Surface sizing can improve the surface performances of paper. In this article we used surfacing sizing and ultra fine talcum powder to improve the quality of base paper. The results showed that the optimal formulation...Surface sizing can improve the surface performances of paper. In this article we used surfacing sizing and ultra fine talcum powder to improve the quality of base paper. The results showed that the optimal formulation is: sodium hexametaphosphate 0.4 parts, PC-01 25 parts and 100 parts ultra fine talcum powder. The solids content of coating is 18%. Surface sizing and low solids coating can improve brightness, opacity, IGT Pick resistance, and breaking length which were improved by 3.4%, 6.5%, 2.07m/sec and 700m separately than uncoated paper respectively. K and N ink absorption value was reduced from 62.1 to 34.6. The method can be used to produce base paper for art paper and ultra low weight coated paper (ULWC). It can reduce the cost of art paper.展开更多
The inner surface modification process by plasma-based low-energy ion implantation(PBLEII)with an electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)microwave plasma source located at the central axis of a cylindrical tube is model...The inner surface modification process by plasma-based low-energy ion implantation(PBLEII)with an electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)microwave plasma source located at the central axis of a cylindrical tube is modeled to optimize the low-energy ion implantation parameters for industrial applications.In this paper,a magnetized plasma diffusion fluid model has been established to describe the plasma nonuniformity caused by plasma diffusion under an axial magnetic field during the pulse-off time of low pulsed negative bias.Using this plasma density distribution as the initial condition,a sheath collisional fluid model is built up to describe the sheath evolution and ion implantation during the pulse-on time.The plasma nonuniformity at the end of the pulse-off time is more apparent along the radial direction compared with that in the axial direction due to the geometry of the linear plasma source in the center and the difference between perpendicular and parallel plasma diffusion coefficients with respect to the magnetic field.The normalized nitrogen plasma densities on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube are observed to be about 0.39 and 0.24,respectively,of which the value is 1 at the central plasma source.After a 5μs pulse-on time,in the area less than 2 cm from the end of the tube,the nitrogen ion implantation energy decreases from 1.5 keV to 1.3 keV and the ion implantation angle increases from several degrees to more than 40°;both variations reduce the nitrogen ion implantation depth.However,the nitrogen ion implantation dose peaks of about 2×10^(10)-7×10^(10)ions/cm^2 in this area are 2-4 times higher than that of 1.18×10^(10)ions/cm^2 and 1.63×10^(10)ions/cm^2 on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube.The sufficient ion implantation dose ensures an acceptable modification effect near the end of the tube under the low energy and large angle conditions for nitrogen ion implantation,because the modification effect is mainly determined by the ion implantation dose,just as the mass transfer process in PBLEII is dominated by low-energy ion implantation and thermal diffusion.Therefore,a comparatively uniform surface modification by the low-energy nitrogen ion implantation is achieved along the cylindrical tube on both the inner and outer surfaces.展开更多
The growth of electrochemically inert segregation layers on the surface of solid oxide fuel cell cathodes has become a bottleneck restricting the development of perovskite-structured oxygen reduction catalysts.Here,we...The growth of electrochemically inert segregation layers on the surface of solid oxide fuel cell cathodes has become a bottleneck restricting the development of perovskite-structured oxygen reduction catalysts.Here,we report a new discovery in which enriched Ba and Fe ions on the near-surface of Nd_(1/2)Ba_(1/2)Co_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(3-δ)spontaneously agglomerate into dispersed Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8) nanoparticles and maintain a highly active and durable perovskite structure on the surface.This unique surface selfcleaning phenomenon is related to the low average potential energy of Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8),which is grown on the near-surface layer.The electrochemically inert Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8) segregation layer on the near-surface of the perovskite catalyst achieves self-cleaning by regulating the formation energy of enriched metal oxides.This self-cleaned perovskite surface exhibits an ultrafast oxygen exchange rate,high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction,and good adaptability to the actual working conditions of solid oxide fuel cell stacks.This study paves a new way for overcoming the stubborn problem of perovskite catalyst surface deactivation and enriches the scientific knowledge of surface catalysis.展开更多
All antifouling paints in use today are effective because toxic ingredients based on heavy metals are included in their formulation, the environmental effects of organotins in seawater have been a topic of much intere...All antifouling paints in use today are effective because toxic ingredients based on heavy metals are included in their formulation, the environmental effects of organotins in seawater have been a topic of much interest and concern in recent years. This study has found that the material of rich silicone rubber on coating surface based on the low discursive component of surface energy makes barnacle settling on them unable to attach permanently and is removed by moving water. The material Permits only small amounts of fouling to attach, such as algae, Ciona intestinalis, because the high polar interaction of coating surface may absorb water to form water film in sea, and cause very low adhesion of the fouling spotes.展开更多
