Low-Frequency Waves Forced by Large-scale Topography in the Barotropic Model

A barotropic model containing large-scale topography and zonal mean flow is established to discuss the effects of large-scale topography on the low-frequency waves. The results show that what affects low-frequency waves mostly is maximal height of topography and topographic slope. The former makes frequency of topographic Rossby waves decrease, the latter makes Rossby waves instable. Moreover, when topographic slope is appropriate, it can also make Rossby waves turn into low-frequency waves.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.

High-frequency interference in low strain integrity testing of large-diameter pipe piles

The high-frequency interference exists obviously in low strain integrity testing of large-diameter pipe pile when a transientpoint load is applied. An analytical solution of vertical vibratory response of large-diameter pipe piles in low strain testing isdeduced in this paper. The analytical solution is verified by both numerical simulation and model test results. The time-domainvelocity responses on pile top are analyzed. The calculation results indicate that the time-domain responses at various pointssuffer different high-frequency interferences, thus the peak values and phases of different points are different. The influence ofvibratory modes on high-frequency interference is analyzed. It is found that the high-frequency interference at 90° point main-ly derives from the second flexural mode, but for other points it mainly originates from the first flexural mode. The factors af-fecting the frequency and peak value of interference waves have been investigated in this study. The results indicate that thelarger radius angle between the receiving and 90° points leads to greater peak value of high frequency wave crest. The leasthigh-frequency interference is detected at the angle of 90°. The frequency of interference waves is decreased with the increaseof pile radius, while the peak value is almost constant. The frequency is also related to pile modulus, i.e. the larger pile modu-lus results in greater frequency. The peak value varies with impulse width and soil resistance, i.e., the wider impulse width andlarger soil resistance cause smaller peak value. In conclusion, the frequency of interference waves is dependent on the geomet-rical and mechanics characteristics of the piles such as pile radius and modulus, but independent of the external conditionssuch as impulse width and soil resistance. On the other hand, the peak value of interference waves is mainly dependent on theexternal conditions but independent of the geometrical and mechanics characteristics of the piles. In practice, some externalmeasures should be adopted to weaken high-frequency interference such as using soft hammer, hammer cushion and adoptingsuitable receiving point.

低频交流电压下低密度聚乙烯的空间电荷特性

分频输电技术已逐步成为实现碳中和及海上风电远距离传输的主流方案之一。然而,对高压分频输电背景下的电气设备研究较为欠缺,在频率改变对电缆绝缘材料特性影响方面尚需深入研究。为此,采用具备快速检测能力的脉冲电声测试系统,研究了低密度聚乙烯材料在分频电压下不同电场强度、温度时的空间电荷特性以及频率改变对电荷积聚行为的影响。结果表明:当场强及温度条件较为苛刻时,电荷积聚明显;而随着频率的降低电荷积聚量增加,频率下降至20 Hz后,电荷增长速度显著提高。在此基础上,建立了应用于交变电场下的双极型载流子模型,通过仿真计算对实验观察进行了合理化解释,揭示了电场、温度及频率对空间电荷行为的影响机理。研究方法和结果可为海上风电分频输电系统中的频率选择及线缆绝缘优化设计提供理论支撑。

一种低温漂高电源抑制能力的振荡器设计

为了提升开关电源芯片中振荡器的温度特性和电源抑制能力,提出一种改进型拓扑结构的RC振荡器。该振荡器由电容充放电模块、偏置电流源模块、比较器模块以及寄存器模块组成。通过将电容的上下极板都接入电流源,并对电容下极板流过的电流进行采样,引入负反馈对充放电电流源进行动态调节,从而减小电容上极板电压通过沟道调制效应对充放电电流源的影响,增强充放电电流源的电源抑制能力。再配合偏置电流源模块中经过温度补偿的偏置电流,得到具有低温漂特性及高电源抑制能力的振荡频率。基于CSMC 0.18μm BCD工艺完成了电路设计,仿真实验结果表明,所设计的振荡器工作频率为411 kHz,电源电压为2.6~3.8 V时频率变化为0.119%,温度为-40~125℃时频率变化为3%。该振荡器具有较强的电源抑制能力,能很好地满足开关电源芯片中振荡器的设计要求。

