Operation Mechanism of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives from the Point of Low-Carbon Agricultural Products

We firstly take a look at internal logic of cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.In combination with operation features of farmers' professional cooperatives and actual requirements for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products;we elaborate establishing benefit allocation mechanism,bearing education and training functions,forming low-carbon value,building low-carbon identification system,as well as realizing low-carbon value.According to these situations,we systematically analyze operation mechanism of farmers' professional cooperatives suitable for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.To promote cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products,we put forward following suggestions,including government guidance and encouragement,social acceptance and active cooperation,and integration into global low-carbon development system to share benefit of low-carbon development.

Potentials and Challenges of Carbon Knowledge Graph in Sustainable Textile Production for Carbon Traceability:A Review

Textile production has received considerable attention owing to its significance in production value,the complexity of its manufacturing processes and the extensive reach of its supply chains.However,textile industry consumes substantial energy and materials and emits greenhouse gases that severely harm the environment.In addressing this challenge,the concept of sustainable production offers crucial guidance for the sustainable development of the textile industry.Low-carbon manufacturing technologies provide robust technical support for the textile industry to transition to a low-carbon model by optimizing production processes,enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing material waste.Consequently,low-carbon manufacturing technologies have gradually been implemented in sustainable textile production scenarios.However,while research on low-carbon manufacturing technologies for textile production has advanced,these studies predominantly concentrate on theoretical methods,with relatively limited exploration of practical applications.To address this gap,a thorough overview of carbon emission management methods and tools in textile production,as well as the characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emissions in key textile manufacturing processes is presented to identify common issues.Additionally,two new concepts,carbon knowledge graph and carbon traceability,are introduced,offering strategic recommendations and application directions for the low-carbon development of sustainable textile production.Beginning with seven key aspects of sustainable textile production,the characteristics of carbon emissions and their influencing factors in key textile manufacturing process are systematically summarized.The aim is to provide guidance and optimization strategies for future emission reduction efforts by exploring the carbon emission situations and influencing factors at each stage.Furthermore,the potential and challenges of carbon knowledge graph technology are summarized in achieving carbon traceability,and several research ideas and suggestions are proposed.

Research on Products Design of Low-carbon Tourism Development in Nature Reserve——A Case Study of Guangxi Longhu Mountain Scenic Area in China

After analyzing three misunderstandings about eco-tourism development,the paper pointed out that low-carbon tourism based on control of carbon emission had larger implementation space,which could be applied in all types of tourist destinations,with strong operability and the effectiveness evaluation of which was easier to be quantized.On this basis,low-carbon development thought of nature reserve was proposed by taking Guangxi Longhu Mountain Nature Reserve as the example.Through introduction of general situation of low-carbon tourist resources in Longhu Mountain,it analyzed necessity to design low-carbon tourist products in Longhu Mountain Nature Reserve,designed low-carbon tourist activities according to resources characteristics,and proposed five distinctive low-carbon tour routes in light with different tourists markets.Finally,some relevant suggestions on development had been put forward.

Research on the transmission mechanism of low-carbon policies:an empirical study of agricultural companies

Companies bear primary responsibility for low-carbon economy,thus relevant low-carbon policies should be set properly to guide them and to ensure their low-carbon production effectively.To solve the problems generated during low-carbon development,this article verifies the existence of the transmission path and strength.This verification includes mediating variables of companies'willingness and capacity to conduct low-carbon production,a transmission mechanism through incentive path and resources protection,and questionnaire data of agricultural companies.Conclusions show that the lowcarbon policies have obvious positive effects on willingness of corporation;the basic service-oriented policy has a significantly promoting effect on low-carbon production capacity;and low-carbon production performance is positively influenced by willingness as well as capability.Aiming at a better transmission path,some corresponding recommendations have been put forward in the end.

Empirical Analysis on Factors Restricting Low-carbon Agricultural Development in Hubei Province

From the perspective of input into agricultural production, the growth of agricultural production from 1982 to 2010 in Hubei Province was analyzed by using multiple regression method. The results show that the quantity of fertilizer and the total power of machinery used for farming have significantly contributed to agricultural growth in Hubei Province, but they are also main factors restricting low-carbon agricultural development in Hubei Province. Therefore, the key point to develop low-carbon agriculture in Hubei Province currently should be put on how to fertilize rationally, how to innovate the pattern of agricultural production, how to develop agricultural mechanization rationally and so on.

