Optimization of Extraction Process of Polyphenols from Chrysanthemum morifolium and the Development of Chrysanthemum Rice Wine

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the extraction and comprehensive utilization of functional active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium polyphenols.[Methods]With C.morifolium as a raw material,polyphenols were extracted by water extraction.The extraction process of polyphenols were optimized by single factor tests on solid-liquid ratio,extracting time and times.Old rice wine selected as the base wine was added with C.morifolium polyphenol extract,honey,citric acid and other auxiliary materials to prepare a kind of chrysanthemum old rice wine.Through sensory analysis combined with fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method,the optimal formula of chrysanthemum old rice wine was determined,and the corresponding physicochemical indicators of the obtained chrysanthemum old rice wine were tested.[Results]The optimal soaking process for C.morifolium was as follows:extraction time of 20 min,a solid-liquid ratio of C.morifolium to warm water at 1:40,extraction times of 3 times.The physical and chemical indicators of the chrysanthemum wine obtained from the above optimal formula were as follows:sugar content 5%,ethanol content 11%,and pH value 4.04.The chrysanthemum old rice wine obtained was clear and transparent,and the fragrance of chrysanthemum was coordinated with the mellow aroma of rice wine.The taste was refreshing and suitable for the vast majority of people to drink.[Conclusions]The new type of chrysanthemum old rice wine combines the polyphenolic active substances in C.morifolium with the low ethanol content of old rice wine,which not only improves the utilization rate of C.morifolium,but also strengthens the health function of old rice wine products,improves the quality of old rice wine,and promotes the healthy and rapid development of the old rice wine industry.

Analysis of Sugar Components of Fermented Rice Wine by Ion Chromatography

[Objective] The aim was to analyze sugar components in fermented rice wine by ion chromatography. [Method] The optimal condition for chromatography system of sugar analysis was selected by measuring sugars in fermented rice wine with ion chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection. [Result] The optimal measurement conditions were as follows： Leacheate （Leachate）, consisting of NaOH and CH3COONa, was eluted by gradient concentrations, with column temperature at 35 ℃ and flow rate at 0.4 ml/min. In the condition, sugars in rice wine were ana- lyzed and the results showed that the method is featured by low detection limit, good repetition and high recovery rate. [Conclusion] The research establishes and determines the approaches and optimum conditions for sugar analysis in rice wine by ion chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection, providing references for advancement of research on quality improvement of fermented rice wine.

The setereoselective preparation ofβ-keto esters using baker's yeast in the presence of rice wine koji

By the addition of rice wine koji, enhancement of the reactivity was observed for the baker＇s yeast reduction of β-keto esters into （S）-β-hydroxy esters with high enantiomeric purity （73-98%）.

Effect of yellow rice wine on anti-aging ability in aged mice induced by D-galactose

The present study is focused on investigation of the health protective effect of yellow rice wine(YRW)in mice and the potential underlying mechanism.Symptoms of aging were induced in mice by using Dgalactose(D-gal),and different doses of YRW(4,8,and 12 mL/kg BW)were orally administrated to D-galtreated mice for a period of six weeks.The in vivo data obtained in the present study preliminary indicated that YRW markedly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the concentration of MDA both in the brain and liver.Furthermore,a forced swim test showed that moderate intake of YRW(8 mL/kg BW)significantly decreased the duration of immobility,reduced the blood content of urea nitrogen and lactic acid,and increased hepatic glycogen storage.Besides,results from the Morris water maze test suggested that YRW significantly reversed cognitive impairment and also alleviated neuroapoptosis in the experimental mice by regulating the gene expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3.The above results indicated YRW has a potential anti-aging effect in mice and provided us certain molecular evidence for this action.

Fast Determination of 22 Pesticides in Rice Wine by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction in Combination with GC-MS

A rapid method was developed for the determination of 22 pesticides in rice wine. The procedure involved an extraction with acetonitrile and a cleanup step using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE), and primary-secondary amine (PSA) and octadecylsilane (ODS) were used as sorbents. D-SPE had some advantages over some traditional prepara- tions, especially in time and cost. Both the extraction and cleanup only cost about 15 min per a sample. Then the GC-MS was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Matrix-matched standards solution and analyte protectant were compared to decrease the matrix effect, and the former showed a better efficacy. Acceptable linearity was achieved in the range of 0.05 - 0.30 mg/L. After matrix-matched standards calibration, recoveries were between 60 and 140%. For the most of pesticides, precision and repeatability were less than 10% and 16%, respectively. The result indicated that the developed method was suitable for the determination of the multi-pesticides in rice wine.

