Morphological,phylogenetic and metabolite profile of Prorocentrum clipeus,a newly recorded epiphytic dinoflagellate in the northern Yellow Sea

More than 30 species of benthic Prorocentrum have been identified,some of which produce okadaic acid(OA)and its derivatives,dinophysistoxins(DTXs),which cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning(DSP).Increasing numbers of benthic Prorocentrum species have been reported in tropical and subtropical waters of China.In contrast,only a few benthic Prorocentrum species have been reported in temperate waters.In this study,morphological descriptions obtained using light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and molecular characterization of one Prorocentrum clipeus strain isolated from the Yellow Sea are presented.Prorocentrum clipeus cells were nearly circular in shape,with a collar,ridge,and one protrusion.The periflagellar area was wide U-shaped,with two curved projections on platelet 1a.Nine periflagellar platelets of different sizes were observed.The morphology closely fits that of the species isolated from other locations.Phylogenetic analysis based on the molecular sequences of the small subunit(SSU)rDNA,internal transcribed spacer(ITS),and large subunit(LSU)rDNA was performed.A comprehensive metabolomic analysis incorporating target,suspect and non-target screenings was first applied to investigate the intracellular and extracellular metabolite profiles of the current isolate of P.clipeus.According to the results of the target and suspect screenings,179 metabolites or toxins produced by DSP-related algal species,including OA,dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1),dinophysistoxin-2(DTX2)and pectenotoxin-2(PTX2),were not detected.Non-target screening involving feature-based molecular networking(FBMN)provided a global view of major metabolites produced by the P.clipeus DF128 strain and revealed 23 clusters belonging to at least 13 compound classes,with organometallic compounds,lipids and lipid-like molecules,phenylpropanoids and polyketides,and benzenoids as major types.To date,this is the first record of the characterization of P.clipeus in samples from Chinese waters.Our results support the wide distribution of epibenthic Prorocentrum species.

Immunovirological Profile of HIV1 Infection in Children and Adolescents Followed at the Bangui Pediatric University Hospital

History: Pediatric management of HIV infection in children in the Central African Republic began in 2004 with the use of fractionated adult antiretrovirals and Cotrimoxazole. It has evolved over the years with the use of pediatric forms, oral suspensions and dispersible tablets. The transition to Dolutegravir took place in 2020. The active file of our patients will grow from 78 to over 1900 today. Follow-up examinations are carried out to assess adherence to treatment. Objective: To determine the immunovirological profile and factors associated with treatment failure during follow-up of children on ART at the Bangui pediatric university hospital. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study from May 30 to December 02, 2022. The study sample was drawn from a cohort of HIV-1-infected children followed up at the Bangui pediatric university hospital and on ART for three semesters who met the selection criteria. Results: The prevalence of treatment failure varied from one semester to the next. Thus, the prevalence of therapeutic failure was 20% in the first semester, 10% in the second semester and 7% in the third semester. The prevalence of virological failure was 10.28% in the first half of the year, 6.91% in the second half and 4.98% in the third. Secondly, immunological failure was 0.48% in the first half of the year, 0.32% in the second 0.64% in the third half. Finally, clinical failure was 8.82% in the first half, 4.82% in the second half, 1.92% in the third half. Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with treatment failure were male gender (p 1000 copies/ml (p Conclusion: The occurrence of treatment failures in children is a major problem, especially in our resource-limited countries, given the challenges facing antiretroviral therapy. It is therefore necessary to carry out a study on resistance genotyping in order to propose correct management protocols, as the future of treatment programs depends on it.

Multi-circular formation control with reinforced transient profiles for nonholonomic vehicles:A path-following framework

This article investigates a multi-circular path-following formation control with reinforced transient profiles for nonholonomic vehicles connected by a digraph.A multi-circular formation controller endowed with the feature of spatial-temporal decoupling is devised for a group of vehicles guided by a virtual leader evolving along an implicit path,which allows for a circumnavigation on multiple circles with an anticipant angular spacing.In addition,notice that it typically imposes a stringent time constraint on time-sensitive enclosing scenarios,hence an improved prescribed performance control(IPPC)using novel tighter behavior boundaries is presented to enhance transient capabilities with an ensured appointed-time convergence free from any overshoots.The significant merits are that coordinated circumnavigation along different circles can be realized via executing geometric and dynamic assignments independently with modified transient profiles.Furthermore,all variables existing in the entire system are analyzed to be convergent.Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the utility of suggested solution.