Bottleneck on Supply Chain of Organic Agricultural Products and Countermeasures

Organic agriculture is one of successful models of low-carbon agriculture, and plays an important role in alleviating and adapting to climate change. However, the development of supply chain of organic agricultural products lags behind, which seriously restricts development of organic agricultural product market. In this paper, major models and bottleneck of supply chain of organic agricultural products are analyzed, and finally countermeasures are put forward.

Current Situation and Development of Refractories for Clean Steel Production

The low cost and high efficient clean steels metallur- gy has been focused much attention in China. Among the factors affecting the cleanliness and consequent quali- ty of steel products, refractories are one of the key fac- tors. Meanwhile the restriction of resource, energy and environment is getting stronger, thus the improvement of refractories becontes much more important. In this paper, refractories selection principle Jbr clean steel production according to their thermodynamic features was ex- plained; refractories for tundLsh and flow control in con- tinuous casting, which play important roles in prohibi- ring secondary contamination of molten steel, were intro- duced. Moreover, new development of low-carbon and carbon-free refractory materials was also described.

Low-carbon Economy and Eco-design of Commodity Packing

Research situation of eco-design is analyzed, and then thoughts and methods of eco-design are discused. The eco-design includes packaging modularization, dematerialization, energy-saving and bio-simulation.

China’s Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy:2006-2010

China achieved major progress in low-carbon development during the period of the 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010). The increasing trend of energy intensity and carbon intensity of the economy as seen prior to 2005 was reversed to a sharp decreasing trend, leading to a 19% decrease in energy intensity and 21% decrease in carbon intensity in five years. The enhanced energy efficiency, mostly due to efficiency improvement in power and manufacturing sector, is the major driver of the decrease in carbon intensity of the economy. The development of renewable energy, despite its impressive growth rate, played a minor role because of its small share in the energy mix of the country. Energy con-sumption and energy-related carbon emissions per unit of area in building continued to grow at a lesser rate, which, combined with the fast growth of total building volume, led to fast growth in total energy consumption and carbon emissions in the sector. Similar trend is observed in the transportation sector whose total energy use and carbon emissions continued to grow fast despite slight improvement in energy efficiency. Agricultural energy use experienced a slight change and forestry made a major contribution to carbon sinks. Policy and institutional innovations helped build a solid system of rules for low-carbon development. Improving cost effectiveness of the system remains a major challenge for the next five year plan period.

Highly efficient chemicalproductionviaelectrified,transient high-temperature synthesis

In response to the current energy and environmental challenges,reducing or replacing reliance on fossil fuels and striving for carbon neutrality seems to be the only viable choice.Recently,a cutting-edge,eco-friendly method of chemical synthesis via transient Joule heating(JH)demonstrated significant promise across various domains,including methane reforming,ammonia synthesis,volatile organic compounds removal,plastic recycling,the synthesis of functional carbon materials from repurposed solid waste,etc.In this review,the advantages,and latest developments in thermochemical synthesis by flash and transient JH are comprehensively outlined.Unlike the ongoing heating process of conventional furnaces that consume fossil fuels,dynamic and transient JH can get significantly higher reaction rates,energy efficiency,flexibility,and versatility.Subsequently,the transient reaction mechanism,data science optimization,and scale-up production models are discussed,and prospects for the integration of the electrified chemical industry with renewable energy for carbon neutrality and long-term energy storage are also envisioned.

低碳农产品消费行为:影响因素与组间差异

厘清中国消费者低碳农产品消费行为的决定因素与差异,是引导消费者选择低碳消费,进而实现碳减排目标的基石。本文运用多元线性回归方法,分析消费者低碳农产品消费行为的决定因素,结果表明,"宣传教育"、"消费者认知"与"消费者偏好"三者显著影响中国消费者低碳农产品消费行为。进而本文运用独立样本T检验方法,比较不同类型消费者在低碳消费行为及行为决定因素各个维度的差异,结果表明,高端消费群体(高学历、高收入与高消费额群体)与低端消费群体(低学历、低收入与低消费额群体)在"消费偏好"、"消费者认知"以及"消费者行为"维度存在显著差异,且前者表现优于后者;男性消费者与女性消费者在"消费者认知"与"消费者行为"维度存在显著差异,且前者表现优于后者;青年消费者与中老年消费者在"宣传教育维度"存在显著差异,且后者表现优于前者。因此,本文建议加强对低碳农产品的宣传教育,提升消费者对低碳农产品的认知,进而引导消费者产生对低碳农产品的偏好;针对不同类型的消费者群体,制定差异化的策略来引导其低碳消费行为。

