Influences of Carbon Sources and Plant Growth Regulators on Anther Culture Efficiency of Pepper

[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.

Relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleaching by mixed thermophilic Archaea culture at 65°C

The relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleachingby mixed thermophilic Archaea culture(Acidianus brierleyi,Metallosphaera sedula,Acidianus manzaensis and Sulfolobusmetallicus)at65°C was studied.Leaching experiments showed that the addition of activated carbon could significantly promote thedissolution of chalcopyrite for both bioleaching and chemical leaching.The results of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction,ironL-edge and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy indicated that activated carbon could change thetransition path of electrons through galvanic interactions to form more readily dissolved secondary mineral chalcocite at a low redoxpotential(?400mV)and then enhanced the copper dissolution.Jarosite accumulated immediately in the initial stage of bioleachingwith activated carbon but copper dissolution was not hindered.However,much jarosite precipitated on the surface of chalcopyrite inthe late stage of bioleaching,which might account for the decrease of copper dissolution rate.More elemental sulfur(S0)was alsodetected with additional activated carbon but the mixed thermophilic Archaea culture had a great sulfur oxidation activity,thus S0waseliminated and seemed to have no significant influence on the dissolution of chalcopyrite.

The Advancement of Low-Carbon Ecological Civili zation in the View of Cultural Ecological System——A Case Study of Ningxia Ningdong Energy-Chemical Base

The status quo of Ningxia Ningdong Energy-Chemical Base was introduced first, and the ecological civilization and low-carbon economy of Ningxia Ningdong Energy-Chemical Base were analyzed. Problems in the exploitation of resources in Ningxia Ningdong Energy-Chemical Base, and major factors which restrain the development, were discussed. Countermeasures were put forward at last.

Food web structure and trophic levels in polyculture ricecrab fields

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to investigate nutrient pathways and trophic relationships from the rice-crab system in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China. Values of 313C ranged from -27.38%±0.44%o to -18.34%±0.26%o and δ^15N ranged from 1.10%o4-0.88%o to 9.33%±0.57%. Pseudorasbora parva （Stone moroko） had the highest δ^13C and 8tSN values. The lowest δ^13C values were obtained for the macrophytes and the lowest δ^15N value was found in sediments. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to determine the contribution of different food items to the diets of crabs. The δ^13C results indicated that the Pseudorasbora parva made the greatest contribution to the diet of Eriocheir sinensis （Chinese mitten crab）, while the δ^15N results indicated that most food items contributed more than 10% to the diet of the crab. There were three trophic levels identified in the system （Levels 0-2）. The crab Eriocheir sinensis, fish Pseudorasbora parva and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus （Oriental weatherfish）, and the oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri （Limnodrilus worm）, were at the second level, zooplankton were at the first level and suspended particulate matter and macrophytes were at trophic position 0.

Aboveground carbon sequestration of Cunninghamia lanceolata forests:Magnitude and drivers

Understanding the spatial variation,temporal changes,and their underlying driving forces of carbon sequestration in various forests is of great importance for understanding the carbon cycle and carbon management options.How carbon density and sequestration in various Cunninghamia lanceolata forests,extensively cultivated for timber production in subtropical China,vary with biodiversity,forest structure,environment,and cultural factors remain poorly explored,presenting a critical knowledge gap for realizing carbon sequestration supply potential through management.Based on a large-scale database of 449 permanent forest inventory plots,we quantified the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of aboveground carbon densities and carbon accumulation rates in Cunninghamia lanceolate forests in Hunan Province,China,and attributed the contributions of stand structure,environmental,and management factors to the heterogeneity using quantile age-sequence analysis,partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM),and hot-spot analysis.The results showed lower values of carbon density and sequestration on average,in comparison with other forests in the same climate zone(i.e.,subtropics),with pronounced spatial and temporal variability.Specifically,quantile regression analysis using carbon accumulation rates along an age sequence showed large differences in carbon sequestration rates among underperformed and outperformed forests(0.50 and 1.80 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)).PLS-PM demonstrated that maximum DBH and stand density were the main crucial drivers of aboveground carbon density from young to mature forests.Furthermore,species diversity and geotopographic factors were the significant factors causing the large discrepancy in aboveground carbon density change between low-and high-carbon-bearing forests.Hotspot analysis revealed the importance of culture attributes in shaping the geospatial patterns of carbon sequestration.Our work highlighted that retaining largesized DBH trees and increasing shade-tolerant tree species were important to enhance carbon sequestration in C.lanceolate forests.

