Scale offers the possibility of identifying adherence to lifestyle interventions in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disorder,and dietary and lifestyle interventions remain the mainstays of NAFLD therapy.Zeng et al established a prediction system to evaluate adherence to lifestyle interventions in patients with NAFLD and choose optimal management.Here,we discuss the application scenarios of the scale and the areas warranting further attention,aiming to provide a possible reference for clinical recommend-ations.

Current Status of Diabetes Prevention and Control in China and Early-Stage Intervention Strategies

In recent years,the prevalence of diabetes in China has continued to rise,with the adult prevalence expected to reach 12.8%by 2023.To control this trend,the government has introduced several policies and invested substantial funds in the prevention and treatment of diabetes,achieving certain results.Prediabetes is a stage where blood glucose metabolism can still be restored.For individuals in this stage,dietary and exercise intervention programs are recommended to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes,improve quality of life,and reduce the burden of disease on individuals,families,and society.

Study of the Effect of Preoperative Dietary Intervention on Gastrointestinal Reaction of Microparticle TACE

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative dietary intervention on the gastrointestinal reaction of microparticle transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods:A total of 60 patients with primary liver cancer who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2018 were selected for this study.The random sampling method was used to divide the patients into an intervention group(30 cases)and a control group(30 cases).The control group received routine intervention,whereas the intervention group received optimized nursing intervention.The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions,the vomiting frequency,the average vomiting volume,the incidence of stomach discomfort,the quality of life,and the anxiety and depression indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The results of all indicators of the intervention group were better than those of the control group.The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions in the intervention group was 13.9%,which was lower than 43.3%of the control group.The scores of QLQ-C30 of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group;the SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group were lower than those of the control group.Conclusion:Preoperative dietary intervention can reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions of microparticle TACE and improve the symptoms of gastric discomfort among patients.

Effects of Dietary Intervention on Hyperlipidemia in Eight Communities of Beijing, China

To examine the effect of community-based dietary intervention on hyperlipidemia. Methods A total of 180 hyperlipidemia individuals with TG>2.26 mmol稬-1(200 mg穌L-1)and/or TC>5.72 mmol稬-1 (220 mg穌L-1) were selected from 428 eligible subjects in eight communities of Beijing. They were randomly divided into intervention group (n=108) and control group (n=72). Dietary intervention was provided for the intervention group for 6 months. Information on dietary intakes, physical examinations and blood samples was collected. Serum lipids were assayed at baseline and endpoint of the study period. Results Respective decrease in dietary intake of total calories, fat, cholesterol and cooking oil by 13.62%, 24.75%, 24.40%, and 22.43%, in the intervention group was observed. The percentages of total calories from fat, carbohydrate and protein appeared to be desirable after study. Reduced body weight and BMI were also observed. There was a respective 5.61% and 7.06 % decrease in total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the intervention group, while no significant changes were found in the control group. Conclusions Community-based dietary intervention can effectively improve dietary patterns, control body weight, and decrease the levels of total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Dietary, physical activity, and weight management interventions among active-duty military personnel: a systematic review

Background: Research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of weight management, dietary and physical activity interventions in military settings. However, a recent and comprehensive overview is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the evidence and describe key components of effective interventions in terms of improving body composition, dietary behaviors, and physical activity among active-duty military personnel.Methods: Pub Med, Psyc Info, and CINAHL were searched on the 17 th of November 2017 to identify interventions that promoted diet and/or physical activity among active-duty military personnel. Studies were included if they assessed outcomes related to anthropometric measurements, dietary behaviors, or fitness/physical activity levels. There were no restrictions regarding publication date, follow-up duration, and sex. After screening, a total of 136 studies were eligible. Of these studies, 38 included an educational and/or behavioral change component, and 98 had only physical or fitness training as part of basic military training. Only studies that included an educational and/or behavioral change component were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool and included in the qualitative synthesis of the results.Results: Based on consistent evidence from studies that were rated as moderate or strong, there is good evidence that military weight management interventions are effective in improving body composition for durations of up to 12 months. Effective interventions are more likely to be high intensity(have a greater number of sessions), are more often delivered by specialists, and use theoretical base/behavioral change techniques and a standardized guideline. Dietary interventions can potentially reduce total fat and saturated fat intake. Dietary interventions that target the kitchen staff and/or increase the availability of healthy food are more likely to be effective in the short term. The results regarding military physical fitness interventions were inconclusive.Conclusions: Despite limitations such as the diversity and heterogeneity of the included interventions, outcome measurements, and follow-up duration, this systematic review found good evidence that weight management interventions are effective, especially in terms of weight loss. More studies are needed to acquire solid evidence for effectiveness for durations longer than 12 months and to identify key components of the effective dietary and physical activity educational and/or behavioral change interventions, especially in countries outside Europe and the US.