A novel profile modification HPF-Co gel satisfied with fractured low permeability reservoirs in high temperature and high salinity

Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature oilfields.However,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and high-salinity low permeability reservoirs.Consequently,a novel conformance control system HPF-Co gel,based on high-temperature stabilizer(CoCl_(2)·H_(2)O,CCH)is developed.The HPF-Co bulk gel has better performances with high temperature(120℃)and high salinity(1×10^(5)mg/L).According to Sydansk coding system,the gel strength of HPF-Co with CCH is increased to code G.The dehydration rate of HPF-Co gel is 32.0%after aging for 150 d at 120℃,showing excellent thermal stability.The rheological properties of HPF gel and HPF-Co gel are also studied.The results show that the storage modulus(G′)of HPF-Co gel is always greater than that of HPF gel.The effect of CCH on the microstructure of the gel is studied.The results show that the HPF-Co gel with CCH has a denser gel network,and the diameter of the three-dimensional network skeleton is 1.5-3.5μm.After 90 d of aging,HPF-Co gel still has a good three-dimensional structure.Infrared spectroscopy results show that CCH forms coordination bonds with N and O atoms in the gel amide group,which can suppress the vibration of cross-linked sites and improve the stability at high temperature.Fractured core plugging test determines the optimized polymer gel injection strategy and injection velocity with HPF-Co bulk gel system,plugging rate exceeding 98%.Moreover,the results of subsequent waterflooding recovery can be improved by 17%.

Dynamics Characteristics and Topographic Profile Shaping Process of Feiyan Shoal at the Yellow River Delta

Feiyan Shoal is a sub Yellow River Delta, which was formed from Jan. 1964 to May 1976, when the Yellow River entered sea via Diaokou Channel. Since the terminal reach shifted to Qingshuigou channel in 1976, Feiyan Shoal has been experiencing severe erosion and retreat. This paper explains the evolutionary characteristics of the typical profile of Feiyan Shoal from the perspective of dynamical force and sediments＇ characteristics. All this is on the basis of the data of topographic profiles observed since the 1970s and the samples of hydrology and sediments collected in situ in Apr. 2004, the analysis of the retreating distance, and the tidal and wave friction velocity distribution. Feiyan Shoal topographical profile has experienced a course of ＂fast erosion and retrogression - slow eroding modulation - fluctuate triggering change＂ in recent 30 years, which is also the gradual disappearing process of the delta front. The different intensity of sediment erosion resistance is the main reason for the erosion speed changes. Due to the hydrodynamic force changes, the water depth range of maximum retreating distance and between erosion and progradation became shallow. It indicates that the storm tide will still be the triggering force of seashore topographic profile evolutions in the future.

Profile improvement during CO_2 flooding in ultra-low permeability reservoirs

Gas flooding such as CO2 flooding may be effectively applied to ultra-low permeability reservoirs, but gas channeling is inevitable due to low viscosity and high mobility of gas and formation heterogeneity. In order to mitigate or prevent gas channeling, ethylenediamine is chosen for permeability profile control. The reaction mechanism of ethylenediamine with CO2, injection performance, swept volume, and enhanced oil recovery were systematically evaluated. The reaction product of ethylenediamine and CO2 was a white solid or a light yellow viscous liquid, which would mitigate or prevent gas channeling. Also, ethylenediamine could be easily injected into ultra-low permeability cores at high temperature with protective ethanol slugs. The core was swept by injection of 0.3 PV ethylenediamine. Oil displacement tests performed on heterogeneous models with closed fractures, oil recovery was significantly enhanced with injection of ethylenediamine. Experimental results showed that using ethylenediamine to plug high permeability layers would provide a new research idea for the gas injection in fractured, heterogeneous and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. This technology has the potential to be widely applied in oilfields.

Improving a Patient’s CVD Risk Assessment—Updating the Interpretation of the Lipid Profile

The lipid profile remains an important laboratory assessment to prevent cardiovascular disease. Interpretation of the non-fasting lipid profile has significantly changed based on new information concerning the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In particular, the assessment of risk from cholesterol containing particles following triglyceride metabolism (termed remnant cholesterol) can now be done from a lipid profile. In addition, non-HDL cholesterol as calculated from the lipid profile will provide a complete assessment of total circulating cholesterol containing particles. Furthermore, the formula for measurement of LDL cholesterol from a lipid profile has now been revised so that triglyceride levels exert less interference. Finally, the old concept that the “higher the HDL-c, the better” is no longer tenable. New data indicate that the optimal high density lipoprotein level is below 100 mg/dl for both male and female patients. Correct interpretation of the lipid profile will optimize anti-atherosclerotic therapy and reduce the number one cause of death in the United States.