Effects of Various Factors on Production of Glucose Oxidase in Resting Cell Culture System

n order to demonstrate the effects of various factors on the biosynthesis of glucose oxidase(GOD) without considering the growth status, a resting cell culture system was established. By using this system, the sequence of the effect of carbon sources on the biosynthesis of (GOD) could be revealed as follows: mannose>glycerol>glucose>cellulose>lactose>sucrose>galactose>soluble starch>maltose>fructose. The enzyme activity was promoted by adding tiny amount of αmethylDglucoside. When 0.1% NaNO3 was replaced by 0.05% of amino acid, Tyr, Leu, Orn and Glu were shown to have positive effect, while Phe, Ile, Lys, His and Arg have negative effect on the biosynthesis of GOD, and no net growth was observed in the above experiments. The biosynthesis of GOD was highly susceptible to the concentration of CaCl2 added, 0.01% of CaCl2 was in favor of the enzyme synthesis, whereas 0.02% was unfavorable. The starting time for GOD biosynthesis was estimated through addition of actinomycin D at various time of incubation, it turned out to be between 11～13h after inoculation.

A Preliminary Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Virus-free Plantlets of Benihoppe Strawberry

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and rapid propagation techniques of Benihoppe strawberry. [ Method] Shoot tips of new stolons of Benihoppe strawberry were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of media type, cytokinin type and concentration, carbon source type and concentration, and light intensity on tissue culture and propagation of Benihoppe strawberry. [ Result] MS was the optimal media for plantlet propagation. In the media containing 1.2 ing/L BA （with addition of 0.1 mg/L NAA）, fresh weight, dry weight and propagation coefficient of strawberry plantlets reached the maxi- mum, which were 2.259 g, 0. 221 g and 12.4, respectively. The optimal carbon source was 30 g/L sucrose, and the optimal light intensity was 1 600 lx. [ Conclu- sion] The best media for tissue culture and rapid propagation of Benihoppe strawberry was MS ＋ BA 1.2 mg/L ＋ NAA 0. 1 mg/L ＋ sucrose 30 g/L ＋ agar 8 g/L. This study provided scientific basis for large-scale production of Benihoppe strawberry.

Impacts of long-term ridge culture on aggregate stability in purple paddy soil of Sichuan basin

