Importance of building maintenance at the time of architectural design of buildings rehabilitated with heritage value

During architectural conception phase,building maintenance problematic is mostly a result of the unintentional use of preconceived architectonical solutions rather than a consequence of a specific influence of maintenance requirements.Hardly the architect in the act of design understands the importance of these solutions in the service life span of a building.Being aware of this,is it possible for the architect to be supplied with a decision support system that allows him to consider the implications of building maintenance since the early design phases? Having awareness of this problem and its consequences in the early design phases a research project was started at the Faculty Engineering of the University of Oporto(FEUP),under which the implications of building maintenance in the act of architectural design is studied.This article presents the methodology developed to identify the needs of maintenance of buildings based on a DSS-decision support system that provides simple tools the architect can use in design phase.This methodology is based on decomposition of building parts-Elements Source of Maintenance ESM-,and subsequently,a set of functional requirements that determine the performance regarding building maintenance on account of architectural decisions.Relevant maintenance actions are defined: Inspection,Pro-action,Cleaning,Correction,Replacement,Legal enforcement,Limits of use.One can thus set up a relationship between the act of design and its performance framework based on behavior,intervention and the ownership of the work of architecture.Using a Multicriteria Analysis(MCA) a qualitative evaluation of different options based on maintenance requirements accomplishment.Conclusions on the importance of architectural conception concerning the building maintenance were clearly arrived at and the utility of the developed decision support tool was also highlighted.

The Arckitbuilding Bricks as a Didactic Tool for Experimentation in Architectural Design： Possibilities and Limitations

This article deals with the usage of building bricks as a didactic material for the development of architectural design. The building brick game chosen for analysis was the Arckit, since it is suitable for the architectural practice. It is estimated that this game can contribute to the design, representation and presentation of projects. In order to investigate in which aspects Arckit presents possibilities of applications, as well as limitations of use, the article approaches the importance of building bricks as a didactic tool and its use in the field of the architectural design process. From a literature review and an empirical experience, this article reports a qualitative research, where the applicability of the Arckit game was checked. Through a critical reflection based on that experience, it was possible to conclude that whereas its limitations to urban form and linked to the formal vocabulary that composes the grammar of these bricks, the Arckit building bricks represent in architecture a playful and experimental way to think and design, fomenting the creativity and the spatial perception, resulting in a particular experience that can make architecture better connected with dreams and joy.

Practice Exploration of Green Building Design in Prefabricated Residential Building Design

Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.

Integrated Building Envelope Design Process Combining Parametric Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization

As an important element in sustainable building design, the building envelope has been witnessing a constant shift in the design approach. Integrating multi-objective optimization (MOO) into the building envelope design process is very promising, but not easy to realize in an actual project due to several factors, including the complexity of optimization model construction, lack of a dynamic-visualization capacity in the simulation tools and consideration of how to match the optimization with the actual design process. To overcome these difficulties, this study constructed an integrated building envelope design process (IBEDP) based on parametric modelling, which was implemented using Grasshopper platform and interfaces to control the simulation software and optimization algorithm. A railway station was selected as a case study for applying the proposed IBEDP, which also utilized a grid-based variable design approach to achieve flexible optimum fenestrations. To facilitate the stepwise design process, a novel strategy was proposed with a two-step optimization, which optimized various categories of variables separately. Compared with a one-step optimization, though the proposed strategy performed poorly in the diversity of solutions, the quantitative assessment of the qualities of Pareto-optimum solution sets illustrates that it is superior. © 2016, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Designing with Building Bricks and Shape Grammar

This paper correlates the use of building blocks with the shape grammar theory in the design process. The main goal is to present the potentialities of the various building blocks, which combined with Shape grammar can contribute to the creative process, particularly for the formal composition in the field of Architecture, Urbanism and Design. The methodology is based on a literature review and reflections derived from the observations of the use of the building blocks during experiments carried out in the scope of research with students of the undergraduate course in Architecture and Urbanism. Starting from the discussions proposed by George Stiny on design with Froebel’s buildings gifts and from experiments with other building blocks, such as Archbricks, it is found that building blocks have their own vocabulary and rules, which can be appropriated and exploited by designers in the construction of new shape grammars.

