We report herein an efficient A^1-C=C-A^2-C=C-A^1 type small-molecule 4,4＇-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene （BODIPY） acceptor （A^1= BODIPY and A^2= diketopyrrolopyrrole （DPP）） by following the A-to-A excit...We report herein an efficient A^1-C=C-A^2-C=C-A^1 type small-molecule 4,4＇-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene （BODIPY） acceptor （A^1= BODIPY and A^2= diketopyrrolopyrrole （DPP）） by following the A-to-A excited electron delocalization via the BODIPY meso-position, the inherent directionality for the excited electron delocalization. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （LUMO） delocalizes across over whole the two flanking A^1 and the central A^2, and the highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） localizes dominantly on the -C=C-DPP-C=C- segment. The excited electron upon light excitation of the DPP segment delocalizes over both the BODIPY and DPP segments. The acceptor in chloroform shows an unprecedented plateau-like broad absorption between 550 and 700 nm with a large FWHM value of 195 nm. Upon transition into solid film, the acceptor shows absorption in the whole near ultraviolet-visible-near infrared wavelength region （300-830 nm） with a low band gap of 1.5 eV and a maximum absorptivity of 0.85 × 10^5 cm^-1. Introduction of the ethynyl spacer between the A^1 and A^2 and the close BODIPY-to-DPP LUMO energy levels are crucial for the excited n-electron delocalization across over whole the conjugation backbone. A power conversion efficiency of 6.60% was obtained from the ternary non-fullerene solar cell with PTB7-Th：p-DTS（FBTTh2）2 （0.5 ; 0.5） as the donor materials, which is the highest value among the non-fullerene organic solar cells with BODIPY as the electron acceptor material.展开更多
1 Results In this contribution,the synthesis and characterization of low-band-gap oligothiophenes and copolymers based on fluorene and thiophene units are reported.First,5,5′-dibromo derivative of 1 was synthesised a...1 Results In this contribution,the synthesis and characterization of low-band-gap oligothiophenes and copolymers based on fluorene and thiophene units are reported.First,5,5′-dibromo derivative of 1 was synthesised and used as a building block for synthesis of quinquethiophene and septithiophene analogues of 1 and the synthesis of a novel low band-gap polymer - soluble alternating copolymer 3,which was prepared by the Suzuki coupling of 5,5′-dibromo derivative of 1 with bis(propane-1,3-diyl) 9,9-bis(2-...展开更多
针对低轨卫星物联网场景下基于窄带物联网(narrow band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)体制的物联终端大尺度地理范围内多场景应用业务时延和终端功耗需求动态变化问题,提出一种利用马尔可夫链模型评估NB-IoT终端在扩展不连续接收(extended...针对低轨卫星物联网场景下基于窄带物联网(narrow band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)体制的物联终端大尺度地理范围内多场景应用业务时延和终端功耗需求动态变化问题,提出一种利用马尔可夫链模型评估NB-IoT终端在扩展不连续接收(extended discontinuous reception,eDRX)和节能模式(power saving mode,PSM)下的时延功耗的方法,建立了以下行业务延迟和终端功耗为优化目标的多目标优化问题。在信关站利用终端历史业务数据信息离线训练基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的时延功耗的回归预测模型,以回归预测模型作为非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms-II,NSGA-II)的目标函数,得到多目标优化问题的Pareto前沿解集,进一步从Pareto前沿解集中选择满足当前应用时延功耗需求的工作状态定时器参数值,在线配置终端。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的地面物联网终端固定式定时器参数配置方法,所提出的业务驱动的定时器参数配置方法在终端动态多场景应用下能够更好地满足业务时延和终端功耗需求。展开更多
电源网络S参数与芯片电源模型(Chip Power Module,CPM)级联可实现电源时域噪声仿真,完成电源完整性设计签核。当下部分仿真工具在AC阻抗优化过程中导出的S参数存在低频段无法覆盖的问题,影响时域纹波仿真精度,如果重新对S参数进行提取,...电源网络S参数与芯片电源模型(Chip Power Module,CPM)级联可实现电源时域噪声仿真,完成电源完整性设计签核。当下部分仿真工具在AC阻抗优化过程中导出的S参数存在低频段无法覆盖的问题,影响时域纹波仿真精度,如果重新对S参数进行提取,又会增加仿真时间降低仿真效率。针对AC阻抗优化过程中导出的S参数无法覆盖低频段的问题,提出了一种电源网络S参数低频段拓展方法,结合电压调节模块(Voltage Regulator Module,VRM)的R-L模型,推导出低频段的S参数可以借用抽取的S参数中最低频点处的S参数实现低频段S参数的拓展。仿真和实验结果表明,通过对低频段S参数进行拓展,电源时域纹波噪声仿真的精度提升31%。同时,低频段的S参数直接借用已抽取的S参数中低频点的数值无须重复提取,在8 GB内存的配置下,仿真时间节约14%左右,提高了仿真效率。展开更多
基金Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http：//dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201700542 or from the author. Dedicated to the Special Issue of Polymer Solar Cells.Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support ot＂ the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC, Nos. 91433202, 21327805, 91227112 and 21221002）, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS, X DB12010200）, and Ministry of Science and Technol- ogy of the People＇s Republic of China （MOST, 2012YQ120060）. The authors gratefully acknowledge Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility （BSRF） for supports of GIXRD measurements.