Ridge culture is a special conservation tillage method, but the long-term influence of this tillage system on soil aggregate-size stability in paddy fields is largely unknown in southwest of China. The paper is to evaluate soil aggregate stability and to determine the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil aggregate stability. Soil samples at 0 cm-20 cm layer were adopted from a long-term (16 a) field experiment including conventional tillage: plain culture, summer rice crop and winter upland crop under drained conditions (PUR-r); and conservation tillage: ridge culture without tillage, summer rice and winter fallow with floodwater layer annually (NTR-f), winter upland crop under drained conditions (NTR-r), and wide ridge culture without tillage, summer rice crop and winter upland crop under conditions (NTRw-r), respectively. Different pretreatments, such as slaking in fast wetting, wetting and subsequent slaking, were applied to simulate the breakdown mechanisms of aggregates in paddy soil. The results show that soil particles contents were mainly consisted of silt (0.050 mm to 1.000 mm) in fraction of 42.9% to 51.2%, sand (0.050 mm to 0.001 mm) in fraction of 28.0% to 31.8%, and clay (<0.001 mm) in fraction of 17.9% to 25.4%. The amount of aggregate-size was greatly observed in fraction of 2.000 mm-6.720 mm under ridge culture in paddy soil (more than 50$) under slaking and wetting pretreatment. The proportion of soil macro-aggregates (>0.250 mm) in conservation tillage was greatly higher than that in conventional tillage under subsequent fast slaking treatment. Minimal differences of aggregate stability between slaking in fast wetting and wetting were observed, while significant differences were found between ridge culture and plain culture. The aggregate stability under slaking treatment ranked in the order of NTR-r>NTRw-r> NTR-f > PUR-r, while under wetting was NTRw-r > NTR-r > NTR-f >PUR-r. There was a positive correlation between the aggregate stability and SOC concentration under wetting, and a low correlation was observed under slaking pretreatment. Soil exposure with tillage and lack of rice/rape-seed stubble inputs caused declines in aggregation and organic carbon, both of which make soil susceptible to water erosion. Adoption of ridge culture with no-tillage integrated with crop rotation and stubble mulch significantly altered soil organic concentration. It was a valuable conservation practice for soil aggregation and soil organic carbon sequestration on paddy soil.

Thoughts on the development of low-carbon furniture standards system

The development of Low-carbon Economy has been widely recognized around the world. Building low- carbon furniture standards system is an important content of furniture standardization, which is helpful to promote energy conservation, reduce the carbon footprint, and then prevent global warming. This paper analyzes status quo of furniture standards of China, states the importance of development of low-carbon furniture standards system, put forward some ideas on development of the low-carbon furniture standards system through all links in the low-carbon furniture production.

Effect of Co-Culture of Chinese Shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) on Pond Environment

Monoculture of sea cucumber(pond S) and polyculture of shrimp with sea cucumber(pond SS) were established to evaluate the effect of shrimp on the environmental conditions of sea cucumber farming pond. Contributions of sediment organic matter(SOM2) resuspended from benthic sediment and the suspended particulate organic matter(SPOM) deposited from the water column to the precipitated organic matter(SOM1) collected with sediment traps were estimated with carbon stable isotope analysis. The results showed that the levels of SPOM and SOM2 in pond SS significantly decreased in comparison with those in pond S at the end of experiment(P < 0.05), indicating that co-culturing shrimp in sea cucumber farming pond could purify the farming water. Carbon stable isotope analysis showed that the proportion of SOM2 in SOM1 in pond SS(84.97% ± 0.38%) was significantly lower than that in pond S(95.20% ± 0.30%)(P < 0.05), suggesting that the resuspension of organic matter from benthic sediment into overlying water was reduced in polyculture pond. In contrast, the proportion of SPOM in SOM1 in pond SS(15.03% ± 0.38%) was significantly higher than that in pond S(4.80% ± 0.30%)(P < 0.05), indicating that the sedimentation of SPOM from water column was enhanced in pond SS owing to the biodeposition effect of shrimp.

Effects of Land Management Practices on Labile Organic Carbon Fractions in Rice Cultivation

A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.

Existence of Heme Oxygenase-carbon Monoxide-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells In Vitro

To confirm the existence of heme oxygenase (HO)-carbon monoxide (CO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the inductive role of hemin on this pathway, HTMCs of the third to fourth generation were cultured in vitro. Reverse transcripase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Hemin was added into the culture solution. The HO-1 mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. The relative amount of carbon monoxide released into the media was measured with the quantifying carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) by spectrophotometry. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine changes of cGMP in HTMCs. The results showed that cultured cells had the specific characteristics of HTMCs. Both HO-1 and HO-2 genes were expressed in HTMCs, as well as HO-1 and HO-2 proteins in HTMCs. Hemin induced HO-1 mRNA, HbCO and cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, HO-CO-cGMP pathway exists in the cultured HTMCs and can be induced by hemin. Pharmacological stimulation of HO-CO-cGMP pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to rescuing glaucoma.