A superamphiphobic(SAP)surface was fabricated by electrodepositing Cu-Ni micro-nano particles on aluminum substrate and modifying via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 Hperfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray di...A superamphiphobic(SAP)surface was fabricated by electrodepositing Cu-Ni micro-nano particles on aluminum substrate and modifying via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 Hperfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphology and chemical composition.The results showed that the SAP surface had three-dimensional micro-nano structures and exhibited a maximum water contact angle of 160.0°,oil contact angle of 151.6°,a minimum water slide angle of 0°and oil slide angle of 9°.The mechanical strength and chemical stability of the SAP surface were tested further.The experimental results showed that the SAP surface presented excellent resistance to wear,prominent acid-resistance and alkali-resistance,self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties.展开更多
The low temperature ion sulphuration-an effective surface engineering technique for reducing friction and wear of rubbing-pairs was introduced. It involves the principle of ion sulphuration process, microstructure of ...The low temperature ion sulphuration-an effective surface engineering technique for reducing friction and wear of rubbing-pairs was introduced. It involves the principle of ion sulphuration process, microstructure of FeS film on 1045 steel, tribological properties of FeS film on steels, microstructions and tribological properties of MoS2 and nano-FeS/MoS2 multi-layered films, as well as their applications.展开更多
The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes of solid solution Ag2Al in equilibrium with an AI-Cu-Ag liquid were observed from a quenched sample with a radial heat flow apparatus. The Gibbs Thomson coefficient, solid...The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes of solid solution Ag2Al in equilibrium with an AI-Cu-Ag liquid were observed from a quenched sample with a radial heat flow apparatus. The Gibbs Thomson coefficient, solid liquid interfacial energy and grain boundary energy of the solid solution Ag2Al have been determined from the observed grain boundary groove shapes. The thermal conductivity of the solid phase and the thermal conductivity ratio of the liquid phase to solid phase for Ag2Al-28.3 at the %CuAl2 alloy at the melting temperature have also been measured with a radial heat flow apparatus and Bridgman type growth apparatus, separately.展开更多
体心立方(body⁃centered cubic,BCC)金属W作为微型化器件中重要的互连材料,其电迁移行为对小尺寸集成电路的稳定性至关重要。本文利用原位透射电子显微(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)技术,在原子尺度下研究了电迁移诱导BCC金属...体心立方(body⁃centered cubic,BCC)金属W作为微型化器件中重要的互连材料,其电迁移行为对小尺寸集成电路的稳定性至关重要。本文利用原位透射电子显微(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)技术,在原子尺度下研究了电迁移诱导BCC金属W表面结构动态演变过程。结果表明,自由表面是主要电迁移路径;而{110}面和<111>方向分别是优选的迁移面迁移方向;电迁移过程中W表面形成特定的原子台阶或锯齿状结构。对于非低能晶面{002},在电流作用下仍能发生定向迁移,形成新的台阶结构。研究结果揭示了电迁移过程中表面结构的演化规律,为优化BCC金属材料的微观结构设计、提高其在高电流密度环境下的结构性能稳定性提供借鉴。展开更多
文摘Surface sizing can improve the surface performances of paper. In this article we used surfacing sizing and ultra fine talcum powder to improve the quality of base paper. The results showed that the optimal formulation is: sodium hexametaphosphate 0.4 parts, PC-01 25 parts and 100 parts ultra fine talcum powder. The solids content of coating is 18%. Surface sizing and low solids coating can improve brightness, opacity, IGT Pick resistance, and breaking length which were improved by 3.4%, 6.5%, 2.07m/sec and 700m separately than uncoated paper respectively. K and N ink absorption value was reduced from 62.1 to 34.6. The method can be used to produce base paper for art paper and ultra low weight coated paper (ULWC). It can reduce the cost of art paper.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50725519,51271048,51321004)
文摘The inner surface modification process by plasma-based low-energy ion implantation(PBLEII)with an electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)microwave plasma source located at the central axis of a cylindrical tube is modeled to optimize the low-energy ion implantation parameters for industrial applications.In this paper,a magnetized plasma diffusion fluid model has been established to describe the plasma nonuniformity caused by plasma diffusion under an axial magnetic field during the pulse-off time of low pulsed negative bias.Using this plasma density distribution as the initial condition,a sheath collisional fluid model is built up to describe the sheath evolution and ion implantation during the pulse-on time.The plasma nonuniformity at the end of the pulse-off time is more apparent along the radial direction compared with that in the axial direction due to the geometry of the linear plasma source in the center and the difference between perpendicular and parallel plasma diffusion coefficients with respect to the magnetic field.The normalized nitrogen plasma densities on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube are observed to be about 0.39 and 0.24,respectively,of which the value is 1 at the central plasma source.After a 5μs pulse-on time,in the area less than 2 cm from the end of the tube,the nitrogen ion implantation