are applied in many ways in electronics.展开更多
Dry sliding friction and wear test of Nb containing low carbon microalloyed steel was carried out at room temperature,and the effect of Nb on the wear behavior of the steel,as welll as the mechanism was studied.Scanni...Dry sliding friction and wear test of Nb containing low carbon microalloyed steel was carried out at room temperature,and the effect of Nb on the wear behavior of the steel,as welll as the mechanism was studied.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) were employed to analyze the morphology and composition of the worn surface,and the structure evolution of the plastic deformation layer.The carbide content and type in the steel were analyzed by the electrolytic extraction device and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of 0.2% Nb can refine the grain and generate Nb C to improve the wear resistance of the steel.By enhancing the load and speed of wear experiment,the wear mechanism of the test steel with 0.2% Nb changes from slight oxidation wear to severe adhesion wear and oxidation wear.Compared with the load,the increase in the rotation speed exerts a greater influence on the wear of the test steel.展开更多
The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of ...The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.展开更多
On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In ...On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.展开更多
Urban fringe is a dynamic development area and its development in a certain period and region makes greater damage on the environment;hence,it is important to select proper technologies for landscape reconstruction.Ba...Urban fringe is a dynamic development area and its development in a certain period and region makes greater damage on the environment;hence,it is important to select proper technologies for landscape reconstruction.Based on this theme,the paper has analyzed the development and functional orientation of watercourses and embankments landscapes in Wanjiang urban fringe.On this basis,from the perspective of the selection and application of materials for watercourse and embankment landscape reconstruction,the respect of specific environmental culture of Wanjiang urban fringe,and the adaptation to the integration of watercourse landscape reconstruction technologies of Wanjiang urban fringe,the paper has illustrated the application of low technologies in landscape reconstruction of watercourses and embankments in Wanjiang urban fringe,so as to improve the surrounding environment and even the built-up environment based on the eco-environment of watercourses and embankments.展开更多
Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an impo...Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an important component of low carbon landscape construction,the construction of urban pocket park system based on mini-parks plays a crucial role in improving the urban greening level,increasing the urban green space,alleviating the urban pressure,improving the living and healthy environment of urban residents,and promoting the urban ecological balance.Taking Chaowai district of Beijing as an example,this paper calculates the ecological value of trees including energy contribution,carbon sequestration,ability to improve rainfall runoff and aesthetic value by collecting the information of trees and the plot on which the trees are located through the i-Tree platform,which provides important reference value for the urban pocket park system planning to create low carbon comprehensive benefits.展开更多
文摘The steel industry is a major source of CO_(2) emissions,and thus,the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector.In this paper,international environmental governance in the steel industry is reviewed,and the current state of development of low-carbon technologies is discussed.Additionally,low-carbon pathways for the steel industry at the current time are proposed,emphasizing prevention and treatment strategies.Furthermore,the prospects of low-carbon technologies are explored from the perspective of transitioning the energy structure to a“carbon-electricity-hydrogen”relationship.Overall,steel enterprises should adopt hydrogen-rich metallurgical technologies that are compatible with current needs and process flows in the short term,based on the carbon substitution with hydrogen(prevention)and the CCU(CO_(2) capture and utilization)concepts(treatment).Additionally,the capture and utilization of CO_(2) for steelmaking,which can assist in achieving short-term emission reduction targets but is not a long-term solution,is discussed.In conclusion,in the long term,the carbon metallurgical process should be gradually supplanted by a hydrogen-electric synergistic approach,thus transforming the energy structure of existing steelmaking processes and attaining near-zero carbon emission steelmaking technology.
基金Supported by the Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education (2011SJD630046)the Project of Huai'an Federation of Social Sciences (C-11-15)
文摘The agricultural energy consumption per unit of GDP is selected as an indicator for measuring the development level of low-carbon agriculture. Using gray relational theory, I analyze the relationship between development level of agricultural science and technology and development level of low-carbon agriculture in China. The results show that the correlation between the two is prominent; the number of agricultural science and technology talents, the number of agricultural science and technology patents, and the number of agricultural science and technology input are three major factors influencing the development of low-carbon agriculture. On this basis, I propose to take further effective measures, and put forth corresponding recommendations, in order to improve the level of agricultural science and technology.