An Innovative Architectural Strategy for the Integration of Energy Issues into the Design Process of a Commercial Center in Switzerland

In a context of growing efforts to develop sustainability strategies, energy-related issues occupy central stage in the built environment. Thus, the energy performance of housings has improved radically over the past decades. Yet other types of buildings, in particular commercial centers, haven’t received the same level of interest. As a result, there is a need for effective and practical measures to decrease their energy consumption, both for heating and electricity. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that it is possible, through coherent strategies, to integrate energy issues and bioclimatic principles into the design process of commercial centers. It analyzes the exemplary case study of Marin Commercial Center (Switzerland). The interdisciplinary approach, based on integrated design strategies, aimed at increasing the energy efficiency while keeping the cost comparable to the market cost. The main design principles include natural ventilation, nighttime cooling with energy recovery and natural lighting, as well as optimization of mechanical systems. The results of the simulations show that Marin Center attains the best energy performance observed so far among Swiss commercial centers. It also meets the Swiss Minergie standard. The paper thus questions traditional design processes and outlines the need for interdisciplinary evaluation and monitoring approaches tailored for commercial centers. Even though most crucial decisions are taken during the early stages, all phases of the process require systematic optimization strategies, especially operating stages. Recommendations include legal measures, in particular in the fields of ventilation and air-conditioning, education, professional development and technology transfer, and financial incentives for the replacement of energy intensive installations.

The Application of BIM Technology in Architectural Lighting Design

With the continuous development of science technology,Building Information Modeling(BIM)technology has slowly garnered wider attention from designers and architecture professionals.BIM,the 3D model-based process that allows for efficient planning,designing,constructing and managing buildings and infrastructure,could potentially revolutionize the building architectural discipline.This paper analyses the significance of the application of BIM technology in architectural lighting design,as well as the application points and the trends.

ARCHITECTURE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING AT GEORGIA TECH:TEACHING DESIGN+TECHNOL OGY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT

Integrative approaches to architectural design+environmental technology pedagogy are essential in educating future generations to respond to impending building energy use challenges.This paper will describe new approaches to incorporating building physics and building technology in the design studio via a diverse cohort of students and faculty,with strong emphasis placed on the development of innovative architectural strategies operating at the intersection of urban demographics,house and housing design,building performance,and sustainability.The United States Department of Energy reports that our buildings account for forty percent of all energy consumed nationally.Our focus on high performance buildings at the Georgia Tech College of Architecture aims to reduce that percentage and meet the rising demand for design and building performance professionals to evaluate the environmental impact of design decisions.Continuing a twenty-five-year trajectory of research leadership,Tech students and faculty are leading the way in digital design,building simulation,engineering,and construction integration.Over the past four years,students from various schools across campus have been working together in a seminar and design studio setting to expand 21st century housing options.Changing urban demographics,sustainability targets,and alternative energy requirements are investigated through smartly researched and elegantly designed housing and public space propositions.The move from an ecologically aware architecture towards an architecture immersed in the emerging debates about carbon footprint and energy consumption is in part driven by increasing international concern over resource availability and delivery.Through reduced costs of alternative energy capture,higher efficiencies,rapid evolution of upstream technologies and applications and more robust software platforms along with growing social,political and economic debate,the definition of sustainability is evolving - moving to transform integral parts of archi-tectural practice and education from a primarily aesthetic and assembly oriented tra-jectory to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between design thinking and building performance.

CBE Clima Tool:A free and open-source web application for climate analysis tailored to sustainable building design

Climate-responsive building design holds immense potential for enhancing comfort,energy efficiency,and environmental sustainability.However,many social,cultural,and economic obstacles might prevent the wide adoption of designing climate-adapted buildings.One of these obstacles can be removed by enabling practitioners to easily access,visualize and analyze local climate data.The CBE Clima Tool(Clima)is a free and open-source web application that offers easy access to publicly available weather files and has been created for building energy simulation and design.It provides a series of interactive visualizations of the variables contained in the EnergyPlus Weather Files and several derived ones like the UTCI or the adaptive comfort indices.It is aimed at students,educators,and practitioners in the architecture and engineering fields.Since its inception,Clima’s user base has exhibited robust growth,attracting over 25,000 unique users annually from across 70 countries.Our tool is poised to revolutionize climate-adaptive building design,transcending geographical boundaries and fostering innovation in the architecture and engineering fields.