The Characteristic Differences between Ecological Culture and Low-carbon Tourism Cognition under the Vision of Carbon Neutrality

Ecological culture has a low-carbon attribute,which coincides with the concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction in low-carbon tourism.Analyzing the differences in the public perception of the two is of great significance for achieving the carbon neutral goal of tourism.Firstly,the views of nature,equality and ecology in ecological culture,as well as the cognition and participation willingness for low-carbon tourism were identified by using the principal component analysis method.Secondly,all samples were divided into four types of ecological culture cognition:sufficient,relatively sufficient,general and poorer,by the K-means clustering method.Thirdly,significant differences in the low-carbon tourism cognition among different types were revealed by using the ANOVA method.Finally,the influences of the main demographic characteristics on the low-carbon tourism cognition were analyzed.This analysis showed that gender,age,education level and income level had significant differences in some aspects of low-carbon tourism cognition and participation willingness,especially education level.On this basis,several corresponding strategies were put forward for managing the cognitive differences of the different types,which could contribute to the realization of the carbon neutral vision of tourism.

Techniques of Domestication and Carbon Sequestration of Jatropha curcas Associated with Vigna unguiculata in Marginal Soil of Garoua Region, Cameroon

In order to reduce the increase of fuel prices, and improve the living conditions of the population, a study was carried out by Convention No. 1/IRAD/PCS ESA2-SDCC in the region of Garoua in Cameroon. The study aimed to characterize the behaviour ofJ. curcas associated with V. unguiculata in marginal soils in the Sahel region in order to improve the livelihoods of the farmers and promote its domestication in rural areas. It also aimed at pointing out the influence of two implantation techniques of d. curcas on the germination, the different quantities of NPK and cow dung, planting techniques and association with V. unguiculata var. lori on growth parameters of development and yield of J. curcas on the degraded marginal soils in the region. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with five levels of fertilization （F0： control; FI： 50 g; F2：100 g of NPK 15-20-15; F3：1 kg and 2 kg of cow dung） per plant. Two types of establishment propagator （Ge） and direct seedling （Se） with three replications were used. Data were analysed by Stratigraphic ＋ and XLSTAT. Results showed that the propagator germination was higher than the direct seeding, 95% and 40% respectively. The Principal Component Analysis （PCA） of the parameters of growths and yield of J. curcas showed high correlation between the production of the leaves and the length of the leaves （R = 0.861; P 〈 0.001）. These parameters were correlated with the Biplot （F1 and F2） to 53.24%. It was opposed to the positives and imperfect correlation between the height and the recover parameters （R = 0.486; P 〈 0.05）. The treatments 100 g of NPK per plant and 2 kg of cow dung per plant induced strongly the development and yield ofJ. curcas and V. unguiculata adapted to marginal soils.

Influence of particle size distribution on biocarbonation method produced microbial restoration mortar for conservation of sandstone cultural relics

Biocarbonation of reactive magnesia based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)process is a sustainable geotechnical reinforcement technology for strength development and permeability reduction.This method can be used to produce microbial restoration mortar(MRM)for the application of stone cultural relics restoration.In this paper,the influence of particle size distribution on the strength and porosity of MRM was examined.By mixing fine and coarse sandstone powder in various proportions,nine different particle size distributions were obtained to investigate the restoration performance,including the unconfined compressive strength(UCS),porosity,and color difference.The results indicate that the well-graded particle size distribution can lead to the UCS improvement and porosity reduction of MRM.The findings also imply that adding fine sandstone powder to the coarse sandstone powder can provide extra bridging contacts within the soil matrix.These bridging contacts can be easily connected by the precipitated hydrated magnesium carbonates(HMCs)minerals,consequently resulting in more effective bonding and filling within the pore matrix.The microstructural images of MRM confirm the formation of HMCs,which exhibited a dense network structure,filling out the gap and bonding the sandstone powders.Furthermore,the microbial restoration mortar showed a high weather resistance to dry-wet cycles,acid rain,and salt attack,which is attributed to better stability and strength of HMCs than the original calcic cemented minerals in sandstone.

