The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth and the development strategy of a low-carbon economy in Kazakhstan

Fossil energy is the material basis of human survival, economic development and social progress. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is becoming increasingly close. However, energy consumption is the major source of greenhouse gases, which can significantly affect the balance of the global ecosystem. It has become the common goal of countries worldwide to address climate change, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and implement sustainable development strategies. In this study, we applied an approximate relationship analysis, a decoupling relationship analysis, and a trend analysis to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth using data from Kazakhstan for the period of 1993-2010. The results demonstrated： （1） the total energy consumption and GDP in Kazakhstan showed a ＂U＂-type curve from 1993 to 2010. This curve was observed because 1993-1999 was a period during which Kazakhstan transitioned from a republic to an independent country and experienced a difficult transition from a planned to a market economy. Then, the economic system became more stable and the industrial production increased rapidly because of the effective financial, monetary and industrial policy support from 2000 to 2010. （2） The relationships between energy con- sumption and carbon emissions, economic growth and energy exports were linked; the carbon emissions were mainly derived from energy consumption, and the dependence of economic growth on energy exports gradually increased from 1993 to 2010. Before 2000, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth was in a recessional decoupling state because of the economic recession. After 2000, this relationship was in strong and weak decoupling states because the international crude oil prices rose and energy exports increased greatly year by year. （3） It is forecasted that Kazakhstan cannot achieve its goal of energy consumption by 2020. Therefore, a low-carbon economy is the best strategic choice to address climate change from a global perspective in Kazakhstan. Thus, we proposed strategies including the improvement of the energy consumption structure, the development of new energy and renewable energy, the use of cleaner production technologies, the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, and the expansion of forest areas.

A low-carbon economic dispatch model for electricity market with wind power based on improved ant-lion optimisation algorithm

Introducing carbon trading into electricity market can convert carbon dioxide into schedulable resources with economic value.However,the randomness of wind power generation puts forward higher requirements for electricity market transactions.Therefore,the carbon trading market is introduced into the wind power market,and a new form of low-carbon economic dispatch model is developed.First,the economic dispatch goal of wind power is be considered.It is projected to save money and reduce the cost of power generation for the system.The model includes risk operating costs to account for the impact of wind power output variability on the system,as well as wind farm negative efficiency operating costs to account for the loss caused by wind abandonment.The model also employs carbon trading market metrics to achieve the goal of lowering system carbon emissions,and analyze the impact of different carbon trading prices on the system.A low-carbon economic dispatch model for the wind power market is implemented based on the following two goals.Finally,the solution is optimised using the Ant-lion optimisation method,which combines Levi's flight mechanism and golden sine.The proposed model and algorithm's rationality is proven through the use of cases.

Two-Stage Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Integrated Demand Response-Enabled Integrated Energy System with Ladder-Type Carbon Trading

Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling framework that considers the coordinated optimization of ladder-type carbon trading and integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed in this paper for the integrated energy system(IES),where the first stage determines the energy consumption plan of users by leveraging the price-based electrical-heat IDR.In contrast,the second stage minimizes the system total cost to optimize the outputs of generations with consideration of the uncertainty of renewables.In addition,to fully exploit the system’s emission reduction potential,a carbon trading cost model with segmented CO_(2) emission intervals is built by introducing a reward-penalty ladder-type carbon trading mechanism,and the flexible thermal comfort elasticity of customers is taken into account by putting forward a predicted mean vote index on the load side.The CPLEX optimizer resolves the two-stage model,and the study results on a modified IES situated in North China show the proposed model can effectively reduce carbon emissions and guarantee economical efficiency operation of the system.

The Influence of Low-carbon Economy on Economic Major Teaching and Its Measures

In recent years the market economy is developing at a rapid pace,large amount of energy has been produced and consumed by us,which results in global warming and environmental degradation problems and various chain of events of adverse effects have been caused one such thing is smog.As a new economic development model,low-carbon economy model has received much attention at home and abroad.China is keen and gives great importance to the development of low-carbon economy.With the continuous development and progress towards the low-carbon economy,a new economic profession has been promoted,which has also brought about a certain degree of influence on the current economic professional teaching.In the low-carbon economy,existing economic professional teaching must be considered and explored,effective measures should be taken to respond.The author explores and analyzes the impact of low-carbon economy on economic professional teaching,and proposes the development measures of economic professional teaching in lowcarbon economy.

Research on the Misunderstanding and Trend of Chinese Population Economy Development under the Economic Transformation Background

In this paper, we conduct research on misunderstanding and trend of Chinese population economy development under the economic transformation background. New normal has become a new annotation, at present, China＇ s economic development can be expected that with the continuous impact of the global financial crisis, the economic development momentum is not really appeared, downward pressure on economic development in a short period of time it difficult to get the effective relief. Know the new normal, therefore, to adapt to the new normal, leading the new normal will be the future a period of an important link to promote the development of our country＇ s economy. Our research combines the general analysis of the economic transformation to form the better pattern for Chinese population economy development which is innovative.