Taste sensitivity, nutritional status and metabolic syndrome: Implication in weight loss dietary interventions

AIM: We investigated the relationship between taste sensitivity, nutritional status and metabolic syndrome and possible implications on weight loss dietary program. METHODS: Sensitivity for bitter, sweet, salty and sour tastes was assessed by the three-Alternative-Forced-Choice method in 41 overweight(OW), 52 obese(OB) patients and 56 normal-weight matched controls. OW and OB were assessed also for body composition(by impedence), resting energy expenditure(by indirect calorimetry) and presence of metabolic syndrome(MetS) and were prescribed a weight loss diet. Compliance to the weight loss dietary program was defined as adherence to control visits and weight loss ≥ 5% in 3 mo. RESULTS: Sex and age-adjusted multiple regression models revealed a significant association between body mass index(BMI) and both sour taste(P < 0.05) and global taste acuity score(GTAS)(P < 0.05), with lower sensitivity with increasing BMI. This trend in sensitivity for sour taste was also confirmed by the model refitted on the OW/OB group while the association with GTAS was marginally significant(P = 0.06). MetS+ subjects presented higher thresholds for salty taste when compared to MetS- patients while no significant difference was detected for the other tastes and GTAS. As assessed by multiple regression model, the association between salty taste and MetS appeared to be independent of sex, age and BMI. Patients continuing the program(n = 37) did not show any difference in baseline taste sensitivity when compared to drop-outs(n = 29). Similarly, no significant difference was detected between patients reporting and not reporting a weight loss ≥ 5% of the initial body weight. No significant dif-ference in taste sensitivity was detected even after dividing patients on the basis of nutritional(OW and OB) or metabolic status(MetS+ and MetS-). CONCLUSION: There is no cause-effect relationship between overweight and metabolic derangements. Taste thresholds assessment is not useful in predicting the outcome of a diet-induced weight loss program.

Effect of dietary with Zhibai dihuang pills and gonadotropinreleasing-hormone-analogue on girls with precocious and rapidly progressive puberty

BACKGROUND At present,the clinical mechanisms underlying precocious puberty remain unclear,making effective intervention for children experiencing this condition and rapidly progressive puberty essential.AIM To explore the effects of Zhibai dihuang pills and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa)on growth and ovarian function in girls with precocious puberty.METHODS The clinical data of 84 adolescent girls with precocious puberty and rapidly progressive puberty from February 2017 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Girls were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 42 cases in each group.The control group received diet intervention combined with GnRHa treatment,while the observation group received diet intervention combined with Zhibai dihuang pills+GnRHa treatment.Outcomes such as clinical efficacy,growth indicators,ovarian function,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group showed superior clinical efficacy compared to the control group(P<0.05).Prior to the intervention,no significant differences were found in growth or ovarian function between the groups(P>0.05).Post-intervention,the observation group exhibited significantly lower rates in growth,height,and bone age,along with reduced levels of progesterone,testosterone,estradiol,prolactin,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone compared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was similar across both groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Combining Zhibai dihuang pills with GnRHa and dietary intervention effectively improves growth,enhances ovarian function,and minimizes adverse reactions in adolescent girls with precocious and rapidly progressive puberty.