Design/Build系列课程在风景园林专业的探索与思考

本文通过解析“设计-建造”系列课程的意义以及在建筑学及风景园林学科发展概况,并对美国大学风景园林专业“设计-建造”类型系列课程开展情况及特点进行对比研究.借鉴运用“设计-建造”教学模式进行实验性教学,通过在园林建筑材料与构造课程、深圳市福田市民园艺学院植物造景项目及深圳市勒杜鹃花展竞赛等多种类型教学中应用,以探索风景园林职业教育中“设计-建造”模式的应用与发展潜力.

Teaching Practice of Architecture Courses based on Virtual Simulation

Virtual simulation teaching of architecture courses is a teaching mode based on the deep integration of information technology and design class in intelligent environment.Under the background of new engineering,relying on a national virtual simulation laboratory,the exploration of green low-carbon simulation in architecture courses is of great importance for improving the dimension of scientific thinking of architecture undergraduates.In this study,based on the background of architecture curriculum construction,the practical content of the teaching reform of architecture courses based on virtual simulation was expounded from three dimensions of reshaping teaching objectives,updating teaching content and improving teaching evaluation.The practical paths of teaching reform of architecture courses were put forward under virtual simulation experiment teaching,namely building teaching teams,strengthening pilot courses,reforming teaching methods,optimizing classroom teaching content and evaluation methods,constructing practical classroom teaching form in line with the learning situation of architecture courses,building a smart learning platform,and closely combining resource construction,application and curriculum content.This study has important practical significance for optimizing and improving the teaching system of professional courses,adapting to the needs of the industry,enhancing competitiveness,and promoting the construction of first-class architecture courses.

计算机辅助建筑设计(CAAD)的发展趋势——虚拟建筑(Virtual Building)设计将成为主流

通过对计算机辅助设计CAD和计算机辅助建筑设计CAAD技术发展历程的回顾,结合CAAD技术在建筑设计领域的应用现状,深入分析了“虚拟建筑”设计方法的原理和优势,论述了计算机辅助建筑设计(CAAD)的发展趋势。虚拟建筑(V irtual Build ing)模型是一个包含了建筑所有信息的综合数据库,这个数据库不仅可以用于建筑设计,还可以用于结构设计、设备管理、工程量统计、成本计算、物业管理等,可以在整个建筑业中发挥作用,管理建筑生命周期的全部信息。

A STRATEGY FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AT THE EARLY DESIGN STAGE:PREDICTED VS.ACTUAL BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

Developments in information technology are providing methods to improve current design practices,where uncertainties about various design elements can be simulated and studied from the design inception.Energy and thermal simulations,improved design representations and enhanced collaboration using digital media are increasingly being used.With the expanding interest in energy-efficient build-ing design,whole building energy simulation programs are increasingly employed in the design process to help architects and engineers determine which design strat-egies save energy and improve building performance.The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential of these programs to perform whole building energy analysis during the early stages of architectural design,and compare the results with the actual building energy performance.The research was conducted by simulating energy usage of a fully functional research laboratory building using two different simulation tools that are aimed for early schematic design.The results were compared with utility data of the building to identify the degree of close-ness with which simulation results match the actual energy usage of the build-ing.Results indicate that modeled energy data from one of the software programs was significantly higher than the measured,actual energy usage data,while the results from the second application were comparable,but did not correctly predict monthly energy loads for the building.This suggests that significant deviations may exist between modeled and actual energy consumption for buildings,and more importantly between different simulation software programs.Understanding the limitations and suitability of specific simulation programs is crucial for successful integration of performance simulations with the design process.

Evaluation of Large-Scale Housing Projects in Terms of Their Compatibility to Criteria of Environmental Design

The design and execution of large-scale housing projects always have negative environmental impacts in terms of excessive consumption of non-renewable energy resources and environmental pollution. These negative impacts are multiplied in the case of large-scale housing projects where a large number of standardized units are implemented in a repeated manner. This proposed paper will study and evaluate the environmental impacts of large-scale housing projects according to criteria of environmental design. The case study project is Haram City that is a housing project for small low-income families. The project consists of 50,000 housing units and is located in 6th of October City, which has a hot dry desert climate that necessitates special design considerations and applications of environmental design concepts. The project will be analyzed and evaluated in terms of site layout, design of buildings, orientation, materials used, construction techniques, thermal behavior, landscaping, etc.