大尺寸岩石在低频周期扰动载荷下的力学特性试验研究

岩石长期处于高静应力状态且频繁受到周期扰动载荷的影响是引发各种地质灾害的关键因素。利用自制的CX-8568冲击扰动围岩试验系统对大尺寸红砂岩开展了低频周期扰动载荷下的力学特性试验,分析了高应力状态下不同扰动平均应力、不同扰动载荷幅值下岩石的应变、损伤变量的演化规律。结果表明:岩石在周期扰动载荷下的破坏存在门槛值,其载荷低于门槛值时岩石不会发生破坏,岩石弹性模量存在强化现象;高扰动平均应力、高扰动载荷幅值均为岩石破坏的不利因素;当扰动上限应力超过岩石单轴抗压强度后,扰动平均应力和扰动载荷幅值的增大对岩石破坏时的循环次数影响愈发显著;当扰动上限应力相同,但扰动平均应力和扰动载荷幅值不同时,岩石破坏对扰动平均应力的敏感度高于扰动载荷幅值;周期扰动载荷下岩石破坏较静态加载更剧烈;随着扰动平均应力或扰动载荷幅值的提高,岩石破坏形态由以拉剪破坏为主导过渡至以拉伸劈裂破坏为主导。

基于Charge Pump技术的低压高频Antiringing MOS开关驱动电路

本文给出了一种基于Charge Pump适用于低压高频Antiringing MOS开关的驱动电路。该驱动电路工作电压最低可达1.8V,工作频率最高达5MHz。文章从Charge Pump及Antiringing的基本原理出发详细介绍了此驱动电路设计思想,并且给出最终设计电路。该电路基于Samsung 0.65-μm BiCMOS工艺设计,经过HSPICE仿真验证。

大入射角双极化频率选择表面设计

频率选择表面(FSS)在多频接收系统中具有广泛的应用,并在不少情形下需要大角度入射和分极化接收。采用十字金属线和贴片设计了一款双极化工作的FSS,能够实现在45°角入射的情况下,透射(55±5)GHz、同时反射(33±5)GHz的信号;且透射的(55±5)GHz信号为垂直极化,反射的(33±5)GHz信号为平行极化,实现了双频带和双极化接收。利用印制电路板技术对该FSS进行样品加工,采用自由空间法进行测试。测试结果与仿真结果具有很好的吻合度。

Design of a CMOS Adaptive Charge Pump with Dynamic Current Matching

A novel structure for a charge pump circuit is proposed, in which the charge-pump （CP） current can adaptively regulated according to phase-locked loops （PLL） frequency synthesis demand. The current follow technology is used to make perfect current matching characteristics, and the two differential inverters are implanted to increase the speed of charge pump and decrease output spur due to theory of low voltage difference signal. Simulation results, with 1st silicon 0. 25μm 2. 5 V complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） mixed-signal process, show the good current matching characteristics regardless of the charge pump output voltages.

The instability of dust acoustic waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas with non-adiabatic dust charge fluctuation

This paper investigates the propagation of linear dust acoustic waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas due to spatial gradients of dust charge, plasma densities. A linear dispersion relation is obtained with the non-adiabatic dust charge iguctuation and the non-thermally distributed ions. The numerical results show that the inhomogeneity, nonthermal ions and non-adlabatic dust charge iguctuatlon have strong iniguence on the frequency and the damping rate of waves.