Dietary Green Tea Extract and Antioxidants Improve Insulin Secretory Functions of Pancreatic β-Cells in Mild and Severe Experimental Rodent Model of Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. It is predominantly idiopathic (with an unknown cause) in India and mostly due to alcohol in the West. Diabetes that occur secondary to chronic pancreatitis (T3c Diabetes) is often brittle, and is difficult to attain normoglycemia with conventional treatment requiring multiple doses of insulin. Mild and severe model of CP was induced in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and L-arginine respectively with an intent to study islet dysfunction and develop therapeutic strategy in animal models of CP. Dietary intervention of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was tested in both the models of CP for its beneficial effects on insulin secretory functions. Pancreata collected upon euthanasia were used to study alterations in the morphology of pancreatic parenchyma and inflammation by staining with H&E and fibrotic changes by Masson’s trichrome and picrosirius staining. Insulin secretory functions of islets were evaluated to test the efficacy of the dietary intervention on β-cell functions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed to monitor the glucose homeostasis before and after the dietary intervention. Both the models resulted in CP with dispersed acini, inflammation and fibrosis. The loss of acini and extent of fibrosis was more in L-arginine model. 2-fold improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin secretory functions of islets was observed with 0.5% EGCG dietary intervention in cerulein model of CP and 1.6-fold in L-arginine model of CP. A further improvement in insulin secretion by 3.2-fold was observed with additional dietary supplements like N-acetyl cysteine, curcumin in combination with EGCG. Our results thus demonstrate and highlight the therapeutic potential of dietary green tea (EGCG) supplementation in reversing islet dysfunction and improving glucose homeostasis in experimental chronic pancreatitis in mice.

A Theory-Based Dietary Intervention for Overweight, Postpartum Mothers and Their Children Improves Maternal Vegetable Intake

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a dietary intervention to increase target vegetable intake in overweight, postpartum mothers;and their children. Methods: Overweight mothers attending their six-week postpartum follow-up visit and their infants (n = 104 pairs) were randomized to intervention or usual care groups during the time period 2008-2011. Mothers received four 60 minute education sessions with a nutrition professional and eight monthly follow-up phone calls. Counseling began at the obstetrician office and continued at the regularly scheduled pediatric visits. The primary study outcome was the change in maternal target vegetable intake. Secondary outcomes included child target vegetable intake and whether child vegetable intake was modified by exposure to breastfeeding. Mother/child energy intake and weight indices were also assessed. Outcomes were measured at baseline (6-weeks postpartum), 6, 12 (post-intervention), and 18 (follow-up) months. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the impact of the dietary intervention on study outcomes relative to usual care. Results: Mothers randomized to the intervention had greater consumption of target vegetables at 6, 12 and 18 months (P P P = 0.03, respectively). There were no differences between groups in maternal energy intake, body mass index, or child target vegetable or energy intake. The child’s target vegetable intake at 12 months was related to the mother’s intake at 6 months (P = 0.03), however, this relationship was not modified by exposure to breastfeeding. Conclusion: A dietary intervention targeting the diet of the mother/child dyad resulted in improved maternal vegetable intake.

The Benefits of Patients’ Information regarding Dietary Habits before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A 3- and 6-Month Follow-Up

Aim: To evaluate the benefits of counseling intervention related to dietary habits changes on patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Materials and Methods: A randomized counseling intervention study, with a 3- and 6-month follow-up was performed on 230 patients who underwent PCI. They were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 93) or the control group (n = 137). A 3- and 6-month telephone follow-up was performed for dietary habits evaluation. Data analysis was performed by using the statistical package SPSS, ver. 20.?Results: Compared with control group, intervention group had higher prevalence of hypertension, history of diabetes and dyslipidemias and history of acute myocardial infraction, with no statistical difference. Moreover, patients in control group were more likely to be ex-smokers (p = 0.01). Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that mean TCHOL concentration while patients admitted to hospital differed statistically significantly between the time points of 3 and 6 months (209 ± 67 mg/dl vs 174 ± 34 mg/dl vs 176 ± 36 mg/dl), p= 0.005 and p = 0.042 respectively. However, there was no statistical significant difference between 3 months and 6 months measurements. Mean glucose concentration while patients admitted to hospital differed statistically significantly between the time points of 3 and 6 months (108 ± 40 mg/dl vs 95 ± 21 mg/dl vs 95 ± 23 mg/dl), p =0.009 and p = 0.012 respectively. However, there was no significant statistical difference between 3 months and 6 months measurements, (p = 1.000). Conclusion: A nurse-led program regarding dietary habits modifications on patients undergoing PCI should be performed along with a long-term follow up after hospital discharge.