国外绿色建筑设计课程体验层面教学探析及其对我国的启示--以苏黎世联邦理工学院建筑系、UCL巴特莱建筑学院、康奈尔AAP、宾大Penn Design为例

在研究绿色建筑教学改革的背景下,通过对于国外4所知名院校的绿色建筑课程体验层面的教学目标、课程、教学方式的研究,总结出了案例院校在教学中体现出的一致性特征:注重通识类课程的开设、注重体验类课程的延续性组织、注重课程要求的特定具体现实性。从教学思维、体验联系实践、课程设置三方面提出对我国绿色建筑设计教学的启示。

Integrating BIM and machine learning to predict carbon emissions under foundation materialization stage:Case study of China’s 35 public buildings

For the significant energy consumption and environmental impact,it is crucial to identify the carbon emission characteristics of building foundations construction during the design phase.This study would like to establish a process-based carbon evaluating model,by adopting Building Information Modeling(BIM),and calculated the materialization-stage carbon emissions of building foundations without basement space in China,and identifying factors influencing the emissions through correlation analysis.These five factors include the building function type,building structure type,foundation area,foundation treatment method,and foundation depth.Additionally,this study develops several machine learning-based predictive models,including Decision Tree,Random Forest,XGBoost,and Neural Network.Among these models,XGBoost demonstrates a relatively higher degree of accuracy and minimal errors,can achieve the RMSE of 206.62 and R2 of 0.88 based on testing group feedback.The study reveals a substantial variability carbon emissions per building’s floor area of foundations,ranging from 100 to 2000 kgCO_(2)e/m^(2),demonstrating the potential for optimizing carbon emissions during the design phase of buildings.Besides,materials contribute significantly to total carbon emissions,accounting for 78%e97%,suggesting a significant opportunity for using BIM technology in the design phase to optimize carbon reduction efforts.

超高层建筑综合体消防负荷供配电系统设计

结合现行国家、行业及地方规范、标准,对超高层建筑综合体的消防负荷供配电系统、柴油发电机选择等设计方法及设计要点进行详细探讨。

基于共同成长理念的民间救助建筑策划与设计

文章通过对国内民间救助建筑的历史回顾与现状分析,结合国外救助建筑发展经验和“发展性分层级救助”的救助理念,提出以救助对象共同成长为中心的建筑策划模式与开放性设计策略,并探索民间救助建筑实现可持续发展的具体实施路径。

应用型大学建筑学专业设计类与技术类课程群中实践教学体系构建与实施——以北京城市学院为例

建筑学专业人才培养过程中技术与艺术孰重孰轻的问题由来已久,作为一门应用型学科,其技术性不可忽视。因此,关于设计类与技术类课程教学的分解与整合在过去二十年间的探索从未停止。对于应用型大学而言,培养学生的应用能力尤为重要。因此,文章基于应用型大学人才培养的目标导向,将目前建筑学培养方案中设计类与技术类课程的实践教学体系进行梳理,形成“人才培养目标—实训教学目标—实训内容体系构建”的逻辑架构,进而将实践教学内容分解至各设计类与技术类课程中,从而提升两类课程的黏度,系统研究通过实践教学体系的构建去实现两类课程融合教学的目标。文中通过《建筑设计3》与《建筑力学与结构》的融合教学实践、产教融合的实践与教学效果的问卷调查等,探讨两类课程融合教学的必要性与行之有效的实施办法与经验。

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究与实践

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑设计方法是以建筑本源理论创作为基础,以绿色建筑的显性要素与隐性要素协同为出发点,以建筑师的建筑创作为视角,强化通过显性要素的绿色技术创作、地域性建构、设计节能等内容,最大限度地建构与挖掘绿色建筑本源创作基础,并基于此形成适宜的隐性要素关联匹配的绿色建筑创作新方法。讨论了一种基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究,提出绿色建筑是具备生态意义的显性要素和隐性要素的集合,剖面、平面和层间3类的通风原型是一种显性要素基础性生态装置,而合院建筑的通风则是一种复杂形体下的上述通风原型的集合呈现。以上海市某合院建筑为例,在项目实践中对其通风形式设计进行探讨,具备了实际的示范意义,为相关项目的设计提供参考。