Optimization of rice wine fermentation process based on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation kinetic model

Chinese rice wine making is a typical simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） process. During the fermentation process, temperature is one of the key parameters which decide the quality of Chinese rice wine. To optimize the SSF process for Chinese rice wine brewing, the effects of temperature on the kinetic parameters of yeast growth and ethanol production at various temperatures were determined in batch cultures using a mathematical model. The kinetic parameters as a function of temperature were evaluated using the software Origin8.0. Combing these functions with the mathematical model, an appropriate form of the model equations for the SSF considering the effects of temperature were developed. The kinetic parameters were found to fit the experimental data satisfactorily with the developed temperature-dependent model. The temperature profile for maximizing the ethanol production for rice wine fermentation was determined by genetic algorithm. The optimum temperature profile began at a low temperature of 26℃ up to 30 h. The operating temperature increased rapidly to 31.9 ℃, and then decreased slowly to 18℃ at 65 h. Thereafter, the temperature was maintained at 18 ℃ until the end of fermentation. A maximum ethanol production of 89.3 g.L 1 was attained. Conceivably, our model would facilitate the improvement of Chinese rice wine production at the industrial scale.

Development of a Kind of Tartary Buckwheat Rice Wine

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the utilization of tartary buckwheat resources,enrich the varieties of rice wine products,and further promote the development of the rice wine industry.[Methods]With tartary buckwheat and glutinous rice as raw materials for mixed fermentation and sensory score as an evaluation indicator,the effects of four factors of material ratio,rice leaven addition,material-to-water ratio and fermentation time on the quality of tartary buckwheat rice wine were investigated.The optimal technological conditions of tartary buckwheat rice wine were determined by an orthogonal test.[Results]The optimal process conditions were as follows:the material ratio of 1∶0.2(g/g),the addition amount of rice leaven of 0.5%,the material to water ratio of 1∶0.4(g/ml),and the fermentation time of 72 h.The obtained tartary buckwheat rice wine product was light yellow,clear and bright,and tasted moderately sweet and sour.[Conclusions]The tartary buckwheat rice wine product has good color,fragrance and taste,and is a healthy drink that conforms to people s health concepts and is suitable for drinking.

Phthalates in Commercial Chinese Rice Wines: Concentrations and the Cumulative Risk Assessment to Adult Males in Shanghai

The concentrations of 16 phthalates in 164 commercial Chinese rice wines （CRW） were detected by GC-MS, and consumption data on CRW in different packaging types was investigated from 634 adult males in Shanghai using a food frequency questionnaire. Based on the prinq：iples of probabilistic modelling and cumulative risk assessment, the exposure and health risk of phthalates from CRW to adult males in Shanghai was evaluated. DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP were detected in the samples, thE： range of detection frequency of individual phthalates varied from 6.10% for BBP to 15.24% for DIBP, and the detected concentrations were 51.06-200.34 ng/mL. All the respondents consumed CRW, 90.69% of them consumed CRW 0.01-49.9 mL/d, the minimum value of the average daily intake of CRW was 6.25 mL/d, the median was 13.72 mL/d and the maximum was 300 mL/d. The median exposure level of the 6 detected Phthalates to adult males in Shanghai were 6.58-7.10 ng/（d.kg）, and the maximum exposure level were 137.38-540.47 ng/（d.kg）. The cumulative exposure health risk index （HI） based on the median and maximum exposure level of the 6 Phthalates （DMP, I~）EP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP） were 0.001147 ancl 0.063396, both were far less than 1. In conclusion, CRW were generally consumed by the adult males in Shanghai.

Chemical Composition of Special Glutinous Rice and Its Effect on the Quality of Brewed Wine

The chemical composition of 8 different special glutinous rice varieties was analyzed,and its effects on the physical and chemical properties of the wines brewed were investigated. The correlations between major chemical constituents and quality of glutinous rice were analyzed. The results show that the contents of the major chemical constituents in the special glutinous rice varieties were not much different,and they all ranked as starch’s > protein’s > fat’s. After 4-8 weeks of fermentation,the total acidity decreased with time( excepting Heixiangnuo),the total residual sugar reduced significantly,and the alcohol content increased significantly. The correlations between starch content of glutinous rice and physical and chemical indices and sensory quality of its brewed wine were not significant. There are positive correlations between protein content and various indices,and the correlation with total acidity reached the significant level. Fat content was negatively correlated with alcohol content,and positively correlated with sensory quality.