energy decreases from 1.5 keV to 1.3 keV and the ion implantation angle increases from several degrees to more than 40°;both variations reduce the nitrogen ion implantation depth.However,the nitrogen ion implantation dose peaks of about 2×10^(10)-7×10^(10)ions/cm^2 in this area are 2-4 times higher than that of 1.18×10^(10)ions/cm^2 and 1.63×10^(10)ions/cm^2 on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube.The sufficient ion implantation dose ensures an acceptable modification effect near the end of the tube under the low energy and large angle conditions for nitrogen ion implantation,because the modification effect is mainly determined by the ion implantation dose,just as the mass transfer process in PBLEII is dominated by low-energy ion implantation and thermal diffusion.Therefore,a comparatively uniform surface modification by the low-energy nitrogen ion implantation is achieved along the cylindrical tube on both the inner and outer surfaces.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2032157)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201425)。
文摘The growth of electrochemically inert segregation layers on the surface of solid oxide fuel cell cathodes has become a bottleneck restricting the development of perovskite-structured oxygen reduction catalysts.Here,we report a new discovery in which enriched Ba and Fe ions on the near-surface of Nd_(1/2)Ba_(1/2)Co_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(3-δ)spontaneously agglomerate into dispersed Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8) nanoparticles and maintain a highly active and durable perovskite structure on the surface.This unique surface selfcleaning phenomenon is related to the low average potential energy of Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8),which is grown on the near-surface layer.The electrochemically inert Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8) segregation layer on the near-surface of the perovskite catalyst achieves self-cleaning by regulating the formation energy of enriched metal oxides.This self-cleaned perovskite surface exhibits an ultrafast oxygen exchange rate,high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction,and good adaptability to the actual working conditions of solid oxide fuel cell stacks.This study paves a new way for overcoming the stubborn problem of perovskite catalyst surface deactivation and enriches the scientific knowledge of surface catalysis.
文摘All antifouling paints in use today are effective because toxic ingredients based on heavy metals are included in their formulation, the environmental effects of organotins in seawater have been a topic of much interest and concern in recent years. This study has found that the material of rich silicone rubber on coating surface based on the low discursive component of surface energy makes barnacle settling on them unable to attach permanently and is removed by moving water. The material Permits only small amounts of fouling to attach, such as algae, Ciona intestinalis, because the high polar interaction of coating surface may absorb water to form water film in sea, and cause very low adhesion of the fouling spotes.
基金supported by Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2017JZ0021,2017SZ0039)Education Department of Sichuan Province(17ZA0298)Innovative Training Program for College Students of Sichuan Province(No.201810626118)。
文摘A superamphiphobic(SAP)surface was fabricated by electrodepositing Cu-Ni micro-nano particles on aluminum substrate and modifying via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 Hperfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphology and chemical composition.The results showed that the SAP surface had three-dimensional micro-nano structures and exhibited a maximum water contact angle of 160.0°,oil contact angle of 151.6°,a minimum water slide angle of 0°and oil slide angle of 9°.The mechanical strength and chemical stability of the SAP surface were tested further.The experimental results showed that the SAP surface presented excellent resistance to wear,prominent acid-resistance and alkali-resistance,self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties.
文摘The low temperature ion sulphuration-an effective surface engineering technique for reducing friction and wear of rubbing-pairs was introduced. It involves the principle of ion sulphuration process, microstructure of FeS film on 1045 steel, tribological properties of FeS film on steels, microstructions and tribological properties of MoS2 and nano-FeS/MoS2 multi-layered films, as well as their applications.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TBTAK (Grant No 105T481)
文摘The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes of solid solution Ag2Al in equilibrium with an AI-Cu-Ag liquid were observed from a quenched sample with a radial heat flow apparatus. The Gibbs Thomson coefficient, solid liquid interfacial energy and grain boundary energy of the solid solution Ag2Al have been determined from the observed grain boundary groove shapes. The thermal conductivity of the solid phase and the thermal conductivity ratio of the liquid phase to solid phase for Ag2Al-28.3 at the %CuAl2 alloy at the melting temperature have also been measured with a radial heat flow apparatus and Bridgman type growth apparatus, separately.
文摘体心立方(body⁃centered cubic,BCC)金属W作为微型化器件中重要的互连材料,其电迁移行为对小尺寸集成电路的稳定性至关重要。本文利用原位透射电子显微(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)技术,在原子尺度下研究了电迁移诱导BCC金属W表面结构动态演变过程。结果表明,自由表面是主要电迁移路径;而{110}面和<111>方向分别是优选的迁移面迁移方向;电迁移过程中W表面形成特定的原子台阶或锯齿状结构。对于非低能晶面{002},在电流作用下仍能发生定向迁移,形成新的台阶结构。研究结果揭示了电迁移过程中表面结构的演化规律,为优化BCC金属材料的微观结构设计、提高其在高电流密度环境下的结构性能稳定性提供借鉴。