基金supported by the Major Tender Projects of National Social Science Foundation of China "Study on Optimization and Operation Mechanism of Industrial Eco Economic System in China"[grant number 12&ZD207]National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Value Chain Structure and Firm Embeddedness of Emerging Industries Driven by Technology Convergence"[grant number 71704069]+2 种基金MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation "Research on the Formation Mechanism of Dynamic Capability of China's Manufacturing Clusters for Sustainable Eco-innovation"[grant number 16YJC630125]Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province "Research on Eco-innovation and New Competitive Advantages of Jiangsu Manufacturing Industrial Clusters"[grant number17GLB020]Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions "Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions Efficiency of Construction Industry in China"[grant number17KJB170004]
文摘China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.
文摘Author analyzed the global background of low-carbon technology around the world,a technology & economy analysis model called TOS was developed in the paper,author analyzed technology paths for low-carbon Car in China based on the current technologies available and technologies to be developed in China,3 possible paths are presented based on the analysis,author also explained the FAW BlueWay technology strategies for low carbon cars both for short mid and long term objectives.Author concludes the paper with illustration of powertrain lineup for FAW BlueWay Technologies.
文摘As the main contribution of China's carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees' attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly influence the results of low-carbon production. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the main factors influencing firm staff to accept low-carbon new technology. The study reveals that the employee's social impact, performance expectation, effort expectations and convenient conditions, and employee characteristics are all main factors affecting their acceptance attitudes on low-carbon new technology. And social influence has the largest effect on employees' acceptance attitudes toward low-carbon new technology. Accordingly, relevant policy recommendations are put forward for the future research direction.
基金Project (2009ZX07315-002-01) supported by Water Pollution Control and Management of Major Special Science and Technology
文摘Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of similar WWTP. When the proposed measures,such as using 0.1% (volume fraction of wastewater) landfill leachate,shortening HRT by 2/3 in the primary sedimentation tank and controlling DO at 0.5 mg/L in the 3rd section of aerobic zone,are applied,15% of the carbon source can be complemented,the favorable property of activated sludge is achieved,and the nitrogen removal effect is significantly improved. The effluent NH3-N is 2 mg/L and the removal rate is 90%. The effluent TN is 17 mg/L and the removal rate is 54%. The up-to-standard discharge of the effluent is achieved. And after the optimization,the unit electricity consumption also reaches 0.21 kW/h and saves 20%.
文摘After the reform and opening up,China's economy has developed rapidly.But in the process of economic development,the ecological environment has also paid a huge price.The destruction of the ecological environment directly affects survival and development of people.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen environmental governance.Everyone has also begun to focus on low-carbon development.The construction industry is a serious waste of building materials with large energy dissipation.Therefore it is also a key industry for low-carbon transformation.This article mainly analyzes low-carbon building design technology and studies specific development strategies.
文摘The paper introduced low-carbon economy and low-carbon technology, and proposed the de-tailed technical measures of low-carbon build-ing technology. Moreover, it has quantitatively calculated the “implicit” CO2 emission of C40 and C50 concrete columns, aluminium curtain wall, wall paintings and common floor decora-tion materials. The calculation results show that it is preferable to use high strength concrete, reduce the usage of aluminium materials and use wooden floor according to location. The paper can be a reference for quantitative meas-urement to the low-carbon technology and en-ergy efficiency.
基金Sponsored by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013BAJ02B02)National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014ZX07406002)Research on Application of Decentralized Wastewater Ecological Treatment in Buildings and Communities(Y2016073)
文摘China's water shortage situation is grim.Deep exploration of non-traditional water resources and relief of contradiction between China's economic development and water resources shortage is the only way to ensure the sustainable development of China.Urban sewage treatment and reclamation is a more stable and widely used method of non-traditional water resources development and utilization.However,urban centralized reclaimed water treatment faces many problems such as high transportation cost and difficulty in laying reusing pipe network.Relatively speaking,decentralized reclaimed water treatment technology has obvious advantages and is gradually getting more attention.In this research,three types of wastewater treatment process featured with urban decentralized low-carbon ecological technology have been mainly introduced.In addition,the operating data of relevant domestic and foreign engineering cases were analyzed from the perspectives of treatment effect,energy consumption level,applicable scale and occupied area,etc.This study considers that these three new sewage processes based on the principle of ecological engineering have the advantages of compact structure,small footprint,low water consumption,stable effluent quality,beautiful appearance and large applicable scale,and are worthy of researching and importing.