个性化饮食干预结合延续性护理追踪对2型糖尿病留守老人血糖控制及生活质量影响

目的分析个性化饮食干预结合延续性护理追踪对2型糖尿病留守老人血糖控制及生活质量的影响。方法选择2021年1月—2023年10月寿光市人民医院收治的146例2型糖尿病留守老人为研究对象,通过随机数表法将其分为参考组(n=73,常规护理)和观察组(n=73,个性化饮食干预结合延续性护理)。比较两组血糖指标、护理满意度、心理状态评分以及生活质量评分。结果护理后,观察组血糖指标和心理状态评分的改善程度显著优于参考组,护理满意度和生活质量评分显著高于参考组,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论个性化饮食干预结合延续性护理追踪用于2型糖尿病留守老人的效果确切,对于留守老人的血糖控制和生活质量均有积极影响。

儿童嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的临床诊治分析

目的总结儿童嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎(EG)的临床表现、内镜检查和病理学特点、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析2019年1月—2022年12月滨州医学院附属医院儿科确诊的48例EG患儿临床资料,包括临床症状、实验室检查、影像学检查、内镜和病理学检查、治疗和随访情况。结果48例患儿中,男26例(54.17%),女22例(45.83%),中位年龄7.8岁,20例(41.67%)患儿有过敏史或家族史,临床症状主要有腹痛(34例,70.83%)、腹泻(18例,37.5%)和腹胀(12例,25%)。外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)升高36例(75%),血清总IgE升高14例(29.17%)。48例行胃镜检查,最常见的表现是黏膜充血水肿(32例,66.67%)、点状红斑(28例,58.33%)和糜烂(22例,45.83%),28例行结肠镜检查,表现为黏膜充血水肿(18例,64.29%)、点状红斑(15例,53.57%)和结节样隆起(12例,42.86%)。黏膜组织病理表现为大量EOS浸润,主要累及十二指肠降部、胃窦和回肠末端。所有患儿均采用饮食干预的治疗,6例(12.5%)单纯饮食干预治疗后好转,16例(33.33%)孟鲁司特钠、酮替芬、奥美拉唑治疗后好转,26例(54.17%)联合泼尼松治疗后好转,随访10个月~3年,8例(16.67%)停药后复发,再次治疗后好转。结论儿童EG临床症状和内镜表现多样化、缺乏特异性,内镜下黏膜组织病理检查有助于确诊。大多数患儿外周血EOS升高,饮食干预和糖皮质激素治疗效果显著,但存在复发的可能,需长期维持治疗和随访。

基于手机食谱软件饮食干预在2型糖尿病患者中的应用

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中行基于手机食谱软件的饮食干预的作用。方法 选择2021年1月至2023年1月合肥市第一人民医院诊治的96例T2DM患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为常规组和干预组,各48例。常规组行常规饮食指导,干预组在常规组的基础上实施手机食谱软件的饮食干预。观察干预3个月后患者自我效能感、饮食依从性、糖脂代谢变化情况。结果 干预后,两组糖尿病自我效能感评分、饮食依从性测评得分均高于干预前,且干预组高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组餐后2 h血糖、空腹血糖水平及胰岛素敏感指数低于干预前,且干预组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者中行基于手机食谱软件的饮食干预,可提升患者自我效能,提高其饮食依从性,促进糖脂代谢指标改善。

营养膳食干预在白血病化疗患者中的应用价值分析

目的:分析针对白血病化疗患者予以营养膳食干预的价值.方法:选取2020年1月—2021年12月山东省滨州医学院附属医院血液内科收治的白血病化疗患者60例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例.对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予营养膳食干预.比较两组体质量、癌因性疲乏指标、并发症发生率、营养指标.结果:护理后,两组体质量均低于护理前,观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,两组感觉、情感、认知、情绪、行为、严重程度评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044);护理后,两组白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:营养膳食干预在白血病化疗患者中的应用价值较高,可确保患者在化疗期间的营养摄入充足,提高营养指标水平,保持体质量稳定,降低并发症发生率.