碳源及基因型对粳稻花药培养效果的影响

为了优化粳稻花药培养技术体系,提高粳稻杂交组合的花药培养效率,选用2种碳源麦芽糖、蔗糖设置不同处理的诱导培养基对10个粳稻F 4杂交组合进行花药培养。结果表明,粳稻花药培养过程中诱导培养基添加蔗糖花药培养效果要优于麦芽糖。然后用优化的诱导愈伤培养基对6个粳稻不同世代杂交组合进行花药培养,其中组合J118表现出较好的愈伤组织诱导率(9.90%)和绿苗分化率(14.48%),花药培养力最高(1.43%)。因此,J118是花药培养再生能力强的杂交组合,可作为单倍体育种、基因定位与克隆和遗传转化研究的基础材料,对提高花培育种效率和加速新品种育成具有重要意义。

双碳背景下非遗造纸技艺文化产业的数字化创新研究

造纸文化作为一项重要的非物质文化遗产,在我国有非常久远的历史,承载了大量的文化和历史内涵。在双碳背景下,通过现代数字化的创新方式对造纸技艺文化产业进行合理有效保护是一种新的路径。数字化创新是在多样化平台的基础上,配合计算机三维模型和产品捕获技术将非遗技艺转化为多媒体内容,为非物质文化遗产的传播创造更多的便利。本文以双碳为背景,对非物质文化遗产的传承进行了深入研究,探索了非遗造纸技艺的数字化传承与保护模式,为非遗的有效传播以及抢救性保护提供了可行性的策略。本研究为非遗造纸技艺文化产业的数字化创新提供了理论基础和实践指导,为促进文化传承与环保发展相结合提供了新思路和新方法。

图书馆的空间设计与高质量发展

空间设计已成为图书馆更高质量发展的刚需。论文阐释了图书馆空间设计中的辩证统一观,包括普遍性与独特性、整体观与内外观、专业观与非专业观、静态区与动态区、空间设计功能的无限可能性等,并对图书馆空间设计的十大要素(但不限于)分别进行了论述和分析,包括宏观维度的城市地标、艺术演绎、文化传承和内外互动,中观维度的专业符号、色材选择和绿色低碳,微观维度的家具设计、灯光照明和安全关怀。论文指出,智慧图书馆新空间设计方案正在成为发展趋势。

跨越九百年的青山绿水:从化学视角解密《千里江山图》

《千里江山图》作为中国的十大传世名画之一,不仅代表了青绿山水画艺术的发展历程,更是中国古老文明的缩影。该画作流传久远,历时九百余年依旧绚烂多彩,与其材质、颜料、胶结材料密切相关。本文从化学视角出发,分析《千里江山图》使用的颜料与胶结材料,并以拟人化的方式逐个介绍它们的性格与特点,如“石墨大哥”“赭石阿姨”“青绿兄弟”“砗磲姑娘”和“明胶叔叔”。探讨他们的化学成分与理化性能,揭示这些惊艳的颜料共同打造《千里江山图》辉煌的秘诀。通过激发古典艺术与现代科技的思考,促进艺术鉴赏与科技创新的融合。

香菇母种培养基优化研究

探究宕昌地区香菇主栽品种香菇L808菌丝的最佳生长条件和优化其培养基,为甘肃宕昌地区香菇菌种生产企业中母种培养基标准不统一、母种质量参差不齐的现象提供参考,以香菇品种L808为试材,采用单因素试验和L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验的方法,进一步明确香菇L808菌丝的最佳碳源、最佳氮源、最适培养温度、最适培养pH以及优化其培养基配方。结果表明,香菇L808菌种菌丝的最佳生长条件是:最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为牛肉膏,最适培养温度为24℃,最适培养pH为6;其最优培养基配方为木屑75 g/L、葡萄糖20 g/L、琼脂粉18 g/L、马铃薯220 g/L。