Shifts in Carbon Stocks through Soil Profiles Following Management Change in Intensive Agricultural Systems

Soil carbon content is an important ecosystem property, especially under the ongoing climate change. The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) is controlled by environmental and biological factors including anthropogenic-induced agricultural management change. However, understanding the effects of anthropogenic activities (e.g., intensive agricultural practices) on carbon stability of soil profiles remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in carbon stocks through soil profiles following agricultural management change from grain fields to greenhouse vegetable fields. The sampling sites were located in an intensive vegetable production area in northernChina. A total of 20 pairs of grain fields (GF) and adjacent vegetable fields (VF) within a distance of50 mwere selected. The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) storage increased by 10.6 mg C ha-1 in upper soil layers but decreased by 5.3 mg C hm2 indeeper soil layers due to large input of organic manure and chemical fertilizer following the conversion from GF to VF. Conversion to VF also led to increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations. Extremely higher input of chemical N fertilizer in the VF led to the soil C:N ratio decreased by 2.02 times and the -N leached to deeper soils increased by 3.7 times compared to that in the GF. The pH value and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content were lower in the VF than in the GF. These results indicate that excessive nitrogen application as fertilizers might lead to deeper soil carbon depletion. Reducing nitrogen addition in intensive agricultural systems is thus necessary to reduce soil carbon loss and to maintain a relatively sustainable soil system.

Design of Cylindrical Cam with Oscillating Follower Based on 3D Expansion of Planar Profile Model

Cylindrical cam with oscillating follower is widely applicable and used in many mechanical devices and machines. However, a common error exists in the methods of designing planar profile for oscillating follower cylinder cam. In this study, we propose a new hypothesis to solve this design problem with the inclusion of deviation angle. On the basis of this new concept, equations for planar profile expansion and methods of calculating pressure angle are deduced by applying 3D expansion formula of the follower＇s motion orbit. When the pressure angle is less than allowable value, the minimum base radius can be determined by using MATLAB software. Accordingly, the planar profile of oscillating follower cylinder cam is generated by CAD software. This new method is practical and can be easily adopted for the design of oscillating follower cylindrical cam with desirable accuracy. We applied the method in the design of cylindrical cam for paper feeding mechanism used in high-speed printers. We calculated the planar profile and used it to direct the NC machine for the manufacture of the groove of cylindrical cam. The improved cylindrical cam met all of the requirements of speed and accuracy demanded by high-speed printers. Therefore, our new method has been validated by practical application.

三维薛定谔方程组的线性Profile分解

为了研究线性薛定谔方程组解Strichartz估计的紧性缺失问题,针对H•^(1)(R^(3))×H•^(1)(R^(3))中的三维线性薛定谔方程组的有界解向量序列,使用解序列的Profile分解方法,构造为解向量子列的(1/√h_(n))U(t-t_(n))/h_(n)^(2),(x-x_(n))/h_(n)类型的Profile分解和.其中,U是线性薛定谔方程组的解向量,在Strichartz范数估计下具有一个很小的余项.首先确定伸缩变换参数序列族,利用傅里叶变换和迭代的思想确定Profile分解族.其次验证了Profile分解和的收敛性,说明了Strichartz范数下余项的收敛性.最后证明了当线性薛定谔方程组的解序列有界时,都可以分解为解向量子列和的形式.

Low Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) Stent in Endovascular Coil Embolization of Cerebral Aneurysms: A Review

Cerebral or intracranial aneurysm is a leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It was initially treated with open surgical clipping but as rapid development of technology a less invasive endovascular coiling technique of aneurysm revolutionized the treatment. Due to tortuous anatomy of parent artery and complicated morphology and location of aneurysm there is ongoing challenge in the complete obliteration of aneurysms. To aid in the advances of treating aneurysm stent assisted endovascular coiling was introduced to give more scaffold support to parent artery and decrease events of coil protrusion from aneurysms. Many types and generation of stents were developed. One of the most recently introduced stent is low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stent. Due to its low profile nature it can be used in 0.017-inch inner diameter microcatheter and reach small and complex vessels providing high aneurysmal neck coverage which was not possible through other traditional stent. In addition, its braided design with tantalum strands and radiopaque markers make it more visible during stent placement and post procedure stent evaluation. Despite of many advantages of LVIS stent it is related to high rate of thromboembolic complications and technical complications. Aim of this review paper was to evaluate therapeutic safety, effectiveness and feasibility of LVIS stent in endovascular coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms.