文摘We report herein an efficient A^1-C=C-A^2-C=C-A^1 type small-molecule 4,4＇-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene （BODIPY） acceptor （A^1= BODIPY and A^2= diketopyrrolopyrrole （DPP）） by following the A-to-A excited electron delocalization via the BODIPY meso-position, the inherent directionality for the excited electron delocalization. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （LUMO） delocalizes across over whole the two flanking A^1 and the central A^2, and the highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） localizes dominantly on the -C=C-DPP-C=C- segment. The excited electron upon light excitation of the DPP segment delocalizes over both the BODIPY and DPP segments. The acceptor in chloroform shows an unprecedented plateau-like broad absorption between 550 and 700 nm with a large FWHM value of 195 nm. Upon transition into solid film, the acceptor shows absorption in the whole near ultraviolet-visible-near infrared wavelength region （300-830 nm） with a low band gap of 1.5 eV and a maximum absorptivity of 0.85 × 10^5 cm^-1. Introduction of the ethynyl spacer between the A^1 and A^2 and the close BODIPY-to-DPP LUMO energy levels are crucial for the excited n-electron delocalization across over whole the conjugation backbone. A power conversion efficiency of 6.60% was obtained from the ternary non-fullerene solar cell with PTB7-Th：p-DTS（FBTTh2）2 （0.5 ; 0.5） as the donor materials, which is the highest value among the non-fullerene organic solar cells with BODIPY as the electron acceptor material.
文摘1 Results In this contribution,the synthesis and characterization of low-band-gap oligothiophenes and copolymers based on fluorene and thiophene units are reported.First,5,5′-dibromo derivative of 1 was synthesised and used as a building block for synthesis of quinquethiophene and septithiophene analogues of 1 and the synthesis of a novel low band-gap polymer - soluble alternating copolymer 3,which was prepared by the Suzuki coupling of 5,5′-dibromo derivative of 1 with bis(propane-1,3-diyl) 9,9-bis(2-...
文摘针对低轨卫星物联网场景下基于窄带物联网(narrow band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)体制的物联终端大尺度地理范围内多场景应用业务时延和终端功耗需求动态变化问题,提出一种利用马尔可夫链模型评估NB-IoT终端在扩展不连续接收(extended discontinuous reception,eDRX)和节能模式(power saving mode,PSM)下的时延功耗的方法,建立了以下行业务延迟和终端功耗为优化目标的多目标优化问题。在信关站利用终端历史业务数据信息离线训练基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的时延功耗的回归预测模型,以回归预测模型作为非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms-II,NSGA-II)的目标函数,得到多目标优化问题的Pareto前沿解集,进一步从Pareto前沿解集中选择满足当前应用时延功耗需求的工作状态定时器参数值,在线配置终端。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的地面物联网终端固定式定时器参数配置方法,所提出的业务驱动的定时器参数配置方法在终端动态多场景应用下能够更好地满足业务时延和终端功耗需求。