ISO农产品加工标准体系现状及其发展趋势

本文就ISO农产品加工标准体系构成、现状和特点进行了介绍,并对ISO农产品加工标准发展趋势进行了分析,可为农产品加工标准制定(修订)人员提供参考,为我国农产品进出口贸易提供借鉴。

我国农产品质量安全保障体系效能分析

农产品质量安全是近年来社会关注的突出问题。加强农产品质量安全管理,提高农产品质量,保障农产品安全,是提高人民生活质量增强农产品国际竞争力的需要,也是提高农业效益、增加农民收入的需要。农产品质量受到农产品质量保障体系运行效能的影响,而保障体系由法律法规体系、标准体系、检验检测体系、认证体系、示范推广体系、信息支持体系、执法监督体系、诚信体系组成。要使农产品质量保障体系高效运转,必须从扎扎实实抓好每个环节入手,完善保障体系,才能提高效能。

基于消费者效用论的内蒙古农产品零售业态发展研究

文章首先从消费者效用角度出发,对内蒙古农产品零售业态进行了分析,在对内蒙古农产品两种主要零售业态进行比较的基础上,归纳出内蒙古农产品零售业态的发展趋势,以期为内蒙古农产品零售业发展有所借鉴。

Progress of heat-hazard treatment in deep mines

Based on the urgency of thermal hazard control in deep coal mines,we studied the status of deep thermal damage and cooling technology both at home and abroad,summarized the causes of deep thermal hazard,analysed and compared the control technologies for deep thermal hazards.The results show that the causes of deep thermal damage can be attributed to three aspects,i.e.,climate,geological and mining factors,of which the geological factors are deemed the major reasons for thermal hazards.As well,we compared a number of cooling technologies of domestic and overseas provenance,such as central air conditioning cooling technology,ice cooling technology and water cooling technology,with one other cooling technology,i.e.,the HEMS cooling technology,which has a large and important effect with its unique＂pure air＂cooling technology,realizes the utilizing of heat resources from underground to the ground.This technology makes use of heat obtained underground;thus the technology can promote low-carbon environmental economic development in coal mines,in order to achieve low- carbon coal production in China.

Towards a new climate economics:research areas and prospects

International cooperation to address climate change now stands at a crossroads.With a new international regime for emissions reduction established by the Durban Platform, "New Climate Economics(NCE)" has become a research hotspot.The need for urgent action to combat climate change has prompted discussion on reforms of economic growth patterns and the energy system.The industrial civilization,therefore,now faces a transition towards a new pathway for ecological sustainability.NCE explores new economic concepts,theories,and analytical methods to design a balanced pathway for sustainable growth and emission reduction.Instead of getting trapped in discussions on allocation of emission reduction responsibilities and obligations among countries,NCE pays more attention to developing win-win multilateral cooperation mechanisms that facilitate collaborative R&D and knowledge sharing.In addition,NCE studies incentives for low-carbon transition,turning carbon emission reduction into a domestic need for countries to increase their international competitiveness.To achieve the 2°C target,most countries around the world face challenges of insufficient emission allowances to cover expected emissions associated with their projected economic growth.As carbon emissions rights becomes an increasingly scarce resource,increasing the carbon productivity of the economy turns to be the critical path to address the dilemma of green or growth.NCE studies the historical evolution of carbon productivity for countries at different development stages as well as ways to enhance such carbon productivity.This type of study provides invaluable lessons for emerging economies to reach their own emission peaks without losing the momentum of growth.Replacing fossil fuels with new and renewable energy has proven to be an inevitable choice for reshaping the energy system and addressing climate change- it has already become a global trend.NCE studies incentives for new energy technology innovation and deployment provided by carbon pricing,and sheds light on the co-benefits of climate change mitigation,such as resource conservation,environmental protection,and energy security.The role of carbon pricing in promoting intemational R&D cooperation and technical transfer will also be studied.The shift in consumption patterns is another key factor enabling a low-carbon transformation.Therefore,NCE also explores the theoretical work on new values of wealth,welfare and consumption,new lifestyles in the context of ecological civilization,concepts and implementation of low-carbon urban planning in developing countries,and the impacts of consumption pattern changes on social development,material production,and urban infrastructure construction.