sIgE和sIgG4联合检测在过敏性疾病中的应用研究

目的了解过敏性疾病患者过敏原特异性IgE抗体(specific IgE,sIgE)和食物特异性IgG4抗体(specific IgG4,sIgG4)分布特点,为临床诊治提供依据。方法选取2022年5月19日—2023年11月14日在福建省三明市第二医院就诊的过敏性患者1617例为试验对象,联合检测sIgE、sIgG4。结果1617例过敏性患者中,sIgE阳性率为45.83%,sIgG4阳性率为75.02%,sIgE和s IgG4同时阳性占比为42.52%;s IgE检测中吸入性过敏原阳性率户尘螨/粉尘螨最高,为34.45%;食入性过敏原牛奶最高,为8.23%;sIgG4检测阳性率前两位为鸡蛋、牛奶,分别为66.54%、47.68%。sIgE致敏程度集中在1~2级,以1种阳性为主,sIgG4致敏程度集中在3级,以2种阳性为主。男性户尘螨/粉尘螨、蟑螂、混合草、牛奶、蟹和虾sIgE阳性率均高于女性(P<0.05),牛奶、鳕鱼和小麦sIgG4阳性率均高于女性(P<0.05);成年组户尘螨/粉尘螨、混合草和牛奶sIgE阳性率均低于未成年组(P<0.05);牛奶、鸡蛋、大豆、鳕鱼和小麦sIgG4阳性率均显著低于未成年组(P<0.05);通过医生指导过敏原干预后症状改善者占比88.89%。结论sIgE和sIgG4联合检测对防治过敏具有重要的指导意义,通过检测指导干预能有效改善症状。

医学饮食营养联合运动疗法对小儿肥胖患儿的效果研究

目的探讨医学饮食营养联合运动疗法对小儿肥胖患儿的效果。方法选择2020年3月—2023年3月本院收治的小儿肥胖患儿88例为研究对象,并根据随机数表方式分为对照组(n=44,常规饮食联合运动疗法)与观察组(n=44,医学饮食营养联合运动疗法),比较两组患儿干预前后的体重、体质量指数、体脂肪百分比、腰臀比、血脂指标水平以及干预期间患儿肥胖相关风险事件发生率。结果干预后,观察组患儿体重、体质量指数、体脂肪百分比、腰臀比小于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组TC、TG、LDL-C均低于对照组,而其HDL-C则高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预期间,观察组患儿肥胖相关风险事件发生率低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肥胖患儿采用医学饮食营养联合运动疗法干预能减轻体重,改善体脂肪与血脂水平,并降低患儿肥胖相关风险事件的发生率,值得推广。

饮食干预治疗抑郁相关症状的研究进展

抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,目前全球有近16%的人群受到抑郁相关症状的影响,而在中国抑郁症患者的诊治率仅有9.5%。抑郁症具有高发病率和低治愈率的特点,如何有效提高其治疗效果是近年来研究的热点。抗抑郁药作为抑郁症的主要治疗方式,存在药物不良反应多和起效慢等缺点,促使人们开始重视抑郁症的非药物治疗。饮食干预是一种改变饮食结构和节律的非药物治疗方式;目前关于饮食干预在精神医学的应用非常广泛,对治疗抑郁症也有一定的效果。近年来的研究证据表明,饮食干预可以通过脑-肠轴相关的进食机制来治疗和改善抑郁症的相关症状。该文综述饮食干预在抑郁症治疗中的多维度探索,包括饮食结构干预、饮食节律干预、肠道菌群的作用等方面,详细介绍饮食干预的方式和涉及的相关机制,希冀为饮食干预治疗抑郁相关症状提供参考。

生活方式对老年人认知功能影响的研究进展

随着老年人认知障碍发生率的不断上升,社会及家庭面临越来越重的经济负担及心理负担。寻找老年人认知障碍发生的危险因素及保护因素,从而进行早期的预防及干预,降低认知障碍的发生率有显著的临床意义。本文就不同的生活方式及饮食结构对认知功能的影响进行综述,以期为降低认知障碍发病率,延缓认知障碍的发展进程,减轻疾病负担并提高老年人的生活水平提供新思路与新方法。

炎症性肠病人群的日常饮食干预

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是肠道的一种慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,目前病因不明,主要是环境、遗传、肠道菌群综合作用下导致的宿主免疫失衡,因此治疗以控制炎症、抑制免疫为主,长期治疗不良反应较多。而饮食不当也是造成病情反复发作的原因之一,且饮食干预简单经济,患者依从性更高,对预防、治疗IBD均有巨大的潜能。因此,本文从国人常见的饮食模式出发,讨论膳食成分对IBD的影响,希望为IBD人群提供日常饮食建议。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病营养干预研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是世界范围内最常见的肝病。由于缺乏有效的针对性治疗药物,通过饮食干预降低体质量和改善代谢是处理NAFLD患者最基本的方法。本文总结了NAFLD相关饮食干预的研究进展,并探讨了作用机制和治疗作用,以便更好地指导临床实践。