Deep learning approaches to recover the plasma current density profile from the safety factor based on Grad–Shafranov solutions across multiple tokamaks

Many magnetohydrodynamic stability analyses require generation of a set of equilibria with a fixed safety factor q-profile while varying other plasma parameters.A neural network(NN)-based approach is investigated that facilitates such a process.Both multilayer perceptron(MLP)-based NN and convolutional neural network(CNN)models are trained to map the q-profile to the plasma current density J-profile,and vice versa,while satisfying the Grad–Shafranov radial force balance constraint.When the initial target models are trained,using a database of semianalytically constructed numerical equilibria,an initial CNN with one convolutional layer is found to perform better than an initial MLP model.In particular,a trained initial CNN model can also predict the q-or J-profile for experimental tokamak equilibria.The performance of both initial target models is further improved by fine-tuning the training database,i.e.by adding realistic experimental equilibria with Gaussian noise.The fine-tuned target models,referred to as fine-tuned MLP and fine-tuned CNN,well reproduce the target q-or J-profile across multiple tokamak devices.As an important application,these NN-based equilibrium profile convertors can be utilized to provide a good initial guess for iterative equilibrium solvers,where the desired input quantity is the safety factor instead of the plasma current density.

Profile of Amoebic vs. Pyogenic Liver Abscess and Comparison of Demographical, Clinical, Radiological, and Laboratory Profiles of These Patients from Three Secondary Care Centers in Senegal

Background: Liver abscess (LA) is a suppurated collection in the hepatic parenchyma. In Africa, liver abscesses are most often of amoebic origin, but more recently, the rate of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) has increased. Objective: to assess the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, biological radiological findings, and outcomes of patients with PLA and with amebic liver abscess (ALA) in order to determine the potential factors that may help improve diagnosis and treatment for LA in the context of secondary care centers with limited medical supports. Methods: Retrospective review of LA diagnosed and treated at three secondary care centers in Thiès over 11 years. Results: 61 patients, were included, 52.45% had ALA and 47.54% had PLA. Males were predominant (79.31% in PLA vs 65.63% in ALA, p = 0.2). The median age was 38 years for the PLA group vs 39 years for the ALA group (p = 0.4). In both groups, the most common symptom was right upper abdominal pain (81.97%), hepatomegaly (81.97%). The PLA group had a higher prevalence of fever (79.31% vs 46.88%, p = 0,009), chills (51.72% vs 18.75%, p = 0.007), right basi-thoracic pain (55.17% vs 28.13%, p = 0.032), and jaundice (55.17% vs 28%, p = 0.032). There was no difference in radiological features between PLA and ALA. Patients with PLA had a higher level of White blood cell (20.600 vs 15.400, p = 0.014). The most common bacteria identified in PLA were Escherichia coli (58.8%). All patients had received antibiotic therapy, which was combined with aspiration puncture (37.3%), transcutaneous drainage (43.3%), and surgery (9.0%). Seven patients had received antibiotic therapy alone and all had amoebic abscesses. Elsewhere, the occurrence of complications was higher in PLA cases (75.86% vs 37.5%, p = 0.003). The overall hospital mortality rate was 13.11%, higher in cases of PLA (24.14% vs 3.13%, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Clinical and biological features were more severe in PLA. But radiological features cannot be used to distinguish between PLA and ALA.

Matched-field inversion of sound speed profile in shallow water using a parallel genetic algorithm

A sound speed profile plays an important role in shallow water sound propagation.Concurrent with in-situ measurements,many inversion methods,such as matched-field inversion,have been put forward to invert the sound speed profile from acoustic signals.However,the time cost of matched-field inversion may be very high in replica field calculations.We studied the feasibility and robustness of an acoustic tomography scheme with matched-field processing in shallow water,and described the sound speed profile by empirical orthogonal functions.We analyzed the acoustic signals from a vertical line array in ASIAEX2001 in the East China Sea to invert sound speed profiles with estimated empirical orthogonal functions and a parallel genetic algorithm to speed up the inversion.The results show that the inverted sound speed profiles are in good agreement with conductivity-temperature-depth measurements.Moreover,a posteriori probability analysis is carried out to verify the inversion results.

Three-Channel Interference Interpretation of Fano Profile

Fano resonance is a ubiquitous phenomenon, and it is commonly interpreted as a two-channel interference of the discrete and continuous channels. The present work investigates the Fano profile from a perspective of the temporal evolution of the wave function. By exciting the atom with a δ pulse and calculating the evolution of the wave function, the Fano formula is deduced. The results clearly show that the Fano resonance is of a three-channel interference, which is different from the traditional understanding. The three channels are revealed as the groundcontinuum, ground-discrete-continuum, and a previously unmentioned third channel, i.e., ground-continuumdiscrete-continuum. The present three-channel interpretation can be easily generalized to other physical systems,contributing to a deeper understanding of the Fano profile.