热成像技术在农业及农产品上的应用进展

红外热成像是一种将人眼不可见的辐射光谱转换为可见图像的技术,并进行特征提取与分析。红外热成像技术最初用于军事,后来逐步延伸应用到各个领域,如航空航天、农业、土木工程、医药和兽医。红外热成像技术可以被应用在各个领域是利用温差对生产过程或产品进行评估、诊断和分析。而热成像技术在农产品的潜在应用包括:水果产量的预测、成熟水果的评估、果蔬的瘀伤检测、食品材料中的异物检测等。红外热成像的主要优点是非侵入性、非接触性和非破坏性,并在短时间内确定任何物体和过程的温度分布。

Oil and Gas Policies in the World’s Major Countries

Revolutionary adjustments were made to the global energy structure in 2017.For the first time,OPEC cooperated with non-OPEC countries to reach an agreement on production curtailment in order to stabilize the oil and gas market.On the one hand,host countries have introduced various fiscal and tax incentive policies to attract investment in the oil and gas industry;on the other,the lack of fiscal revenue has been made up for and the low-carbon environmental protection policy supported by imposing a value-added tax and environmental protection tax.Major consumers have introduced a timetable for the sales prohibition of fuel vehicles and supported the development of new energy vehicles with fiscal and taxation policies.However,from the perspective of the full life cycle,the promotion of electric vehicles is only conducive to partially improving the environment and is not the optimal choice for national energy structure optimization.Electric vehicles will have real significance for environmental protection only after clean electric power is solved.As such,implementing the sales prohibition of fuel vehicles with administrative power goes against market discipline.

Scenario analysis of low carbon development in Tianjin, China

Low-carbon economic development has become a.fundamental approach to coordinating economic development and carbon emissions mitigation. As rapid developing economic, aviation and navigation, and financial center of North China. Tianjin＇s energy demand and CO2 emissions are mushrooming, with per capita CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion exceeding 20 t in 2020, which much exceeds current level of USA. In the background of global responding to climate change, China will likely be requested to commit peaking its GHG emissions during 2020-2030, which will inevitable reduce the room of development in Tianjin enormously. Tianjin should make deployment ahead, realizing win-win of addressing climate change and sustainable development, with low-carbon economic development as important strategic mission. First of all, Tianjin should devote more efforts to reducing energy intensity and realizing relative emission reduction. Scenario analysis shows that Tianjin＇s future CO2 emissions will continue to increase rapidly, but they can be significantly reduced by taking measures. Second, Tianjin should get ready for achieving absolute reduction of CO2 emissions as soon as possible, preparing system, technology and talent in advance, making great efforts to establish institutional meehanisms conducive to low-carbon development from now on. starting from energy conservation and emission reduction, actively carrying out low-carbon technology research and development, vigorously developing the tertiary industry with low emissions, developing new and renewable energy resources, actively promote low-carbon consumption.

Corrosion behavior of low-carbon Cr micro-alloyed steel for grounding grids in simulated acidic soil

To improve the corrosion resistance of steels for grounding grids, a low-carbon Cr micro-alloyed steel was developed （C 1 steel）, and corrosion behavior of Q235 steel and newly developed C1 steel in simulated acidic soil was investigated. The corrosion rate was evaluated with the mass loss measurements, while the corrosion morphology of surface and cross section of rust layer was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion products were analyzed by energy- dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the polarization curve was measured using potentiodynamic polarization method. Results indicated that C 1 steel displayed good corrosion resistance in the simulated acidic soil, of which the corrosion rate was only 30% of that of Q235 steel after corrosion for 360 h. The analysis of rust layer showed that lower carbon content in steel could reduce the tendency of micro cell corrosion and appropriate amount of chromium could improve the corrosion potential of metal matrix. Moreover, the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the chromium enriched in inner rust layer of C1 steel existed mainly in the form of Fe2CrO4, which facilitated the formation of Cr-goethite and improved the protection of corrosion products.