基于模块化多电平矩阵换流器的柔性低频输电系统大信号稳定性分析

为了实现“双碳”战略目标,推动我国能源转型,实现海上风电等大规模新能源的安全可靠送出成为研究关键。柔性低频输电系统通过降低输电频率来提高输送能力并节省经济成本,逐渐成为“新型电力系统”中除传统工频输电和直流输电方式之外的有益补充。但是,柔性低频输电系统的稳定性问题,尤其是大信号稳定性问题仍是工程实践中的难题。为此,采用Lyapunov直接法对基于模块化多电平矩阵换流器(modular multilevel matrix converter,M3C)的柔性低频输电系统进行了大信号稳定性分析。首先针对系统非线性状态方程阶数较高,导致难以通过经验或者线性系统Jacobian矩阵方法直接构造能量函数的难题,通过扇区非线性方法建立了模糊模型,简洁快速地构建了系统能量函数并计算了大信号稳定吸引域(large signal domain of attraction,LS-DOA)。其次引入多维空间吸引域的映射方法,从频率差异的角度更加直观地揭示了主电路和控制系统等参数对系统大信号稳定性的影响。然后结合线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality,LMI)凸优化理论,分析了系统大信号不稳定的相关机理并给出了高效的镇定策略。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink建立了系统模型,实现了对理论分析的仿真验证,研究结果对柔性低频输电系统的工程实践有一定的参考作用。

大直径桩纵向振动广义轴对称连续圈层模型及其应用

现有针对大直径桩纵向振动特性的理论研究主要存在两点不足:(1)所用桩体模型无法充分考虑桩身内的三维波动效应;(2)研究重点集中于高频范围,缺乏对工程价值更为突出的低频振动特性的聚焦分析。针对此两点不足,提出了新型的大直径桩纵向振动广义轴对称连续圈层模型,将桩体看作三维连续介质,同时考虑桩身质点的竖向和径向位移,将桩周土沿径向进行圈层化处理,利用相邻圈层土和桩土接触面耦合关系得到竖向动荷载作用下桩顶复刚度解析解。在验证所提模型合理性基础上,利用其对大直径桩低频振动特性进行探讨分析,重点关注施工扰动效应的影响规律和机理,发现若干创新现象和有益结论,为大直径桩动力设计和承载特性分析提供了更为完备的理论基础。

Low noise frequency synthesizer with self-calibrated voltage controlled oscillator and accurate AFC algorithm

A low noise phase locked loop （PLL） frequency synthesizer implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology is introduced. A VCO noise reduction method suited for short channel design is proposed to minimize PLL output phase noise. A self-calibrated voltage controlled oscillator is proposed in cooperation with the automatic frequency calibration circuit, whose accurate binary search algorithm helps reduce the VCO tuning curve coverage, which reduces the VCO noise contribution at PLL output phase noise. A low noise, charge pump is also introduced to extend the tuning voltage range of the proposed VCO, which further reduces its phase noise contribution. The frequency synthesizer generates 9.75-11.5 GHz high frequency wide band local oscillator （LO） carriers. Tested 11.5 GHz LO bears a phase noise of-104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset. The total power dissipation of the proposed frequency synthesizer is 48 mW. The area of the proposed frequency synthesizer is 0.3 mm^2, including bias circuits and buffers.

电动汽车直流充电站的低阶RLC阻抗电路模型

[目的]虚拟惯性阻尼控制(Virtual Inertia and Damping Control,VIDC)潜在的正反馈可能加剧控制环路内部的相互作用进而引起母线电压低频振荡,破坏电动汽车直流充电站(Electric Vehicle DC Charging Station,EVCS)的稳定性。虽然已有多时间尺度阻抗模型解释VIDC的稳定机制和VIDC控制下EVCS的低频振荡机理,但其本质上是一个高阶传递函数,获取阻尼控制策略的解析表达式。[方法]针对这一问题,文章对环路虚拟阻抗进行了详细的阻抗分析,直观地揭示了每个控制环路阻抗高阶属性的根本原因。[结果]通过伯德图近似提出了控制环路闭环增益的降阶拟合方法,建立了低阶阻抗电路模型。[结论]通过Matlab/Simulation仿真结果验证了所提出的多时间尺度低阶阻抗电路模型的有效性。

考虑UFLS响应的大规模风电并网系统频率特性分析

大规模风电并网系统在受到大功率缺额扰动后,电网会出现频率骤降,而低频减载(Under Frequency Load Shedding,UFLS)控制是防止频率失稳的有效手段。首先,基于含UFLS的改进系统频率响应模型(System Frequency Model,SFR),研究了新型电力系统受到大功率扰动下的频率特征,基于经典频率响应模型建立改进的系统频率响应模型,考虑火电、风电联合调频控制策略,并引入UFLS频率控制;然后,根据所建立的系统频率响应模型对大规模风电并网系统参数进行整定,并建立多资源参与调频下的大规模风电并网系统频率特征表达式;最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,验证UFLS控制策略参与调频的可行性及UFLS控制参数对频率调制效果的影响。