Genomic Profile of SARS-COV-2 Associated with COVID-19 Outbreaks in N’Djamena, Chad

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has circulated worldwide with dramatic consequences. In Chad, we have no data reported of variants. The aim of this study was to identify the SARS-CoV-2 variants that circulated during the epidemic from 2020 to 2021. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out between 2020 and 2021. Samples from patients with suspected COVID-19 were tested in five laboratories in N’Djamena. One hundred quality samples of the positives were sequenced in Kinshasa using Oxford nanopore technologies minion and the Protocol Midnight SARS-CoV2. Data were processed using Excel version 16 software. Results: Of the 100 samples sequenced, 77 (77%) produced sequences, 23 (23%) did not. The genomic profiles were wild-type Wuhan and minor mutations (19A, 19B (A), 20A (B.1, B.2), 20B (AV.1), 20D (B.1.1.1 /C.36), 20C), variant of concern Alpha (20I), variant of concern Delta (21A/J), variant of interest Eta (21D), variant of concern Omicron (21K) and unclassified variant under surveillance (B.1.640). Of these variants, the maximums were detected in patients aged 26 - 35 with 30.26% and 25.26% in 36 - 45. However, 24.67% were in travelers and 75.32% in residents, 35.06% in those vaccinated against COVID-19 and 62.33% in non-vaccinates. The estimated case-fatality rate was 2.44% (107/4374). Conclusion: This work has provided preliminary data on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating during the 2020-2021 epidemics in Chad.

Visualisation of air–water bubbly column flow using array Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler

In the present work, an experimental study of bubbly two-phase flow in a rectangular bubble column was performed using two ultrasonic array sensors, which can measure the instantaneous velocity of gas bubbles on multiple measurement lines. After the sound pressure distribution of sensors had been evaluated with a needle hydrophone technique, the array sensors were applied to two-phase bubble col- umn, To assess the accuracy of the measurement system with array sensors for one and two-dimensional velocity, a simultaneous measurement was performed with an optical measurement technique called particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Experimental results showed that accuracy of the measurement system with array sensors is under 10% for one-dimensional velocity profile measurement compared with PIV technique. The accuracy of the system was estimated to be under 20% along the mean flow direction in the case of two-dimensional vector mapping.

FE analysis of extrusion defect and optimization of metal flow in porthole die for complex hollow aluminium profile

To solve the defects of bottom concave appearing in the extrusion experiments of complex hollow aluminium profiles,a 3D finite element model for simulating steady-state porthole die extrusion process was established based on HyperXtrude software using Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian(ALE)algorithm.The velocity distribution on the cross-section of the extrudate at the die exit and pressure distribution at different heights in the welding chamber were quantitatively analyzed.To obtain an uniformity of metal flow velocity at the die exit,the porthole die structure was optimized by adding baffle plates.After optimization,maximum displacement in the Y direction at the bottom of profile decreases from 1.1 to 0.15 mm,and the concave defects are remarkably improved.The research method provides an effective guidance for improving extrusion defects and optimizing the metal flow of complex hollow aluminium profiles during porthole die extrusion.

Baseline design of the KunLun Turbulence Profiler instrument

Adaptive optics systems are the most powerful tools to counteract the image blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence,allowing ground-based telescopes to capture high-resolution images.A critical parameter influencing adaptive optics system performance is the atmospheric refractive index structure constant,C_(n)^(2),which characterizes the intensity of atmospheric optical turbulence as a function of altitude.Given its simplicity,the lunar scintillometer is the preferred method for detecting atmospheric turbulence in challenging environments like Dome A in Antarctica,where sites are still in the developmental stages and local environmental conditions are extremely harsh.However,optimizing the performance of such instruments requires carefully determining the baseline configuration of photon sensors according to each site's specific optical turbulence profile characteristics.This study uses a Monte Carlo method to identify the optimal configuration for the KunLun Turbulence Profiler(KLTP),an instrument comparable to the lunar scintillometer,developed for use at Dome A.Simulations conducted using the obtained optimal baseline configuration recovered three different model optical turbulence profiles,demonstrating the effectiveness of our method in obtaining an optimal baseline configuration.Our approach can be easily applied to baseline design for similar turbulence profilers at other sites.