Infant rice cereals were analyzed for total arsenic, inorganic arsenic (i-As) and the organic arsenic species monomethylarsonoic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) using liquid chromatography inductively couple...Infant rice cereals were analyzed for total arsenic, inorganic arsenic (i-As) and the organic arsenic species monomethylarsonoic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). Total arsenic concentrations in the samples ranged from 110 ng/gup to 420 ng/g. The i-As in the rice cereals accounted for 33% to 77% of the total arsenic. The observed variability between infant rice cereals makes a dietary survey approach to accessing arsenic exposures difficult.展开更多
Maternal behaviour and child birth outcomes have been shown to be associated with the risk of disease in children. However, little is known about their association with the trajectories of physical development. The ai...Maternal behaviour and child birth outcomes have been shown to be associated with the risk of disease in children. However, little is known about their association with the trajectories of physical development. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories in Japanese toddlers. All 900 children born in Ibara City between 2006 and 2009 were enrolled in this study with their mothers. Children’s heights and weights were measured, as was BMI (weight [kg]/height [m]<sup>2</sup>). Multilevel analyses examined the association of maternal behaviour (smoking, using formula milk, and leaving the child in a daytime nursery) and birth outcomes (weight, parity, and gestational age) with standardized BMI trajectories (z-score analysis). Average BMIs ± standard deviations at birth and at 1.5, 2, and 3 years were 12.6 ± 1.3, 16.8 ± 1.2, 16.1 ± 1.2, and 15.7 ± 0.1, respectively. Maternal behaviour was not associated with BMI trajectories. However, BMIs of low birth weight children at 3 years were significantly higher than those of other children (β = 1.799, P β = –0.035, P β = –0.04271, P < 0.001). Other evaluated factors were not associated with BMI trajectories. Our results showed that low birth weight children are more likely to exhibit lower BMIs until 2 years of age;however, BMI rapidly rises afterwards. Longer follow-up periods are warranted to evaluate the consequence of the late-year rapid increases in BMI among low birth weight children.展开更多
[目的]了解不同出生体重儿婴幼儿期身长、体重和体质指数(body mass index,BMI)的动态变化及营养不良、超重和肥胖的发生率.[方法]对2 547名婴幼儿0～30个月的体检资料进行统计分析,计算BMI值并采用身高别体重中位数百分比法来判定营养...[目的]了解不同出生体重儿婴幼儿期身长、体重和体质指数(body mass index,BMI)的动态变化及营养不良、超重和肥胖的发生率.[方法]对2 547名婴幼儿0～30个月的体检资料进行统计分析,计算BMI值并采用身高别体重中位数百分比法来判定营养不良、超重和肥胖.[结果]在0～30月中,巨大儿在各年龄的体重、身长和BMI均为3组之最,其次为正常出生体重儿,低出生体重儿处于最低水平.不同出生体重儿的超重和肥胖发生率在出生后头3个月呈上升趋势,于3个月时达到高峰.巨大儿组在出生后各年龄段的营养不良发生率在三组中处于最低水平,低出生体重儿组营养不良发生率在出生后第3年有明显上升趋势.[结论]宫内生长与儿童早期生长有密切的关系,在重视预防婴幼儿超重和肥胖的同时也要加强营养不良的预防.展开更多
文摘Infant rice cereals were analyzed for total arsenic, inorganic arsenic (i-As) and the organic arsenic species monomethylarsonoic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). Total arsenic concentrations in the samples ranged from 110 ng/gup to 420 ng/g. The i-As in the rice cereals accounted for 33% to 77% of the total arsenic. The observed variability between infant rice cereals makes a dietary survey approach to accessing arsenic exposures difficult.
文摘Maternal behaviour and child birth outcomes have been shown to be associated with the risk of disease in children. However, little is known about their association with the trajectories of physical development. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories in Japanese toddlers. All 900 children born in Ibara City between 2006 and 2009 were enrolled in this study with their mothers. Children’s heights and weights were measured, as was BMI (weight [kg]/height [m]<sup>2</sup>). Multilevel analyses examined the association of maternal behaviour (smoking, using formula milk, and leaving the child in a daytime nursery) and birth outcomes (weight, parity, and gestational age) with standardized BMI trajectories (z-score analysis). Average BMIs ± standard deviations at birth and at 1.5, 2, and 3 years were 12.6 ± 1.3, 16.8 ± 1.2, 16.1 ± 1.2, and 15.7 ± 0.1, respectively. Maternal behaviour was not associated with BMI trajectories. However, BMIs of low birth weight children at 3 years were significantly higher than those of other children (β = 1.799, P β = –0.035, P β = –0.04271, P < 0.001). Other evaluated factors were not associated with BMI trajectories. Our results showed that low birth weight children are more likely to exhibit lower BMIs until 2 years of age;however, BMI rapidly rises afterwards. Longer follow-up periods are warranted to evaluate the consequence of the late-year rapid increases in BMI among low birth weight children.
文摘[目的]了解不同出生体重儿婴幼儿期身长、体重和体质指数(body mass index,BMI)的动态变化及营养不良、超重和肥胖的发生率.[方法]对2 547名婴幼儿0～30个月的体检资料进行统计分析,计算BMI值并采用身高别体重中位数百分比法来判定营养不良、超重和肥胖.[结果]在0～30月中,巨大儿在各年龄的体重、身长和BMI均为3组之最,其次为正常出生体重儿,低出生体重儿处于最低水平.不同出生体重儿的超重和肥胖发生率在出生后头3个月呈上升趋势,于3个月时达到高峰.巨大儿组在出生后各年龄段的营养不良发生率在三组中处于最低水平,低出生体重儿组营养不良发生率在出生后第3年有明显上升趋势.[结论]宫内生长与儿童早期生长有密切的关系,在重视预防婴幼儿超重和肥胖的同时也要加强营养不良的预防.