文摘It is an important and unique approach of achieving sustainable urban development to save and use energy intensively, reduce carbon emission, and take the low-carbon development road. Taking Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community for example, this paper introduced planning measures for building a low-carbon city, including building a green network, compound utilization of urban spaces, establishing green transportation, using renewable resources, development of green architecture, so as to provide references for the future researches on the low-carbon urban development.
基金supported by the Henan Institute for Chinese Development Strategy of Engineering&Technology(Grant No.2022HENZDA02)by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province Project(Grant No.2021YFH0010).
文摘Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB933100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51132003,61021061,and 61171047)the Second Item of Strongpoint Industry of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2012A090100001)
文摘Development and application of ferrite materials for low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology are dis- cussed, specifically addressing several typical ferrite materials such as M-type barium ferrite, NiCuZn ferrite, YIG ferrite, and lithium ferrite. In order to permit co-firing with a silver internal electrode in LTCC process, the sintering temperature of ferrite materials should be less than 950 ℃. These ferrite materials are research focuses and are applied in many ways in electronics.
文摘Dry sliding friction and wear test of Nb containing low carbon microalloyed steel was carried out at room temperature,and the effect of Nb on the wear behavior of the steel,as welll as the mechanism was studied.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) were employed to analyze the morphology and composition of the worn surface,and the structure evolution of the plastic deformation layer.The carbide content and type in the steel were analyzed by the electrolytic extraction device and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of 0.2% Nb can refine the grain and generate Nb C to improve the wear resistance of the steel.By enhancing the load and speed of wear experiment,the wear mechanism of the test steel with 0.2% Nb changes from slight oxidation wear to severe adhesion wear and oxidation wear.Compared with the load,the increase in the rotation speed exerts a greater influence on the wear of the test steel.
基金supported by“Key Technology Research on Operational Performance Improvement of the Green Building”(2020YFS0060)Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province+2 种基金supported by“Creative VR Teaching and Learning Research Based on‘PBL+’and Multidimensional Collaboration”(JG2021-721)“Reform in the Mode and Practice of Architecture Education with the Characteristics of Geology”(JG2021-672)Education Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Higher Education in Sichuan Province in 2021–2023.
文摘The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CZY23014)Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation(19ZDA085)。
文摘On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.
基金Supported by the Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of Department of Education of Anhui Province in 2011 (2011-sk455)
文摘Urban fringe is a dynamic development area and its development in a certain period and region makes greater damage on the environment;hence,it is important to select proper technologies for landscape reconstruction.Based on this theme,the paper has analyzed the development and functional orientation of watercourses and embankments landscapes in Wanjiang urban fringe.On this basis,from the perspective of the selection and application of materials for watercourse and embankment landscape reconstruction,the respect of specific environmental culture of Wanjiang urban fringe,and the adaptation to the integration of watercourse landscape reconstruction technologies of Wanjiang urban fringe,the paper has illustrated the application of low technologies in landscape reconstruction of watercourses and embankments in Wanjiang urban fringe,so as to improve the surrounding environment and even the built-up environment based on the eco-environment of watercourses and embankments.
基金Sponsored by General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City(8202017)Youth Talent Support Program of 2018 Beijing Municipal University Academic Human Resources Development(PXM2018_014212_000043).
文摘Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an important component of low carbon landscape construction,the construction of urban pocket park system based on mini-parks plays a crucial role in improving the urban greening level,increasing the urban green space,alleviating the urban pressure,improving the living and healthy environment of urban residents,and promoting the urban ecological balance.Taking Chaowai district of Beijing as an example,this paper calculates the ecological value of trees including energy contribution,carbon sequestration,ability to improve rainfall runoff and aesthetic value by collecting the information of trees and the plot on which the trees are located through the i-Tree platform,which provides important reference value for the urban pocket park system planning to create low carbon comprehensive benefits.