南芬露天矿382岩石站附近控制爆破技术

南芬露天铁矿在开采过程中将382岩石站运输系统加以保留,为了降低矿石的积压,在岩石站的矿岩应采取必要的爆破采掘作业。因此,矿山在充分评估382岩石站配套构建筑物健康状态后,给出了振动速度阈值。使用矿山已有的大孔径钻孔设备,通过降低台阶高度、改变网路连接及装药结构、振动实时监测等手段保证了岩石站的振动安全。通过改变前排孔孔网参数、岩石覆盖等手段控制了飞石距离。使用集成大孔径低扰动控制爆破技术,南芬露天铁矿延长382岩石站7年使用时间,取得了显著的经济和社会效益。

A 220–1100 MHz low phase-noise frequency synthesizer with wide-band VCO and selectable I/Q divider

This paper presents a low phase-noise fractional-N frequency synthesizer which provides an inphase/quadrature-phase（I/Q） signal over a frequency range of 220–1100 MHz for wireless networks of industrial automation（WIA） applications. Two techniques are proposed to achieve the wide range. First, a 1.4–2.2 GHz ultralow gain voltage-controlled oscillator（VCO） is adopted by using 128 tuning curves. Second, a selectable I/Q divider is employed to divide the VCO frequency by 2 or 3 or 4 or 6. Besides, a phase-switching prescaler is proposed to lower PLL phase noise, a self-calibrated charge pump is used to suppress spur, and a detect-boosting phase frequency detector is adopted to shorten settling time. With a 200 k Hz loop bandwidth, lowest measured phase noise is 106 dBc/Hz at a 10 k Hz offset and 131 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. Fabricated in the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process, the synthesizer occupies a chip area of 1.2 mm^2, consumes only 15 m W from the 1.8 V power supply,and settles within 13.2 s. The synthesizer is optimized for the WIA applications, but can also be used for other short-range wireless communications, such as 433, 868, 916 MHz ISM band applications.

涡旋相关法测定湍流通量偏低的研究

针对野外实验所发现的不同观测法测定地表能通量不平衡问题,进行了均匀加热大气边界层的大涡模拟实验。用模拟的湍流风、温度和湿度涨落的时间序列证实,对流边界层低频涡普遍存在,并经常以一簇一簇热泡的形式出现。风速较小时,有限时长的取样不足以捕捉低频涡的贡献,可造成涡旋相关法测量的统计量异常偏低。仿照涡旋相关法的步骤进行数据处理发现,经去除平均或趋势计算的温度和湿度通量偏低程度在边界层下部随观测高度的增高而显著,其中尤以湿度通量为甚。其结果在一定程度上可以解释低风速条件下地表能通量测量的不闭合问题,但是尚不能完全解释诸如青藏高原实验出现的严重不闭合。文中对此作了探讨性的讨论。

低频强磁场屏蔽效能的测试方法与测试设备研制

为了合理评估屏蔽体对低频强磁场的屏蔽效果,为工程中屏蔽室质量验收提供必要的检测手段,根据小环天线法测量电磁屏蔽室屏蔽效能的原理,提出了低频强磁场屏蔽效能测试系统的整体结构和设计方案,研制了以PIC16F73单片机为核心的低频大电流源,设计和制作了磁场发射、接收环天线,构建了低频强磁场屏蔽效能测试设备;采用研制的测试设备对屏蔽室进行了屏蔽效能实测。测试结果与理论值符合较好,表明测试设备能够满足实际测量的需要,同时验证了计算结果的可信性。

青藏高原大地形的动力、热力作用与低频振荡

在对青藏高原大地形的动力和热力作用作物理分析的基础上 ,着重分析了青藏高原大地形的高度、地形坡度和非绝热加热对中高纬低频振荡的影响 ,指出 :青藏高原大地形的高度、合适的地形坡度和地形加热都可以促进低频振荡的形成 ,而且 ,这些因子都会影响低频Rossby波的稳定性 .