Towards a new climate economics:research areas and prospects

International cooperation to address climate change now stands at a crossroads.With a new international regime for emissions reduction established by the Durban Platform, "New Climate Economics(NCE)" has become a research hotspot.The need for urgent action to combat climate change has prompted discussion on reforms of economic growth patterns and the energy system.The industrial civilization,therefore,now faces a transition towards a new pathway for ecological sustainability.NCE explores new economic concepts,theories,and analytical methods to design a balanced pathway for sustainable growth and emission reduction.Instead of getting trapped in discussions on allocation of emission reduction responsibilities and obligations among countries,NCE pays more attention to developing win-win multilateral cooperation mechanisms that facilitate collaborative R&D and knowledge sharing.In addition,NCE studies incentives for low-carbon transition,turning carbon emission reduction into a domestic need for countries to increase their international competitiveness.To achieve the 2°C target,most countries around the world face challenges of insufficient emission allowances to cover expected emissions associated with their projected economic growth.As carbon emissions rights becomes an increasingly scarce resource,increasing the carbon productivity of the economy turns to be the critical path to address the dilemma of green or growth.NCE studies the historical evolution of carbon productivity for countries at different development stages as well as ways to enhance such carbon productivity.This type of study provides invaluable lessons for emerging economies to reach their own emission peaks without losing the momentum of growth.Replacing fossil fuels with new and renewable energy has proven to be an inevitable choice for reshaping the energy system and addressing climate change- it has already become a global trend.NCE studies incentives for new energy technology innovation and deployment provided by carbon pricing,and sheds light on the co-benefits of climate change mitigation,such as resource conservation,environmental protection,and energy security.The role of carbon pricing in promoting intemational R&D cooperation and technical transfer will also be studied.The shift in consumption patterns is another key factor enabling a low-carbon transformation.Therefore,NCE also explores the theoretical work on new values of wealth,welfare and consumption,new lifestyles in the context of ecological civilization,concepts and implementation of low-carbon urban planning in developing countries,and the impacts of consumption pattern changes on social development,material production,and urban infrastructure construction.

Global Trend of Low-carbon Economy and China's Responses

Based on the analysis on the global economic crisis,climate change crisis and their mutual underlying reasons,the authors believe that low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to break through the dual crises,coordinate the economic development,and protect the global climate.The global trend of low-carbon economy finds expression in Green Recovery currently,while,in a long run,it will give rise to a new pattern of world competition in politics,economy,technology,trade and finance.The impact of the global trend of low-carbon economy on China can not be overlooked,and it is both a challenge and an opportunity for China＇s future development.Based on comparative studies on the low-carbon economy of China,the U.S.,EU and Japan,the authors conclude that China should blaze a new path of lowcarbon economy development with Chinese characteristics,and the authors have put forward relevant countermeasures for China to address the global trend of low-carbon economy from angles of countries,enterprises and the public

The Current Status and Prospects of China’s Low- Carbon Economic Development

This paper aims to explore the importance of developing a low-carbon economy in China and presents a series of key recommendations.Firstly,it emphasizes the adverse impact of economic development on the natural environment and highlights the unsustainable nature of China’s previous pursuit of economic growth at the expense of its ecological surroundings.Subsequently,the paper provides specific recommendations in response to the pressing resource and environmental challenges in current economic and social development,along with the urgent need to accelerate the transition towards a greener,low-carbon economy to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.The key recommendations include continually enhancing the legal framework for a low-carbon economy,optimizing the energy structure,improving energy efficiency,and optimizing the industrial structure.These proposals aim to offer concrete actions to support the development of a low-carbon economy in China,encompassing legal support,energy transformation,and industrial upgrading.Ultimately,this paper underscores China’s potential in developing a low-carbon economy and calls for resolute actions to strengthen legal frameworks,foster technological innovation,and promote industrial restructuring.These actions will guide China towards a more sustainable and environmentally conscious economic future,aligning its growth trajectory with the global imperative to reduce carbon footprints.