Preparation of Alkali-soluble Pachymaran Rice Wine

[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine the optimum process conditions for the preparation of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. [Methods] A new type of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine was prepared by mixing and fermenting alkali-soluble pachymaran and glutinous rice as raw materials. The sensory score was used as the evaluation index to investigate the effects of three factors including the amount of alkali-soluble pachymaran, inoculation amount and fermentation temperature on the quality of the alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. The fermentation process of the rice wine was then optimized by an orthogonal experiment. [Results] With the proportion of the alkali-soluble pachymaran added of 0.4%, the inoculation amount of 0.6% and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, the sensory score of the prepared rice wine was the highest, which was 93.5 points. The alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine prepared under above conditions was rich in flavor and tasted sweet and sour. [Conclusions] The production of the new rice wine and the understanding of the development history of rice wine will provide reference for the future development of rice wine industry, and provide research directions for the development of new health drinks.

Study on Production Process of Roselle Rice Wine

[Objectives]This study was conducted to more systematically explore the traditional brewing process of roselle rice wine. [Methods] With local high-quality white glutinous rice and sun-dried roselle as raw materials for brewing rice wine, on the premise of extensive research on traditional rice wine technology in China, the addition amount of roselle extract, the addition amount of distiller’s yeast, the variation range of after-fermentation temperature and the starting time of after-fermentation were investigated. [Results] The best traditional processing and brewing parameters were the ratio of glutinous rice and roselle extract(mass to volume ratio) at about 1∶1.55, the addition amount of distiller’s yeast of 0.55%, and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, and the starting time at 72 h. The sensory quality of the high-quality roselle rice wine that was produced under the best brewing conditions was about(87.7±2.45) points. [Conclusions] A number of hygiene inspection technical indexes in the product all met the current relevant national safety standards in China, providing another technical research direction for the development of a variety of new green healthy beverage projects.

Application Prospects for the Innovation of Defined Fungal Starter in Rice Wine Fermentation

The feasibility of pilot-scale manufacture of defined fungal starter and its application in rice wine production from different local starchy materials were investigated. Starter consisting of Arnylomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae gave high performance in winemaking when prepared in conditions of rice flour 80% and cassava flour 20% with 4 incubation days. The starter level at 20% was favourably employed for manufacture with the initial amount of I0 kg mixed-flours, Dry starter granules which were vacuum packed could adapt ambient temperature （approx. 28-32℃） during 8 months of storage. The defined starter performed as superior inoculum for winemaking from different agricultural starchy resources. The undesirable bacteria were found at approx. 2 Log CFU/g of dry starter. By morphology, biochemical and physiological growth and the genetic partial 16S analyses, three bacterial isolates were characterized as Bacillus subtilis/amvloliquefaciens which may contaminate tbod but not cause food poisoning and not considered as a human pathogen.

正交试验结合主成分分析法优化薄荷紫米酒工艺

以紫米、薄荷为主要原料,采用液化工艺制备薄荷紫米酒。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验结合主成分分析法优化薄荷紫米酒的制备工艺,并对其抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明:薄荷紫米酒的最佳工艺条件为紫米与纯净水质量比1∶2.5、发酵时间15 d、薄荷液添加量8%(以紫米与纯净水总质量计),在此条件下制备的薄荷紫米酒口感丰富、气味清香,具有一定的抗氧化活性。

黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺优化及其品质分析

以黑糯米为主要原料,黄精提取液为辅料制备黄精黑糯米酒。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化液态法发酵黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺条件,并对其理化指标及活性成分进行测定。结果表明,最佳酿造工艺条件为酒曲与酵母质量比1:1、发酵时间6 d、黄精提取液添加量28%、料液比(糯米与水)1.0:7.0(g:mL)。在此优化条件下,黄精黑糯米酒的酒体澄清透亮、呈紫红色、酒香醇厚、具有黄精风味,感官评分为87分,酒精度达12.0%vol,总糖、还原糖、总酸、氨基酸态氮、花色苷和总黄酮含量分别为4.13 g/100 mL、3.74 g/100 mL、6.32 g/L、0.22 g/L、37.9 mg/L、0.023 g/100 mL。

银杏果对花露烧酒风味的影响研究

目的通过风味分析确定花露烧酒新品中银杏果的最佳添加量。方法采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(solid phase microexteaction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)和感官评价技术测定比较了不同银杏果添加量的花露烧酒的挥发性风味成分。结果共鉴定出52种挥发性风味成分,各样品中香气成分的种类和含量有明显差异;经与糯米混合发酵后,银杏果中青草风味成分如壬醛、正己醛等显著下降或未检出;采用主成分分析法得出银杏花露烧酒香气与苯乙醇、正己酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、庚酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯等风味成分有关。由感官分析可知银杏果添加量为25%的花露烧酒样品C整体感官品质最佳,尤其是香气方面,产生了令人愉悦的正己酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯等风味成分。结论添加25%银杏果的花露烧酒的风味较好,为传统特色产品花露烧酒的创新提供了新思路,对银杏花露烧酒的风味控制提供了理论依据。

基于高通量测序技术对不同地区米酒曲微生物群落结构的分析

采用高通量测序技术对湖北宜昌当地传统米酒曲与广西玉林传统米酒曲中的微生物群落结构进行解析,获得了酒曲中主要微生物种属和占比。结果表明,广西米酒曲在物种丰富度以及群落多样性上均高于宜昌米酒曲;广西米酒曲中优势真菌属以根霉属(Rhizopus)、毛霉属(Mucor)、毕赤酵母属(Pichia)和假丝酵母属(Candida)为主,宜昌米酒曲中根霉属(Rhizopus)和毛霉属(Mucor)为优势菌属;在细菌属水平上,广西米酒曲以片球菌属(Pediococcus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、魏斯氏属(Weissella)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)为主,宜昌米酒曲优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和魏斯氏属(Weissella);ASV/OTU韦恩图分析表明宜昌酒曲在物种独特性上要优于广西玉林酒曲。本研究揭示了宜昌传统米酒曲中的真菌与玉林传统米酒曲真菌菌种的差别,为逐步改善传统酒曲质量,以及相关微生物的进一步利用提供了理论指导依据。

藜麦黄米酒的生产工艺研究

藜麦以富含多种营养成分和独特的口感而受到广泛欢迎,与植物蛋白丰富的黄米复配制备新型酒类产品——藜麦黄米酒,香甜细腻、口感醇厚、风味独特,具有黄米和藜麦的营养价值和保健作用。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定其最佳工艺条件为藜麦、黄米添加比例30∶70,酿酒酵母添加量0.08%,发酵温度30~32℃,发酵时间5 d。

蜂蜜甜米酒的研制

以糯米和蜂蜜为主要原料酿制蜂蜜甜米酒,采用正交实验法以蜂蜜甜米酒的感官得分为指标,对其酿制过程中蜂蜜、酒曲以及纯净水三者的添加量进行优化,正交分析结果显示当三者添加量依次为:蜂蜜15.0g、酒曲1.5g、纯净水80.0mL时最佳,经验证实验在最佳工艺参数下酿制出的蜂蜜甜米酒酒精度6.85,感官评分均值为88.7,与正交实验结果相一致。

自动化立体仓库系统在黄酒业中应用

介绍了自动化立体仓库系统在黄酒行业中的应用,黄酒自动化立体仓库系统单元操作包括空瓶和包材入库、成品入库、空瓶和包材供应、试漏产品出入库、成品出库、自动化立体库取货程序、不合格品退库、自动化立体库盘点、自动化立体库查询与维护等;自动化立体仓库系统与自动化灌装线系统、自动化酒体调配系统、销售ERP系统采用无缝连接的接合技术,实现整体集成;为酿酒业的科技创新作贡献。

红曲菌与酿酒酵母组合发酵对米酒挥发性风味组分生成的影响

红曲酒是以糯米为原料,以红曲作为发酵剂酿造而成的。其中红曲菌和酿酒酵母是酿造体系中的核心微生物。本文以糯米为发酵基质,选用紫色红曲菌、红色红曲菌和高粱红曲菌分别与酿酒酵母菌进行组合发酵,研究不同组合和发酵模式(同步发酵和顺序发酵)对挥发性组分生成的影响。基于顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法,从发酵的米酒中共鉴定出89种挥发性风味化合物。热图分析发现:红曲菌与酿酒酵母组合发酵明显比红曲菌纯菌发酵产生更多的挥发性物质,顺序发酵明显比同步发酵产生更多的挥发性风味物质,尤其是紫色红曲菌、红色红曲菌与酿酒酵母组合的顺序发酵。对不同红曲菌与酿酒酵母组合发酵的挥发性风味组分进行主成分分析,紫色红曲菌和红色红曲菌与酿酒酵母在顺序发酵模式下会产生更多的挥发性风味组分且其风味组成较为接近。挥发性风味组分含量差异分析表明,异丁醇、1-庚醇、(3Z)-3-壬烯-1-醇、2-十四醇、(Z)-5-辛烯-1-醇、癸醛、辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、9-癸烯酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、乙酸苯乙酯、1,2-二甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯等是红曲菌与酿酒酵母组合发酵产物中的特征挥发性风味物质。本研究结果可为红曲酒工业化生产中风味品质的提升与质量控制提供一定的参考数据。