Low-Carbon Economic Operation Optimization of Mine Integrated Energy System Considering Energy Supply Uncertainty

Mine integrated energy system(MIES)can promote the uilliation of derived energy and achieve multi-energy complementation and ecological protection.Now it gradually becomes an important focus for scientific carbon reduction and carbon neutrality.To reduce the impact of uncertain prediction differences on the system during the process of using mine derived energy,a low-carbon economic operation strategy of MIES considering energy supply uncertainty is developed in this paper.Firstly,based on the basic structure of energy flow in MIES,the energy-carbon flow framework of MIES is established for the low-carbon operation requirements.Secondly,considering carbon emission constraints,the low-carbon economic operation optimization model(LEOOM)is bullt for MIES to minimize operation cost and carbon emission.Finally,multiple uncertainties of the system are modeled and analyzed by using the robust model under the risk aversion strategy of information gap decision theory(IGDT),and a model conversion method is designed to optimize the low-carbon economic operation model.The simulation results under three scenarios demonstrate that compared to the existed economic dispatching models,the proposed model achieves a 30%reduction in carbon emission while the operational cost of MIES only is increased by 2.1%.The model ffiently mitigates the carbon emission of the system,and the proposed uncertain treatment strategy can significantly improve the robustness of obtained operation plans.

Adjustable robust low-carbon dispatch for interconnected power systems in Northeast Asian countries

Interconnected power systems that link several countries and fully utilize their individual resources in a complementary manner are becoming increasingly important.As these systems enhanee accommodation of renewable energy,they also represent a move toward low-carbon and low-emissi on power systems.In this paper,a low-carb on dispatch model is proposed to coo rd i nate the gen erati on output betwee n several coun tries where the carb on emissi on constraint is a priority.An adjustable robust optimization approach is used to find the optimal solution under the worst-case scenario to address the uncertainties associated with renewable energy resources.A specific constraint is that the area control error for each country should be self-balanced.Furthermore,a reformation using participation factors is presented to simplify the proposed robust dispatch model.Simulation results for practical interconnected power systems in northeast Asian countries verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

中国现代化道路经济背景的历史演变

经济是世界各国现代化的起点,经济基础是各国现代化道路选择的先决条件。从“四个现代化”到“中国式的现代化”,再到“中国式现代化”,体现了几代中国共产党人接续奋斗的理想与实践,也体现了中华民族对世界文明和人类发展的重大贡献。本文阐释了中国现代化道路经济背景的历史演变,分析了中国式现代化道路选择的历史必然性及其意义,指出“四个现代化”是人民共和国的缔造者在“建设一个伟大的社会主义国家”的探索中为中国选择的现代化目标;“中国式的现代化”为实现四个现代化目标探索出了一条现实路径,为强国建设和民族复兴构筑了坚实的物质文明和精神文明基础;“中国式现代化”基于雄厚的经济基础,开启了历史演进的新阶段、改革开放的新征程、社会发展的新篇章、人类文明的新境界、世界和平的新格局,达到了新的历史高度、理论高度和实践高度。

新财经背景下高校户外运动教育“两性一度”发展研究

在新财经背景下和学校体育教育不断发展的背景下,高校户外运动教育的“两性一度”尤为值得关注,即高阶性、创新性和挑战度的发展内容。通过对当前高校户外运动教育现状的分析,了解新财经背景对高校户外运动教育发展的影响,结合新财经背景,提出促进高校户外运动教育“两性一度”发展的策略与建议,包括:高阶性发展策略,加强户外运动产业与新财经的融合、在教学体系上完善课程体系与教学内容;创新性发展策略,融合科技与创新元素、构建产学研用一体化模式、加强国际交流与合作;挑战度发展策略,提升课程难度与多样性、保障高校户外运动的可持续发展。在新财经背景下,基于“两性一度”构建发展体系,旨在推动高校户外运动教育的全面、均衡与可持续发展。

The pain of inequality:Income gap and carbon intensity of well-being

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations sets out 17 sustainable development goals(SDGs)that call for global action to end poverty,protect the planet,and improve the lives and futures of all people,including reducing inequality and taking climate action.The academic and policy issues corresponding to these two goals are income distribution and low-carbon development respectively.This paper makes a connection between the two and examines the impact of income gap on carbon intensity of well-being(CIWB)based on panel data of 40 countries around the world,which has important theoretical significance and empirical reference value.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)During the sample period,the carbon intensity of well-being of 36 in the 40 countries showed a downward trend,indicating that the pressure brought by the increase of unit well-being level on carbon emission space was gradually decreasing.The biggest drop in carbon intensity of well-being is in Estonia.(2)According to the average value of the past years,the income gaps are large in Colombia,Costa Rica,Paraguay,Ecuador and Peru,and the five countries with the smallest income gap are Ukraine,Slovenia,Belarus,the Czech Republic and Kyrgyzstan Republic.(3)The regression results of the econometric model with carbon intensity of well-being as the dependent variable,income gap as the independent variable,and urbanization rate,energy consumption structure and export trade as the control variables show that the increase of income gap will increase carbon intensity of well-being,and the increase of urbanization rate,renewable energy consumption and export dependence will reduce carbon intensity of well-being.Finally,according to the research conclusions,the policy implications for China's future high-quality development are extracted.

肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者自尊水平及其相关影响因素分析

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)患者自尊水平,并分析其相关影响因素。方法选取2021年1月至2023年10月该院收治的91例TACE患者进行研究,参照罗森伯格自尊量表(RSES)评估患者自尊水平,调查员自拟一般资料问卷表,将可能因素纳入,经线性回归探究TACE患者自尊水平的有关影响因素。结果91例TACE患者经评估,RSES评分平均为(27.94±4.55)分。不同学历、家庭月均收入、希望水平、创伤后成长(PTG)水平资料的患者RSES评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职业、配偶情况等其他资料的患者RSES评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经线性回归探究,结果显示,学历为初中及以下、家庭月均收入<5000元、希望水平低、PTG低水平均为TACE患者自尊水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论TACE患者自尊水平可能受经济状况、希望水平、学历及PTG水平影响。

新文科背景下高校经管类专业课程体系重构

在新时期,高等教育深化改革已成必然。在新文科背景下,高校经管类专业课程改革工作应当贴合新时期人才培养需求,推进跨学科、跨专业实现有效融合,以培养出高素质复合型人才。基于此,本文围绕新文科背景下高校经管类专业课程体系重构展开探讨,对新文科背景展开阐述,讨论高校经管类专业课程体系重构的必要性,分析高校经管类课程建设现状,并提出新文科背景下高校经管类专业课程体系重构的几点建议。

黄渤海沿岸经济贝类体内的石油烃的测定

在1990-07—1991-12期间,监测了黄渤海沿岸经济贝类体内的污染物残留量,计算了沿岸软体动物体内石油烃含量的本底值为3.47—19.7mg/kg(湿重),用本底值的上限作为评价标准,对沿岸贝类的石油污染状况,按污染程度做了海区划分,结果是大连湾、长江口、锦州湾的经济贝类是石油烃污染严重的区域;从鸭绿江口至大窑湾的北黄海沿岸是未受石油烃污染的最好环境区域。

Black or Green?Economic Growth Patterns in China under Low Carbon Economy Targets

Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we deifne three economic growth patterns （green growth, brown growth and black growth） according to the relationship between economic scale and carbon emissions, and then trace the historical trajectory of economic growth over the last 40 years. Granger causality is used to test China’s economic growth and carbon emission linkage. We argue that green growth means that the rate of carbon emission reduction is faster than the increase in GDP. When carbon intensity reduction is slower than GDP growth, brown growth occurs. Black growth occurs when both carbon intensity and economic scale increase. For China, we denote the four periods of black growth （1971–1977）, brown growth （1978–2001）, black growth （2002–2004）, and brown growth （2004–2010）. Granger causality tests indicate that mutual causality between carbon emissions and economic growth exists in the short term, but not the long term. In order to achieve the goals of economic growth and carbon intensity reduction, it is necessary for China to actively participate in global carbon reduction activities, technological innovation and ecological civilization construction.

珠江三角洲“自梳女”兴起背景探析

自梳,又称梳起,是指女子自行异辫而髻、宣布独身不嫁的仪式,经过这种仪式的不婚女性被称为“自梳女”。这种风俗于19世纪中叶以后兴起于珠江三角洲地区,与该地特定的社会、经济背景密切相关。终生“不落夫家”婚俗的存在,是自梳女产生的历史根源;珠三角特有的桑基鱼塘的农业生产模式、女性特殊的经济角色,是自梳女兴起的经济背景;19世纪珠三角地区剧烈的社会变革,西方价值观念的传入,是自梳女兴起的社会、文化背景。

四川省农村地区成年人群磨牙症的流行病学调查

目的：通过横断面流行病学调查,了解四川省农村地区成年人群磨牙症的流行情况,并分析社会经济背景因素对成年人群磨牙症患病率的影响。方法：本次调查对象为四川省农村地区20~69岁成年人群,采用问卷和口腔检查相结合的方法进行调查。问卷内容包括年龄、性别、职业、教育背景和磨牙症病史等,并对所有被调查者进行了口腔临床检查,检测是否有牙本质敏感。结果：共有630人参与了此次调查,磨牙症患病率为15.1%。不同年龄组、性别、受教育年限及牙本质敏感与磨牙症患病率均无明显统计学相关性（P〉0.05）。从事脑力劳动的人群磨牙症患病率明显高于从事体力劳动的人群（P〈0.05）。结论：四川省农村地区成年人群具有较高的磨牙症患病率,磨牙症与工作性质有相关性。

食品经济管理学科建设的背景与意义

根据食品产业的重大变化和国际农业经济学科的发展趋势,我国涉农大学的农业经济学科必须根据自身学科基础及自身所处的区域特征,对自身农业经济学科的教学和科研进行调整和重新定位,以满足现代食品产业发展对食品经济管理人才的强烈需求。我国现行的食品教育难以满足这一要求,我们的调查也证明了这一点。